PRACTICAL FILE

Of

Numerical Methods in Engineering

PTU Giani Zail Singh Campus Bathinda

SUBMITTED BY: Name-Gurjinder Singh Roll No.100311129870 Mechanical 5th Semester

[Link].

TOPIC To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Bisection Method. To find the root of Transcendental Eqn using Bisection Method. To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Regula-Falsi Method. To find the root of Transcendental Eqn using Regula-Falsi Method. To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Newton-Raphson Method. To find the root of Transcendental Eqn using Newton-Raphson Method. To find the solution of Simultaneous Equations using Gauss Elimination Method. To find the solution of Simultaneous Equations using Gauss Jordon Method. To find the value of f(x) from the given data using Lagranges Interpolation Method. To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn using Eular Method. To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn using Runge- Kutta Method of 2nd Order.

Page No.

Signature

1.

1-3 4-5 6-8 9-10 11-12 13-14

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

15-17

8.

18-21

9.

22-24

10.

25-27

11.

28-29

[Link].

TOPIC To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn using Runge- Kutta Method of 4th order To fit the straight line (y=ax+ b) on given data using method of least squares. Fit the Curve ( y=ax2 +bx +c ) on given data using method of least squares To fit the Exponential Curve(y=aebx)on given data using method of least squares.

Page No.

Signature

12.

30-31

13.

32-34 35-38 39-40

14.

15.

Aim Program :

: To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Bisection Method.

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float f(float x); int p,q,r,s,n; void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^3:"; cin>>p; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^2:"; cin>>q; cout<<"enter the coff. of x:"; cin>>r; cout<<"enter the constant term:"; cin>>s; for(int i=-15;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(f(b)<f(a)) {temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } cout<<"\n"<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { c=(b+a)/2; cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<c<<"\t"<<f(c)<<endl; if(f(c)<0) a=c; else b=c; } } } getch(); } float f(float x) { return(p*x*x*x+q*x*x+r*x+s); }

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Que: Find Solution of Algebraic Eqn x3+x2-3x-3=0 using Bisection Method. OUTPUT:

ANSWER:

Solution of x3+x2-3x-3=0 is x=1.73206 (Correct up to 3

decimal places)

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Que: Find Solution of Algebraic Eqn x3-3x2-x+8=0 using Bisection Method. OUTPUT:

ANSWER:

Solution of x3-3x2-x+8=0 is x=-1.45673 (Correct up to 3

decimal places)

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Aim

: To find the root of Transcendental Eqn (3x-cosx-1=0) using Bisection Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> float f(float x); void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; int n; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(f(b)<f(a)) {temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } cout<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { c=(b+a)/2; cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<c<<"\t"<<f(c)<<endl; if(f(c)<0) a=c; else b=c; } } } getch(); } float f(float x) { return(3*(x)-cos(x)-1);
}

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Que OUTPUT

: Find Solution of Transcendental Equation 3x-cosx-1=0 using Bisection Method. :

ANSWER:
Solution of 3x-cosx-1=0 is x=0.607086 (Correct up to 3
decimal places)

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Aim

: To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Regula-Falsi Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float f(float x); int p,q,r,s,n; void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^3:"; cin>>p; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^2:"; cin>>q; cout<<"enter the coff. of x:"; cin>>r; cout<<"enter the constant term:"; cin>>s; for(int i=-10;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(f(b)<f(a)) {temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } cout<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { c=a-((b-a)*f(a)/(f(b)-f(a))); cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<c<<"\t"<<f(c)<<endl; if(f(c)<0) a=c; else b=c; } } } getch(); }

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7
float f(float x) { return(p*x*x*x+q*x*x+r*x+s); }

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Que: Find Solution of Algebraic Eqn 4x3+5x2-7=0

using Regula-Falsi Method.

