TECHNICA
L
SPECIFICA
TIONS
& SCOPE OF WORK
PREPARED BY:
CONCURED BY:
Technical Specification Contents:
Civil Works 1
Mechanical Works 2
Electrical Works 3
Plumbing Works 4
Fire Protection Works 5
Part 1
Civil Works
Technical
SECTION A
PREPARATION OF SITE
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE OF WORK
The Work includes furnishing all labor, materials, tools and equipment required
for the preparation of the Site prior to construction.
1.2 SUBMITTALS
A. Detailed working drawings.
1.3 PROTECTION
The Contractor shall exercise the greatest care in protecting existing structures
and piping while proceeding with work under this Section. All repairs required
because of damage from the Contractor’s operations shall be at the expense of
the Contractor and no claims for additional payment will be accepted.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
Not Used
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING
A. Except as otherwise directed, cut, grub, remove and dispose of all trees,
stumps, brush, shrubs, roots, paving and any other objectionable material
within the construction limits shown on the Drawings. All stumps, brush and
roots shall be grubbed, removed from the site and disposed properly and
legally.
B. Protect the area beyond the limits of grading shown on the Drawings and
any trees designated by the Engineer from damage by any construction
operation by erecting suitable barriers or other approved means.
C. Strip topsoil from all areas to be occupied by buildings, trenches, roadways,
the sludge lagoons, and all other areas to be excavated or filled. Avoid
mixing topsoil with subsoil and stockpile it in areas on the site as approved
by the Engineer. Topsoil shall be stockpiled free from brush, trash, large
stones and other extraneous material. Any topsoil remaining, after all work
is in place, shall be disposed of by the Contractor as directed by the
Engineer.
** END OF SECTION **
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SECTION B
EXCAVATION, BACKFILL, FILL, GRADING AND SLOPE PROTECTION
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE OF WORK
The Work includes furnishing all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals
necessary to perform all excavation, backfilling, filling, grading, and slope
protection as shown on the Drawings.
1.2 RELATED SECTIONS
Other Sections of the Specifications shall also apply to the extent required for
proper performance of this Work.
Section 33001 Site Preparation
Section 33003 Yard Piping
Section 33004 Roadways and Paving
Section 33006 Loaming and Seeding
Section 33007 Waste Water Disposal System
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
Except as otherwise indicated, the current editions of the following Standards
apply to the WORK of this Section:
ASTM D698 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Standard Effort
ASTM D1556 Density of Soil in Place by the Sand Cone
Method
ASTM D1557 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Modified Proctor Test
ASTM D2487 Classification of Soils for
Engineering Purposes
(Unified Soil Classification System)
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Proposed methods of construction including dewatering, excavation,
sheeting, bracing, filling, compaction and backfilling for the various portions
of the project.
B. Samples as required by the applicable Reference Standards and under Part
2 – PRODUCTS of this Specification.
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1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Contractor is responsible for the performance of all tests and inspection
required by this Standard Specification. However, the owner reserves the right
to perform any or all prescribed tests and inspection where such is deemed
necessary to ensure that materials conform to the specifications, and to be
paid for by the Contractor.
1.6 PROTECTION
A. Sheeting and Bracing – General
1. The Contractor shall furnish, put in place and maintain such sheeting
and bracing as may be required to support the sides of excavations, to
prevent any movement which could in any way diminish the width of the
excavation below that necessary for proper construction, and to protect
adjacent structures from undermining or other damage. If, in the opinion
of the Engineer, sufficient or proper supports have not been provided,
additional supports shall be put in at the expense of the Contractor. The
Contractor is responsible for the sufficiency of such supports. Care shall
be taken to prevent voids outside of the sheeting, but if voids are
formed, they shall be immediately filled with compacted granular fill and
rammed.
2. The Contractor shall leave in place all sheeting and bracing which the
Engineer may direct him in writing to leave in place at any time during
the progress of the Work for the purpose of preventing injury to
structures, utilities or property, whether public or private.
3. All sheeting and bracing not to be left in place shall be carefully
removed in such a manner as not to endanger the construction of other
structures, utilities or property. All voids left or caused by withdrawal of
sheeting shall be immediately refilled with compacted granular material
by ramming with tools especially adapted to that purpose, or by other
means as approved.
4. The right of the Engineer to order sheeting and bracing left in place shall
not be construed as creating any obligation on his part to issue such
orders, and his failure to exercise his right to do so shall not relieve the
Contractor from liability to damages to persons or property occurring
from or upon the work occasioned by negligence or otherwise, growing
out of a failure on the part of the Contractor to leave in place sufficient
sheeting and bracing to prevent any caving or moving of the ground.
5. No wood sheeting shall be withdrawn if driven below mid-diameter of
any pipe, and under no circumstances shall any wood sheeting be cut
off at a level lower than one foot above top of any pipe.
