[Link].

: 82219
Educate Elevate Enlighten

ISS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
JSS
$CIENCE AND
SRI
JSS SCIENCE

JAYACHAMARAJENDRACOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ECHNDLOOY University
ÜNIVER9ITY Cofllege of JSS Science and Technology
Constituent

BLUE BOOK
Maximum Marks
CIE CO5
CO2 CO3 CO4
Event No. CO1
eiish5
Name... 1

2
Roll No..056 .Sem.... Sec.
3
Course Code &aME330 4
5
USN No. osT 240 ME400 Total

Course Outcome Statements

CO1

CO2
CO3

co4 TLlsfate the Problen -Solvins re edre ehted toe

CO5
Final CIE
CIE Marks Scored
Date CO5 Max. Score
Event No. CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4
1

4
5
Total

CO
Attainment

Name: Name

Signature of the Student Sign. of the Faculty Sign. of the HOD.

 1

Event-o

)Derine the tollo wingr

a Puse Substance

t Consta nt
'Pe A

cheial
o.a Substance is

compositionn
aa substanee
th sou9h out

its moass

b) Satusation tempesutuei The press use at hich

place i4 Calles satsation

Vupoisation aMes

pressuse.

d) Satuhated iayudi Liayuid at the Satsation

ateCohespoding to the Satatien

te pPes

Satuation li'yuid
phesse S Called

)8atuation phessue The Paessaeiat Vapoui5ation tard

Place i Called Sat w, ation Pesss#

e) Wet vapogi The mit

mjctae ot Saturoted liyd a
dy Vapo w diny the Phase chanye is calle)

wet rafo

6) 0y Vofoui Vapow that has jwt

temfeatse
completed
ot the
e Va poation. Pressue e

Satu ation Vaue.

ahe the
Vafous
 2
9) Supea heated Vapsus Va pou whose tempesatuse

is aseates than the Satsation temfesa

Comhespohdiny to the press wse of the Vafou

i3 Called Supes heated Va po

n) Vea see of Super het The tem wsed bo the

amount by which the

nuheilal
tempesate oa supes heated Vafou

Screeds Rhe Satetion temeh atue

) ompaessed liaid
tha
Called

Hhe
: degaee

Liid
qtu
o

whose

ction
Supes

lenferate
h eat.

tenmpoateiy caled
lowey t

Cevnlued liqd

) Sub-cooled iadt The tempehade t the liquid wde

On Cooli becoe lawe thas te
Sutaion tempoAlae bo the9iven peJa
called a Sub cooled liVuid

Vey
tigtlg Super [Link] when waei het
e

|
|2)
te
wet
tu
Stewmr
hoilins

Condeyate
t
Point

reWke
occswhen
Cwates
e then Vafore with attibal he

nSated Eteam e
nole cales areneed
 Sten
toepo hose tempsathe

geates

m)Supes heated stecmi When Steem is heated atte it ha

become daéSatuted,it;a Called Supeheted Stes

n) Sensible heat! It is dekined a the het abso led

by lrig o4 Watea When it i heated om De bei

Point) to boiling foint.

Latent heat i):I4i the anot ot heat hevsed to coes

Wate at ca gien tehpe utue a

le lree
eaeswe in to et
Steom wt

the fome
Barme tempate & pesse.
paesG e Ie eprestd by Sy bol

P Total heath) It i deidia the eyaty o haat

neyuiied to covet |hg ot wates at ocinto

wet steam a Constant phesSte. It i Sum
tet u heati o wate Hhe latet & tis
Sum is adso Caled enthalp9.
halpy
h-h t Dchsg.
v) Oegree oy Sure heat: It is the dierence b/w
He tempea Supes heated Steam Satatom
tepesate etat to the given eaese so
the desee ot Spes heated tsaf -ts
 4

a) Orgness tsaction The tem dgstetiom i

wH wet stea tis detined a te

2elated

hatio o the mas o actal dy ste to

the ma Stea Cotainiy tItid

Jpaessed by the Symbol 'c h y

mstmw
Paticley in tewn.
S) oiticat oint i Telimit o dytenction bb aa llad

€) Tniple fointi The ony state ot which the Solid,

liaid Vafous eui libai
is Clled iple peint

a) tied Tempeatune The tenipet t le

above which Vapoa or the Subs tance Can't
be ho
iauei'ed. dtes how mch piessweie afP

v) Coutical prese: The Vapos ressue ot a d

at theCtical temperetae adove whicA detinet

phaes do not [Link].