OUTPUT:

ANSWER:
Solution of

4x3+5x2-7=0

is x=0.901813 (Correct upto six

decimal places)

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Aim

: To find the root of Transcendental Eqn (x+sin(x)-1=0) using Regula-Falsi Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> float f(float x); void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; int n; for(int i=-10;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(f(b)<f(a)) {temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } cout<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { c=a-((b-a)*f(a)/(f(b)-f(a))); cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<c<<"\t"<<f(c)<<endl; if(f(c)<0) a=c; else b=c; } } } getch(); } float f(float x) { return(x+sin(x)-1);
}

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10

Que

: Find Solution of Transcendental Equation x+sin(x)-1=0 using Regula-Falsi Method.

OUTPUT:

ANSWER:
Solution of x+sin(x)-1=0 is x=0.510973
(Correct upto six decimal places)

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11

Aim

: To find the root of Algebraic Equation using Newton-Raphson Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> float f(float x); float f1(float x); int p,q,r,s,n; void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^3:"; cin>>p; cout<<"enter the coff. of x^2:"; cin>>q; cout<<"enter the coff. of x:"; cin>>r; cout<<"enter the constant term:"; cin>>s; for(int i=-15;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(abs(f(b))<abs(f(a))) a=b; cout<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { a=a-(f(a)/f1(a)); cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<a<<"\t"<<f(a)<<endl; } } } getch(); } float f(float x) { return(p*x*x*x+q*x*x+r*x+s); } float f1(float x) { return(3*p*x*x+2*q*x+r);
}

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12

Que:Find Solution of Algebraic Eqn 2x3-7x2+x+3=0 using Newton-Raphson Method. OUTPUT:

Answer:

Solution of Eqn 2x3-7x2+x+3=0 is x=-0.549976

(Correct upto six decimal places)

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13

Aim

: To find the root of Transcendental Eqn (cos(x)-xex=0)using Newton-Raphson Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h > #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> float f(float x); float f1(float x); void main() { clrscr(); float a,b,c,d,temp; int n; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { a=i; b=i+1; if((f(a)*f(b))<0) { if(abs(f(b))<abs(f(a))) a=b; cout<<"enter the no. of iteration:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { a=a-(f(a)/f1(a)); cout<<"\n"<<i+1<<"iteration"<<"\t"<<a<<"\t"<<f(a)<<endl; } } } getch(); } float f(float x) { return(cos(x)-(x*exp(x))); } float f1(float x) { return(-sin(x)-x*exp(x)-exp(x)); }

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14

Que : Find Solution of Transcendental Eqn

OUTPUT:

cos(x)-xex=0 using Newton-Raphson Method.

Answer:

Solution of Eqn cos(x)-xex=0 is x=0.739085

(Correct upto six decimal places)

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15

Aim

: To find the solution of Simultaneous Equations using Gauss Elimination Method.

Program :
#include<stdio.h> #include<iostream.h> #include<iomanip.h> #include<math.h> #include<conio.h> #define n 3 main() { float a[n][n+1],x[n],t,s; int i,j,k; cout<<"enter the elements of the augmented matrix row wise "<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(j=0;j<n+1;j++) cin>>a[i][j]; for(j=0;j<n-1;j++) for(i=j+1;i<n;i++) { t=a[i][j]/a[j][j]; for(k=0;k<n+1;k++) a[i][k] -=a[j][k]*t; } cout<<"the upper triangular matrix is:-"<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=0;j<n+1;j++) cout<<setw(8)<<setprecision(4)<<a[i][j]; cout<<endl; } for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--) { s=0; for(j=i+1;j<n;j++) s += a[i][j]*x[j]; x[i]=(a[i][n]-s)/a[i][i]; } cout<<"the solution is:-"<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<"x["<<setw(3)<<i+1<<"]"<<setw(7)<<setprecision(4)<<x[i]<<e ndl; return 0; } [Link]/[Link] [Link]/PTUGZS

16

Que : Find the solution of following eqn by Gauss Elimination method 4x1+4x2+6x3 = 1 4x1+6x2+4x3 = 2 x1+2x2+3x3 = 1

