GEOLOGYFORCIVILENGINEERS
2-CE A
Group9
Rocks
module6
Group Members
DJ MIKHAIL ASH DHAN
2 IgneousRocks 3
outline
1 Definition ofRocks MetamorphicRocks 4
Sedimentary Rocks
5 RockCycle
Rocks
Rocksarenaturallyoccur
ringsolid aggregatesor
massesof minerals,
mineraloids,ororganic
material that
makeuptheEarth’s crust.
ion
igneous METAMOR
Rocks SEDIMEN PHIC
classificat TARY ROCKS
ROCKS
rateof solidificationof lavaonthesurfaceofEarth.
Theycanbecomeglassyinappearancedue to less
crystallization or vesicular like Scoria, due to
Igneous the air that
whentheysolidifyandform
theearth.
was trappedinside
onthesurfaceof
Rocks Igneous rocks
form from thecoolingand
hardeningof molten magna. intrusive Rock
Theserocks can form This type of igneous rock is formed from the
byslowlycoolingbeneaththesurfa solidification of magma below the surface.
ceor morequicklyat thesurface. They have large crystals of minerals that
formed over time through a slow process of
Extrusive Rock crystallization in magma.
Granite,diorite,andperidotiteareexamplesof
This typeof igneous rock is formedthroughfaster this typeof rock.
intrusive
granite
peridotite
diorite
EXTRUSIVE
SCORIA
obsidian
basalt
togetherof sediments.
Theserocks canbeformedfrom
erosionand weatheringofother
rocks. CHEMICAL
sedimentar It is formed whendissolved
materialsprecipitatefrom solution.
y rocks CLASTIC
ORGANIC
It is formedfrom the mechanical
Sedimentaryrocks form weatheringdebrisof rocks. Formedfrom
bythecompactionandcementing thebuild-upofplantoranimaldebris.
s epyt
SEDIMENTARY
CLASTIC
CHEMICAL
SANDSTONE ORGANIC
coal
ROCK SALT
metamorphic Rocks
Heat isaprimaryagent in
Metamorphic rocks form when minerals metamorphism. It facilitates the
recrystallizationof minerals,often
inanexistingrockare
without meltingtherock.
changedbyheatandpressurebelow
thesurface.
Meta
change
pressure
Along withheat,pressureplaysacrucial rolein
Morphe metamorphism. Its
form,appearance, shape causedeformationandreorientationof
how metamorphic rocks minerals.
form
heat
how methamorphic rocks form
methamorphism
the rock cooler “the rock”
Parent rock methamorphic rock is
undergo methamorphism
(existing rock: igneous, sedinemtary or formed!!
methamorpic)
IGNEOUS TO METAMORPHIC METAMORPHIC
METAMORPHIC metamorphic TO
sedimentary TO
graNITE sandstone slate
GNEISS quartzite phylite
classification
foliated non-foliated
Ithasnofoliationorbands.
Formedthroughpressureduetocompre
ssionof rocks that createbands
calledfoliation.
Examplesof this typearehornfels,
marble,quartzite,and novaculite.
Examplesaregneiss,phyllite, schist,andslate.
foliated
gneiss
slate
schist
non-foliated
marble
horefels
quartzite
Therockcyclehasnobeginningo
Rock rend.
Crystallization-as the
Cycle magmacoolsdifferent crystals
form atdifferent temperatures.
volcanic activity
Erosion & deposition- weathering
Naturalprocesses Erosion
wearsdownrockson
likeerosionchangerocks from D pos o
e iti n
onetype toanotherall thetime.
Thisprocess
typicallyoccursvery slowly.
heat & pressure
isexposedtoextremeheatand
pressurebutdoesnot meltbecomesa
metamorphic rock.
melting
Earth's surfaceintosmallerpieces.
Metamorphism -arockthat
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