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The unity of all computer hardware must have their respective roles. So, Here we will discuss about the description of computer hardware and how it works as a whole.
Made by: Erva Karimatunisa Mega Puspita Sari Sulalah Rugaya [4312010022] [4312010033] [4312010047]
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ENGLISH.
To find out what the CPU can do or how it works of course we need to know which devices are connected to the CPU itself. CPU placed in system unit.
System unit The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it's a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off. Storage Your computer has one or more disk drivesdevices that store information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information even when your computer is turned off.
CD and DVD drives Nearly all computers today come drive, usually located on the front of the system unit. lasers to read (retrieve) data rom a CD, and many CD drives can also write (record) data onto CDs. And DVD drives can do everything that CD drives can, plus read DVDs. If you have a DVD drive, you can watch movies on your computer. Floppy disk drive Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks, also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount of data. They also retrieve information more slowly and are more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to be, although some computers still include them. Many DVD drives can record data onto blank DVDs. equipped with a CD or DVD CD drives use
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A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures. There are two basic types of monitors: CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors and LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors. Both types produce sharp images, but LCD monitors have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are generally more affordable. LCD also use stands provide adjustable display solutions for one or more flat panel monitors. Monitor stand to support computer monitor display at an ergonomic height and angle, wherever need it. In the monitor usually has a power button in the bottom side the monitor. The power button is a round or square button that powers on and powers off a device. LCD monitor (left), CRT monitor (right)
First, we need to connect other hardware devices such as mouse, keyboard and monitor to the CPU or it tower. Why does there have to be connected? because we know that the CPU is the brain of the computer so if the brain.
A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless. A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of
the brain was going to work there must
b e a supporting devices and it should be connected directly to
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Click: Press and quickly release the button on a mouse Double click: Press and quickly release the mouse button twice. Drag: Move objects or data around on the screen through the use of a mouse. Keep the left mouse button pressed while you move the mouse.
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Cable is a tool that is used to transmit signals from one place to another. Cables along with the development from time to time composed of various types and sizes that distinguish one from the other. Based on the type, the cable is divided into 3 copper cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cables. Cable has many models and colors for sure. So we simply adjust the cable which we will use as required.
Second, we must determine whether a device or hardware support that we connect correctly installed and the appropriate place. cables are Because each hardware connected via wires and
also many kinds so check and make sure that the cable from the keyboard, monitor or mouse is not wrong. Another story is that the hardware that we use on a wireless
A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys:
The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used. The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly. The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage. T he keyboard is actually a collection of some of the key.
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Any of the buttons on a keyboard that the user presses to input data (information) or to type commands.
How keyboard works? The process is as follows: Type one of the characters on the keyboard typing gave a little pressure in the character relationships second circuit connected electrically forming circuit when stop pressing the circuit off the back of the microprocessor processed equated with data on the microprocessor Data used to identify letters in the alphabet forwards the signal to the microprocessor RAM processed in RAM but at the same time anyway Interap microprocessor sends data to the controller and will automatically terminate all activities that do computer distracting keyboard to signal the signal is sent to the CPU and cipron BIOS back to the keyboard controller go to RAN sent to the monitor to display the character.
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Third, if it is true of all computers you are ready to use press the power button on the monitor and the CPU to turn on.
In the monitor usually has a power button in the bottom side the monitor. The power button is a round or square button that powers on and powers off a device. CPU is also have a power button too. Typically, the device powers on when the switch is pressed in and powers off when the button is again pressed. Some devices instead have a power switch that accomplishes the same thing. A flip of the switch in one direction turns the device on and a flip in the other turns the device off. Power buttons and switches are usually labeled with "I" and "O" symbols. The "I" represents power onand the "O" represents power off. This designation will sometimes be seen as I/O or as the "I" and "O" characters on top of each other as a single character.
NOW we will start to talk about How Does CPU Do? First of all, what is a CPU? CPU (also commonly called a microprocessor) stands for central processing unit. Its a very suitable name, because it describes exactly what the CPU does: it processes instructions that it gathers from decoding the code in programs and other such files. A CPU has four primary functions: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.
Fetch
In the first step, the CPU retrieves the instruction that it needs to run from program memory. Each instruction in a program (which contains millions of instructions) is stored at a specific address. The CPU has a program counter, which keeps track of the CPUs position in the program more specifically, the address of the instruction that the CPU is accessing.
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Decode
For this step, its important to know that no matter what code a program is written in, the compiler for that specific language breaks the code down to Assembly Language. Assembly language is a language that the CPU understands, but may vary between different CPUs. From there on, an assembler translates Assembly Language into binary code, which the CPU can manipulate to execute the
instructions it is given.
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Execute
Based on the instructions it is given, the CPU can then do one of three things: 1) Using its Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), the CPU can calculate extremely complicated mathematical functions; 2) Move data from one memory location to another; 3) Jump to different addresses in the program based on decisions made by the CPU itself. The diagram above shows the setup of an extremely simple microprocessor capable of performing these actions.
Writeback
Typically, each of the actions taken by the CPU produces some sort of output. The CPU takes this output and writes it into the computers memory. For example, if a program wanted to execute the first item of the list above on two operands, 3 and 5, the output, 8, would be written back into a specific address. However, for the 3rd bullet, the program counter (which, as stated above, is used to keep track of the CPUs progress through a program) simply changes to reflect the start of the next set of instructions.
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When these four steps have been completed, the Program Counter moves onto the next instruction and repeats the entire process again, until the termination of the program.
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Another important component of a CPU is called the clock. The clock produces a signal that acts to synchronize the logic units within the CPU as they execute the instructions given in a program. In the diagram above, the purple line represents the signal of a clock as it is being inputted into a logic unit. For every time the line goes from low to high, and back to low (one cycle), an instruction is carried out. Thus, the CPU Clock speed refers to the number of times that a CPUs clock cycles per second. Typical computers have a clock speed around 2.8 GHz (Gigahertz), which means that the clock cycles 2.8 billion times a second, and executes an equivalent number of instructions! Now, even though this seems like an incredible amount of information processed, a CPU operating solely on the technology explained above would still be slow, if it were not for parallelism, and multi-core technology. But Ill leave that for later, as Ive just given you a great deal of information to digest. Now, youre a little closer to learning how processors work, and to to gauging which processor is best for your needs. In Part 2, Ill explain more in depth about the technology that goes into dual- and quad-core technology, and what claims such as Hyper-threading mean. Ill also introduce the concept of overclocking a CPU (the practice of increasing the clock rate of a CPU to increase its performance and speed). What CPU does your computer have? Have you ever thought about overclocking your computer?
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