OUTPUT:

Answer:
Solution of Eqns is

x1=-1 x2= 2 x3= 1

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17

Que : Find the solution of following eqn by Gauss Elimination method 4x1+3x2+9x3 =-2 7x1+2x2-2x3 = 5 x1+4x2+2x3 = 3

OUTPUT:

Answer:

Solution of Eqns is
x1= 0.2308 x2= 1.026 x3= -0.6667

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18

Aim

: To find the solution of Simultaneous Equations using Gauss Jordon Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<process.h> void main () { clrscr(); int i,j,q,c; float a[3][3],b[3],temp,k,d; cout<<"enter the values of matrix A|B (row wise):"<<endl; for(i=0;i<3;i++) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { cin>>a[i][j]; } cin>>b[i]; } for(q=0;q<3;q++) { i=q; temp=a[i][i]; if(temp==0) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { d=a[i][j];a[i][j]=a[i+1][j];a[i+1][j]=d; } d=b[i];b[i]=b[i+1];b[i+1]=d; } temp=a[i][i]; for(j=0;j<3;j++) { a[i][j]=a[i][j]/temp; } b[i]=b[i]/temp; for(i=0;i<3;i++) [Link]/[Link] [Link]/PTUGZS

19 { if(i!=q) { k=a[i][q]; for(j=0;j<3;j++) { a[i][j]=a[i][j]-k*a[q][j]; } b[i]=b[i]-k*b[q]; } } } cout<<endl<<"the matrix A|B will become :"<<endl; for(i=0;i<3;i++) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { cout<<" "<<a[i][j]; } cout<<" "<<b[i]<<endl; } cout<<"X= "<<b[0]<<endl; cout<<"Y= "<<b[1] <<endl; cout<<"Z= "<<b[2] <<endl; getch(); }

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20

Que : Find the solution of following eqn by Gauss Jordan method 2x+3y+z = 9 x+2y+3z = 6 3x+y+2z = 8 OUTPUT:

Answer:
Solution is X = 1.944 Y = 1.611 Z = 0.277

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21

Que : Find the solution of following eqn by Gauss Jordan method 2x-3y+10z = 3 -x+4y+2z = 20 5x+2y+z =-12 OUTPUT:

Answer:
Solution is X =-4 Y = 3 Z = 2

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22

Aim

: To find the value of f(x) from the given data using Lagranges Interpolation Method.

Program :
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int n,i,j; float mult,sum=0,x[10],f[10],a; cout<<"Enter no of sample points : "; cin>>n; cout<<"Enter all values of x and corresponding funtional value: "<<endl; cout<<"x f(x)"<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) cin>>x[i]>>f[i]; cout<<"\nEnter your x for calculation : "; cin>>a; for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++) { mult=1; for(j=0;j<=n-1;j++) { if(j!=i) mult*=(a-x[j])/(x[i]-x[j]); } sum+=mult*f[i]; } cout<<"The estimated value of f(x) = "<<sum<<endl; getch(); return 0; }

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23

Que : Find the value of f(2.8) from the given data

using Lagranges Interpolation Method.
x y 1 2 2 8 3 29 4 64

OUTPUT:

ANSWER:

The estimated value of f(2.8) = 23.648

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24

Que : Find the value of f(6) from the given data using
Lagranges Interpolation Method.
x y 1 1 2 5 7 5 8 4

OUTPUT:

ANSWER:

The estimated value of f(6)=6.23809

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25

Aim Program

: To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn (dy/dx = 2x+3y) using Eular Method. :

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float d1(float x,float y); void main() { double x0,xg,h,y0,yg; float n; int i; clrscr(); cout<<"enter the value cin>>x0; cout<<"enter the value cin>>y0; cout<<"enter the value cin>>xg; cout<<"enter the value cin>>h; n= (xg-x0)/h; cout<<"\n"<<"

of x0:"; of y0:"; of x:"; of h: ";

the value of n is :"<<n<<\n<<endl;

for(i=0;i<n;i++) { yg=y0+h*d1(x0,y0); x0=x0+h; y0=yg; cout<<" the value of y("<<x0<<") ="<<y0<<endl; } getch(); } float d1(float x,float y) { return((2*x)-(3*y)); }