B. Pumping and Drainage
1. The Contractor shall at all times during construction, provide and
maintain proper equipment and facilities to remove all water entering
excavations. Excavations shall be kept dry so as to obtain a satisfactory
undisturbed sub- grade foundation until the fills or structures to be built
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thereon have been completed to such extent that they will not be
floated or damaged by allowing water levels to return to natural levels.
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2. Dewatering shall at all times be conducted in such a manner as to
preserve the undisturbed bearing capacity of the sub-grade soils at
proposed bottom of excavation.
3. The Contractor shall maintain the water level below the bottom of
excavation in the various work areas continuously. The Contractor’s
proposed method of dewatering, if required, shall be approved by the
Engineer.
4. Water entering the excavation from surface runoff shall be collected in
shallow ditches around the perimeter of the excavation, drained to
sumps, and be pumped or drained by gravity from the excavation to
maintain a bottom free from standing water.
5. The Contractor shall take all additional precautions to prevent uplift of
any structure during construction. All such arrangements shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer.
6. Drainage shall be disposed of in an approved area only so that flow or
seepage back into the excavated area will be prevented.
7. Floatation shall be prevented by the Contractor by maintaining a
positive and continuous removal of water. The Contractor shall be fully
responsible and liable for all damages that may result from failure to
adequately keep excavations dewatered.
8. Removal of dewatering equipment, if required, shall be accomplished
after the system is no longer required; the material and equipment
constituting the system shall be removed by the Contractor.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A. General
1. Excess materials which have been excavated and stockpiled in selected
areas on the site which meet the Specifications shall be used as much
as possible for fills.
2. For both materials obtained on site and for materials obtained off-site,
the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the source of the material
and shall furnish the Engineer for approval, a representative sample
weighing approximately 25 kilograms, at least ten calendar days prior
to the date of anticipated use of such material. Samples shall be
resubmitted as required until approval is obtained.
B. Fill
1. Common Fill
Common fill may be obtained from on-site excavated material if
approved by the Engineer or from off-site sources. Common fill shall
consist of mineral soil, substantially free of clay, organic material, silt,
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loam, wood, trash, and other objectionable material which can not be
compacted properly.
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Common fill shall not contain broken concrete, masonry, rubble, asphalt
pavement, or other similar materials. It shall have physical properties
such that it can be readily spread and compacted during filling.
Common fill shall not contain stones larger than 250mm in any
dimension, nor stones larger than 150mm in the upper 0.50 meter of fill.
Not more than 30% shall pass a No. 200 sieve. The liquid limit of the
fraction passing a No. 40 sieve shall not exceed 50%.
2. Structural Fill
Structural fill shall be furnished and placed as required to replace
materials encountered and found unsuitable below foundation elevation
of structures; or when foundation elevation is set above existing grade
as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer in writing. Structural
fill shall be used below all structures that have under drains as shown on
the Drawings.
Structural fill shall consist of suitably graded clean sands or gravel-sand
mixtures belonging to Group Symbol SW or GW of the Unified Soil
Classification, ASTM D2487. Particles shall be sound and not more than
15% shall pass the No. 200 sieve, nor more than 50%, the No. 40 sieve.
The composite material shall be non-plastic and free from organic
matter, clay lumps, or other deleterious materials.
3. Granular Fill
Granular fill material shall consist of hard, durable, free draining sand
and gravel or hard stone; shall be free from organic matter or other
deleterious substances and shall be reasonably well-graded within the
following limits:
Size Per Cent by Weight
Passing
75mm (3 in.) 100
0.60mm (No. 30) 0-20
0.15mm (No. 100) 0-5
4. Screened Gravel
Screened gravel shall consist of hard, durable, rounded or sub-angular
particles of proper size and gradation, and shall be free from sand,
loam, clay, excess fines, and deleterious materials. Screened gravel
shall be graded within the following limits:
Sieve Size Per Cent by Weight
Passing
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16mm (5/8 100
in.)
13mm (1/2 40-100
in.)
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10mm (3/8 in.) 15-45
2.0mm (No. 10) 0-5
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 STRIPPING AND GRUBBING
Before any fills are placed or any paving or construction started, the area of all
such work shall be stripped and grubbed of all top organic materials to a
minimum depth of 150mm. Any weak, loose, soft, spongy, or otherwise
unsuitable materials shall be removed from the site, and may be deposited in a
spoil area, as directed by the Engineer, but shall not be used in any on-site
fills.
3.2 EXCAVATION
Excavation shall include, without classification, the removal of all materials of
whatever nature encountered, including all obstructions of any nature that
would interfere with the proper execution and completion of the Work. The
removal of said materials shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the
Drawings.