 55
W) Two Prope ta Gule The
The t state yt pe ba
given mat Can be tisced
on a
Subsfance
in fentie ropot
Sfeuitying fhe two indefendet
wli baiun
When Sytem is in ea,
is in
by
)Steoh Calosimete: A colorimetea
that bnctiong
o a Knowh
measing the Condetion
Mas sfeam

2) SKetch explan the& bollowiy

solid line
pu diag aam ot wate; Satuhted
-Caitcad point
Sokdtl:yut
W

Taple foint

Pressue kaud+ Vaos

Soli
Sol:d t vapou
Sat salel
Volume
('yud lines

above bgue that state change oy wa

The Shows

Whee
all e
Volume
Satvsaded
decaeae
Sli
n

state
melting. The line
a i celed '
all the Satu
pathine

Satte
tha

Sol;d lsne. The lines Pating thaush

hepet to Sol;di ti Catio
Ste4 with
 & Vopo9u's ation 91es petively re noWn a

Setuhated liauid linas & the ine thsough al!

5 is the Sadoted eo
Satuated Vapos tate

line. The satustod iyd Iine with hespect to

& the Satustell Vapous line incl ibe

Va posisation

tods each othes & ton Vafoua done .The two

meet f contical state

b) P-T dig an ot watesi

Liauid
kusion hase
(e)>
Cuhwe
Cuve valoisatten
Solid
Phase on TA:Ple
Pont
Paesse
Subliat;
Cuve phase

Tempetuset)
Th'y diaan i
ia also Calkd as phase diogram Sne

thhee phaes (o-exit in ee/ lbiwThe dl

Tugee phoes ae sepahated kon each othes by

thsee nes, The Sb lination lihe Septey tue

the Vopoiatin ine sefsal

liyid usi bny
olid
liaey
hegion. These thsee phases
liqud e Vapou
Peint, Whes
al le

Cwaves meet at a tiple

Vapoiata
Co-ext ih eauili briy. Thie
thee phae no distida
Pont be canje
CAitical the
above
b, livd e Vapo Phoey
Gan bea made

uticad point.o
C) T-V di'asan ot wate:

CAtial

90

Tempetuo

Satuted
Vafous line
Sattted
liysine

Volwme >
 The phase change pocess ok wat wder To

Con be repeted Gon diuesct presases, fut fd a

proces ses in T-V dia gram: A line connecte

all Va pous states are Conheded

00 he p Satuated

ie Cheate Satated Stete line. When pes

Va pou

becemes So high as coticad pressse (en) the Sat

|Vapoua line When Pressue becones .So high as Gte
the Sutnated liayid state & the Satusated
Vapot
State bo Come s aa sinde Point in Tu dia gram Called

Caitical bo wate fc eyale to a2.09

Point,
nea i Tea Eo 37u. l4'e .At aess ue above the cH
PeSsuhe thee will not be a dustinet Phase. Thes

Satusated liid ine Satated vVapous Line div'de

dhe The TV diaga
egion ot into thgee hegions )
Sub Coo led liwid 2e9ion Satus ated iqid - Vafous
negion Supes, he ated Vafou egion.
 99

d)
d -h cLa g Aam ok Wutes

heatin

de6) Ts A evelosdie
se
Terpe

Ladent
Serytble hedt Supet

eneth
(h) Heat addition

The above 6ige he present T-h diagham Gon pue

Watea. Tn T-h diagam the ahe hegony in Whct

Rwo phases, et Rogethes, In he hegion b/ the

Sutwaded igiA line & Satusated Va pou lhe.

Aepresents the aea of he two phaes e>ia tiy at

the Some tine Also ver tical distance b/

Satwation ihes hep%e sents the latent tha

ott

Vaponisation.

IE
T the Qe watea eists at AC.e, 2he Sahsated livid
Line) ik ehe anount 8r heat added À s eaual to laten
 10
heat hen the wates Would
ob Vapoaisation, change

itt phase bhem

brom a Sat usated liud to a
Sutsated
Vapous (on A to 8).