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26

Que: Find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn

(dy/dx = 2x+3y),y(0)=0 using Eular Method at x=1.4

OUTPUT:

Answer:
value of y at 1.4 = 0.711475

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27

Que: Find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn

(dy/dx = x2/5y),y(0)=1 using Eular Method at x=0.5

OUTPUT:

Answer:
value of y at 0.5 = 1.00599

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28

Aim

: To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn (dy/dx = x2+y2)using Runge- Kutta Method of 2nd Order. :

Program

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float d1(float x,float y); void main() { double x0,xg,h,y0,yg,k1,k2,k; float n; int i; clrscr(); cout<<"enter the value of x0:"; cin>>x0; cout<<"enter the value of y0:"; cin>>y0; cout<<"enter the value of x :"; cin>>xg; cout<<"enter the value of h :"; cin>>h; n= (xg-x0)/h; cout<<"/n"<<"the value of n is :"<<n<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { k1=h*d1(x0,y0); k2=h*d1(x0+h,y0+k1); k=(k1+k2)/2; yg=y0+k; x0=x0+h; y0=yg; cout<<" The value of y("<<x0<<") ="<<y0<<endl; } getch(); } float d1(float x,float y) { return((x*x*x)/(2*y)); } [Link]/[Link] [Link]/PTUGZS

29

Que: Find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn (dy/dx = x3/2y),y(0)=1 using Runge-Kutta Method of 2nd Order at 0.5? OUTPUT:

Answer: The value of y at 0.5 is 1.00809

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30

Aim Program

: To find the solution of Ordinary Differential Eqn dy/dx = x + y2 using Runge- Kutta Method. :

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float d1(float x,float y); void main() { double x0,xg,h,y0,yg,k1,k2,k3,k4,k; float n; int i; clrscr(); cout<<"enter the value of x0:"; cin>>x0; cout<<"enter the value of y0:"; cin>>y0; cout<<"enter the value of x:"; cin>>xg; cout<<"enter the value of h:"; cin>>h; n= (xg-x0)/h; cout<<"\n"<<" the value of n is :"<<n<<endl; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { k1=h*d1(x0,y0); k2=h*d1(x0+(h/2),y0+(k1/2)); k3=h*d1(x0+h/2,y0+k2/2); k4=h*d1(x0+h,y0+k3); k=(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)/6; yg=y0+k; x0=x0+h; y0=yg; cout<<" } getch(); } float d1(float x,float y) { return(x+(y*y)); } the value of y("<<x0<<") ="<<y0<<endl;

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31

Que: Find approximate value of y for x=0.4 if

dy/dx = x + y2 and y(0)=1?

OUTPUT:

Answer:
The value of y at x = 0.4 is 1.78935

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32

Aim

: To fit the straight line (y=ax+ b) on given data using method of least squares.

Program :
#include<iostream.h > #include<conio.h> void main() { clrscr(); float x[10],y[10],s1=0,s2=0,s3=0,s4=0,a,b; int i,n; cout<<"Enter the number of values:"; cin>>n; for( i=0;i< n;i++) { cout<<"x"<<i<<"="; cin>>x[i]; cout<<"y"<<i<<"="; cin>>y[i]; } for( i=0;i<n;i++) { s1=s1+x[i]; s2=s2+y[i]; s3=s3+x[i]*y[i]; s4=s4+x[i]*x[i]; } a=(s1*s2-n*s3)/(s1*s1-n*s4); b=(s4*s2-s1*s3)/(n*s4-s1*s1); cout<<endl<<"Y= "<<a<<" X + "<<b; getch(); }