The Contractor shall furnish, place, and maintain all supports and shoring that
may be required for the sides of the excavations, and all pumping, ditching, or
other approved measures for the removal or exclusion of water, including
taking care of storm water reaching the site of the Work from any source so as
to prevent damage to the Work or adjoining property.
Excavations shall be sloped or otherwise supported in a safe manner in
accordance with the latest applicable safety requirements of the Department
of Public Works and Highways and as approved by the Engineer.
A. Excavation Below Grade
1. If the bottom of any excavation is taken out below the limits specified
on the Drawings, or directed by the Engineer, it shall be refilled at the
Contractor’s expense with concrete, compacted structural fill, or other
material satisfactory to the Engineer.
2. Compacted structural fill, when used for refill, shall be placed in not
greater than 150mm layers.
B. Structure Excavation
1. Excavation for structures to be founded on base slabs and footings are
intended to be carried to undisturbed natural soil of suitable approved
bearing capacity. If, upon uncovering and in the opinion of the Engineer,
the material at or below the normal grade of excavation as indicated on
the Drawings, is unsuitable for the support of structures, such material
shall be over excavated and replaced with compacted structural fill. The
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Contractor will be paid based on unit price established in the Schedule
of Bid Prices.
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2. Excavation, including removal of rock and boulders, shall be made to
such lines and grades as will give suitable room for buildings and
structures, for bracing and supporting, pumping and draining, and to the
limits indicated on the Drawings. The bottom of the excavations shall be
rendered firm and dry and in all respects acceptable to the Engineer.
3. Excavation and dewatering shall be accomplished by methods which
preserve the undisturbed state of subgrade soils. Subgrade soils which
become soft, loose, “quick”, or otherwise unsatisfactory for support of
structures as a result of inadequate excavation, dewatering or other
construction methods, shall be removed and replaced by compacted
structural fill at the Contractor’s expense.
4. Dewatering shall be such as to prevent boiling or detrimental under
seepage at the base of the excavation. The Contractor shall install such
means as required to preserve the stability of the base of the
excavation.
5. Excavating equipment shall be satisfactory for carrying out the work in
accordance with the Specifications.
6. When excavation for foundations has reached prescribed depths, the
Engineer shall be notified and he will inspect conditions. If materials and
conditions are not satisfactory to the Engineer, the Engineer will issue
instructions as to the procedures, and if additional costs are involved,
adjustments of the Contract will be made on the basis of unit prices
agreed upon by the Engineer and the Contractor in accordance with the
provisions of the Contract Documents.
C. Miscellaneous Excavation
The Contractor shall perform all the remaining miscellaneous excavation.
He shall make all excavations necessary to permit the placing of loam and
plants, for constructing roadways, and any other miscellaneous earth
excavation.
3.3 FILL AND COMPACTION
A. General
1. Fills shall be placed as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. Where embankments are to be placed and compacted on
hillsides, or to be placed against existing embankment, or to be built
one half at a time, the slopes of original hillsides, existing
embankments, or new fill shall be cut into or benched in order to
accommodate each layer of new work a horizontal distance of not less
than 1.5 meters. Materials thus removed shall be spread and compacted
with the new materials.
2. Compaction shall be performed as specified hereinafter for the
particular materials and operations:
a) A pass shall be one complete coverage of the area to be compacted
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by the rear wheel tire treads or tractor treads in contact with the flat
earth surface.
b) Areas adjacent to structures and other areas inaccessible to a roller
or truck shall be compacted with approved mechanical compaction
equipment. Compaction of the fill by such means shall be to the
same degree of compaction as obtained by other approved
equipment. The Engineer may
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make the necessary tests to determine the amount of compactive
effort necessary to obtain equal compaction. The fill compacted by
mechanical compactors shall be placed in 150mm layers and
thoroughly tamped over the entire surface. Compaction equipment is
subject to approval by the Engineer.
3. The surface of filled areas shall be graded to smooth true lines, strictly
conforming to grades indicated, and no soft spots or un compacted
areas will be allowed in the Work.
4. Temporary bracing shall be provided as required during filling and
backfilling of all structures to protect partially completed structures
against all construction equipment loads, hydraulic pressures, and earth
pressures.
B. Placing Structural Fill
1. After all unsuitable materials have been stripped and removed, the area
to be filled shall be compacted by rolling using pneumatic tire rollers or
tandem rollers of capacity approved by the Engineer. Moisture content
of the material in situ should be dry to the optimum. The Engineer shall
conduct density test on the compacted base. At least 95% of modified
proctor maximum density (ASTM D1557, Method C) must be attained.
2. Fill shall be spread by graders or bulldozers and compacted in layers not
thicker than 150mm.
3. Compacted structural fill shall be placed and compacted as specified
laterally to the limits defined by a 1 on 1 line sloped outward and
downward from a point at least 0.7 meters outside the bottom edge of
all footings.