The qy ha ity ot mitue at dny oint tn

Vapous nesion Can be tound by.

e) T -s diaga Ct wates

Caitial
Point

vafo
9egion
iad
vapoueGi
Cwatea steom)
feictup

Tem

oui Solid Valous ae9ce sfeg)

A T-S diagaan i8 a tyfe ot diagham most 69eayets

uzed to e eness tate S5rtn cyles
 |11

By the desinition o& entep dhe heat tahye

to on 6co a System eayualy to asea wn desT-s cus
G6 the pr pcess.A T-s diagam ot
bove Gigwe Shows
Poe wates I edtbits Gare keatuses ay V

digronns
Ln the lauid V apous egioy in Ge, wates
Steam esists to gethes, Fox erample at foink A, wate
Wth anentsofu (St)aiven by foint B, exist tosethu
(Th stean wih an e nte u (s<) aien by Point C. he

Vuolt M mictse at any oint in the liud Vafos

by the bollowjy
hegion Canbe tound wsing

helation Ship

S= S +(-x)s -xS-S6
whee S= specibic enthe 0t nicte,

Sg SpeLit'c entopy ot Satated vapoa

SG-sfibe entopy ot satted liuh
Spec'g'e entaolyichange ot Vafosi
 12)

3) Sheth &eplain the tollo wing

a) Thao tthg Caloai metea

1he thaottling Calorimetes is Show in Figwse ?

t16
lhe steam Sample enteg nto the Sampling telel

Ot a Yhess
Zts Psesswe ia meassed with t help

qhase (p). The steam ia pased thsoghja 2hotte

ValVe (c) E is llowed. to exfand fo
to
c lower yesss
The stear Comina shomm the thsle Valve i4 in the a
Supes he ated State, The phessune ky temesatue o 4
thaottled steam ae measad with the help o
a manometes D) a thesnomete E) hes pectively
(he aeadings as5e noted bo a Stedg State Cendit
The whole set- up is in Suated pessectly heat
neglected .The Supes heated Stean eaves
&

he Chan
loss

al f.

Let p, huage Paessuae ot Seam be koe thoot

Gaction of Steam,
X, 0ry ness
lai Atmosphenc Pressue NIm
T= Satuhetion tempeatuhe ot ste (betoe
 (13

thaottte

ha
) at
tent
(e, t fa)
heat Ot steam (bekose thootMe) at (
tea)

hw = huage aessue o steam leaving the throttle

ValWe cm Hal.

ab
hu
t
I3-6 76 xi)
Stea m laftes thott
Satation te mpesa Huae OE
se

o satureted stear at psessseP

hon: Tb tal heat

Cfa SpecLic heat ot Supeghe ated Steam

meaSus ed by thesmc
Steam
lsup, - Temperate of
abtes thgettling

This i's a thaottlng phocess i.e,isen thalfing Pr8c ess)

hence enthalpy beose abter thoottk ia Sane

h,=he
This is asteadg State p9cess, hence
KE P Changes ahene lected

-Ise)=ha
 h9, tPs (Tsu--ht,
hs.
Only ulhen doug ness oacton
This method is tesed

moge than 0.9 (90%)

Ste is
the

Somplintabe
Ehe mnete
Thaote
Vawe

Chambe
Wetes
Chambes mahomete

Stemtoehat

Fig ?.16 ThaetHing caloites,

 |15

b) Sepaating k Thgottling Calosimetes

ontol
Voe
Prcssuse Theemomeie,

Th aottle
volve
Steam
ire
2

m Onometa
Wodesjon
Wooteh

Seraiat Condenses
Sepai
Cloamete
wade
69Valve wale
In Condensate coled

ombined Sepaating & throtting Calormeteaiz Shown

th igi 7.1?. The S tean Sam ple entess into fhe
Sam ply tube(A), The steomis passed Ehaough the

Desbonted thay (&). The wates is sepasated baom

the steam due tothe ineh tia os the,dsoplets. The
Semining Pot ob thesteam endens ito the asttin Cals

-nete (D) aogh the thBottle Vave (c).

 16

The Sieam gets Sapeaheate)ates, te thaottlig

Pr0cess. The Supes heated sfea is CondenSe in tlhe

Condensea(E)

Let
W, Amount ok the wates Sepahate

in the Separating calgsimetes (mass o

doy Pat Sepaated in the Sepasiny

Caloainetes 4 eneiny into the thottling

Caloimetes)
Va
Amont 6 he Steam Conden sed in fhe Conde

-Sed at tes the hatlling Calorimeter.