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33

Que: Fit the straight line (Y=aX+ b) on given data

using method of least squares.
x y 0.5 15 1.0 17 1.5 19 2.0 14 2.5 10 3.0 7

OUTPUT:

Answer:
Eqn of straight line is Y=-3.77143 X + 20.2667

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34

Que: Fit the straight line (Y=aX+ b) on given data

using method of least squares.
x y -4 1.2 -2 2.5 0 3.2 2 7.8 4 13.2

OUTPUT:

Answer:
Eqn of straight line is Y=1.45 X + 6.24

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35

Aim Program

: To fit the Curve ( y=ax2 +bx +c ) on given data using method of least squares. :

#include<iostream.h > #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> void main() { clrscr(); float x[10],y[10],a[3][3],b[3], k,temp ; float s1=0,s2=0,s3=0,s4=0,s5=0,s6=0,s7=0; int n,q,i,j; cout<<"Enter the number of values:"; cin>>n; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { cout<<"x"<<i<<"="; cin>>x[i]; cout<<"y"<<i<<"="; cin>>y[i]; } for(i=0;i<n;i++) { s1=s1+x[i]; s3=s3+y[i]; s2=s2+x[i]*x[i]; s4=s4+x[i]*x[i]*x[i]; s5=s5+x[i]*x[i]*x[i]*x[i]; s6=s6+x[i]*y[i]; s7=s7+x[i]*x[i]*y[i]; } a[0][0]=n; a[0][1]=s1; a[0][2]=s2; b[0]=s3; a[1][0]=s1; a[1][1]=s2; a[1][2]=s4; b[1]=s6; a[2][0]=s2; a[2][1]=s4; a[2][2]=s5; b[2]=s7; for(q=0;q<3;q++) { i=q; [Link]/[Link]

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36 temp=a[i][i]; for(j=0;j<3;j++) {a[i][j]=a[i][j]/temp; } b[i]=b[i]/temp; for(i=0;i<3;i++) { if(i!=q) { k=a[i][q]; for(j=0;j<3;j++) { a[i][j]=a[i][j]-k*a[q][j]; } b[i]=b[i]-k*b[q]; } } } cout<<"Y = ("<<b[2]<<")X^2 + ("<<b[1]<<")X + ("<<b[0]<<")"<<endl; getch(); }

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37

Que: Fit the Curve ( Y=aX2 +bX +c ) on given data

using method of least squares.
x y -2 17 -1 19 0 22 1 26 2 30

OUTPUT:

Answer:

Solution is Y=(0.359143)X2 +(3.3)X +(22.0857)

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38

Que: Fit the Curve ( Y=aX2 +bX +c )on given data

using method of least squares.
x y -3 3 0 1 2 1 4 3

OUTPUT:

Answer:

Solution is Y =(0.178462)X2 -(0.192495)X +(0.850518)

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39

Aim

: To fit the Exponential Curve(y=aebx)on given data using method of least squares.

Program :
#include<iostream.h > #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> void main() { clrscr(); float x[10],y[10],s1=0,s2=0,s3=0,s4=0,a1,b1,a,b; int n; cout<<"Enter the number of values:"; cin>>n; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { cout<<"x"<<i<<"="; cin>>x[i]; cout<<"y"<<i<<"="; cin>>y[i]; } for( i=0;i<n;i++) { s1=s1+x[i]; s2=s2+log(y[i]); s3=s3+x[i]*x[i]; s4=s4+x[i]*log(y[i]); } a1=(s3*s2-s1*s4)/(n*s3-s1*s1); b1=(s1*s2-n*s4)/(s1*s1-n*s3); a= exp(a1); b=b1; cout<<"Y= ("<<a<<")e^("<<b<<")X"<<endl; getch(); }

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40

Que: Fit the Exponential Curve(Y=aebX) on given data

using method of least squares.
x y 1 145 3 137 5 129 7 114 9 100 11 97 13 84 15 76

OUTPUT:

Answer:

Solution is Y=157.282e-0.0473462X .

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