4. Water shall be added by means of sprinklers to each layer in amounts
that will bring the fill material to its optimum density. Compaction will
not be permitted on completely dry materials.
5. A minimum of two coverage is required for each layer. The Engineer
may, during the progress of the work, conduct tests as to the degree of
compaction of the fill and may require additional passes when density of
the fill has not reached 95% of modified proctor dry density (ASTM
D1557, Method C).
6. In areas inaccessible to the large rollers, hand-held tampers shall be
used in which case, maximum layer heights shall be 0.15 meter when
compacted or as required to achieve 95% of modified proctor dry
density.
C. Backfilling – Common Fill
1. Common fill may be used as backfill against the exterior walls of
structures or in other areas as designated by the Engineer. Common fill
materials shall be placed in layers having maximum thickness of
300mm measured before compaction. Moisture content of the material
at the start of compaction shall be at or near optimum.
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2. Common fill shall be compacted to at least ninety per cent of maximum
density as determined by ASTM D698.
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3. Materials placed in fill areas shall be deposited to the lines and grades
shown on the Drawings, making due allowance for settlement of the
material and for the placing of loam thereon.
4. The surfaces of filled areas shall be graded to smooth true lines, strictly
conforming to grades indicated on the grading plan. No soft spots or
uncompacted areas will be allowed in the Work.
5. No compaction shall be done when the material is too wet either from
rain or from excess application of water.
3.4 GRADING
A. Grading in preparation for placing of loam, planting areas, paved walks and
roadways, and appurtenances shall be performed at all places that are indicated,
to the lines, grades, and elevations shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. All material encountered of whatever nature within the limits
indicated, shall be removed and disposed of. During the process of grading, the
sub-grade shall be maintained in such condition that it will be well drained at all
times. When directed, temporary drains and drainage ditches shall be installed
to intercept or divert surface water that may affect the condition of the Work.
B. If at the time of grading, it is not possible to place any material in its proper
section of the permanent structure, it shall be stockpiled in approved areas for
later use. No extra payment will be made for the stockpiling or double handling
of excavated material.
C. The right is reserved to make minor adjustments or revisions in lines or grades,
if found necessary as the work progresses, due to discrepancies on the Drawings
or in order to obtain satisfactory construction.
D. Stones or rock fragments larger than 100mm in their greatest dimensions will
not be permitted in the top 150mm of the finished sub-grade of all fills or
embankments.
E. In cuts, all loose or protruding rocks on the back slopes shall be barred loose or
otherwise removed to line or finished grade of slope. All cut and fill slopes shall
be uniformly dressed to the slope, cross section, and alignment shown on the
Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
3.5 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE/SURPLUS MATERIALS AND ROCKS
A. Unsuitable excavated materials shall be removed from the immediate site
of work and disposed of by the Contractor on the Owner’s land as directed
by the Engineer.
B. Suitable excavated material may be used for fill or backfill, if it meets the
specifications for common fill. Excavated material so approved may be
neatly stockpiled at the site where designated by the Engineer provided
there is an area available that will not inconvenience traffic or adjoining
property owners. If space limitations do not permit stockpiling on the site,
the Contractor will be required to make arrangements for off-site
stockpiling. Transport of such material from and to the immediate site,
including any stockpiling agreements, shall be entirely at the Contractor’s
expense and shall not constitute grounds for additional payment.
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C. Surplus excavated material shall be used to fill depressions or other
purposes as the Engineer may direct.
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D. The Contractor shall remove and dispose of all pieces of rock which
are not suitable for use in other parts of the Work. Rock disposed of
by hauling away to spoil areas is to be replaced by approved surplus
excavation obtained elsewhere on the Work, insofar as it is available.
Any deficiency in the backfill material shall be made up with
acceptable material approved by the Engineer.
E. Fragments of ledge and boulders smaller than [Link] may be
used in backfilling trenches and other deep fills. If, in the opinion of
the Engineer, the quantity is excessive, he may order the removal
and disposal of some of this rock. The small pieces of rock used as
backfill shall not be placed in trenches until the pipe has at least 0.7
meters of earth over it. The Contractor shall place these pieces of
stone in thin layers, alternating them with earth to be sure that all
voids between the stones are completely filled with earth to prevent
the occurrence of voids and settlement which will result there from.
F. Rock may be used for fill only with the approval of the Engineer.
3.6 COMPACTION/FIELD DENSITY TESTS
Field density tests shall be performed in accordance with the test
procedure specified in ASTM D1556.
The location and frequency of field tests shall be at the discretion of the
Engineer. Necessary tests shall be performed by the Engineer for
acceptance of a compacted layer before attempting to place new fill
material. Any layer or portion thereof that does not meet minimum
compaction requirements shall be reworked and re-compacted until it
meets the specified density requirements as determined by the
Engineer.
** END OF SECTION **