Jeo Actual dyness khaction ot tem Sampe
S

SC,= APParent dryess faaction Ot steam assums

the steam Coming out ot Seauting Calos;
-tes i3 Compk tely dhy e is given by

whehe

Ie y ness 6raction ot sten endeing the Alfek

Caloinetes.
Euthalp ot seam tefoe Áhsottle
he

4tes thaoft
hEnthalpy ot Steam
te

hto Latent heat ot sleer besere throttleotl

 17
hyg, Total heat ot Stated Steun at Pessae
(at

Is, S atusated feabuhabe L Steam beyore hoott

at [Link])
se Satsation tempe Dhatuae t Stecm
(Sug = Supea heati temmpeaue at to thsotting

he = ha(becanse, thsott ing poo ess)

-hgs t,, GSupy- T..)

X4ihg t Cp:(Tsup, -Ts)-hbe

X lo3
36 16

short note ont

a) steam Tablesi

The opert'es water aae anaenged in the

Steam tables as tunctions [Link] ¿ temperntus

Serasate tables ahe Prouded to give fhe Profestes
Bk wates in the Sa tusaton States & in the ligud
t, Vapou phases. The inte Ahal eneagy e SatateJ
wates at the Esple Point is asbituity chose n to
 18)

Eo be zeaa Since h= utpv, the enthapy

Satated water at O.o1 iz sligktly
poist

Shall valle O6 CPu) Eenm TLe

Deaye cOt tho

wates is abo
of Stusated
at Hae tiple Poit

Zu Chgiueesing Paotemkoa aag

Profesties seqd ahe(Pessrel,7(fea

V olumie), u (intenal
enesgy), h (enthals)&
S(entops).These P50reties
dieet
yust be Knon ot
-hic Poresswe to
bo aheyin the eno dy

ot these [Link] Va
p90festies ahe dete mined
leohetil
experinenty and
|hichie
tatles
Known as esteam
which ae
are tablated

Tables .The
nowh a stewn
1he Psopes ties oL ,
1wet Stean [Link]
hee then
Pao
com peltcd Suet
tabdted, data. Tablated Valwes are Such
(om
ayo avi
Goh Supe heated stean. Lt mag be neted that
Sten has oly one Satsion fempeatae ot each
 19)

laessue,

followjng e the he, molyhamie P9ofea fies oe

Steam wwth coe tabulated in the bog, o fable

p- Absolate psessuse (ba a Mpa)

ts= Satston tepe,ate (
hg enthalps latet heet t vapoaisotion

hg enhalpy ot satg ated vafout (sfeamre)

Ss= Entropy ot Satsated id T/rg h)
Sty= entaopy ob Veqous isation (I/nGK)
Sg = thopy ot Satated Uafous (Steam) Ia
V -Specisic Volme ot Sat ated id
Alse
hto hg -ht (Change et enthaesdiy elop
Stg Sg- St (chengept ehtoPycing evaforatb

Vsg Uy-Ve Change ot volwme ding evaparatio)

The cboue mentioned Pugesties t digteent pase

are tabloted n the om of tableg a cnde
(he sntenal ehegy ot sfecm e = h-pu) s so

tabulated n Sone Steam tables.

 20)

|Absol
|Sfecitic enthale SPeite entrofa SPeib Vole
Temfeat
Paes

h hgSt St9Ss
\.0 99.GW7s|8aS9 a634 |.36G.0SH |73598loodol36934

So,o a639 ls4q 163? 27992fao6 305 S493s| D.cO1a86 |o.000394

lo0.o 3||| ko1.034.222?:3360529s35 612 0.0d45ool3|I

Stean Tables

Cot
b Molien chant
2805 bas

looo
7
h
Khy
Sat.s

lihe
bay
Enthalpy,
Soba
Caitical Re P=lo

Lineokconst.
Poit Patbax O9ess
Poob [Link]

Ento
 21

O91, Rch asd

olliesin 1904,Conaved the idaa
J
plofing total heat againgt entroy hiy diaiu
more widely uged han ny otles, entoy cisje

Since the woa done on Uofouy cy Uep Con be salod

Lines ot Cong tont pressuse aeindiated by Pf

ctc, lies t Cons tot tempesate by T,Te,ete
>Ang two indeendt 9e fes,ties which afpear on
Rho chat re suttiGeut to detine the s tate

Ln the Supes heat segion, Paessure

Can deyie the state

gè3 desins the Phepesties t all point, dliy

dn isentsepic b he to States

The dlngtages

Veticl lines rephresent Sevesible Processes &

honiontl linee epesent Conta enesgy. Powe
genesatien le Setigeetion cudes ase most
 22

oniniently e psresented on hs dingrns becau

Wonl con be Calcuated dihety

diytances af op pod o aeas, on T-s &Pvdia,

Reyeene BoorS

4) 'nwag Basic Arelied Thesno diynmics.