SREE NARAYANA GURU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANDTECHNOLOGYPAYYANUR-670307
(Affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and
Approved by AICTE New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

APJABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

2023

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

HEART RATE MONITOR

Presented by

HANEENA SULTHANA

SOORAJ SURESH V O

THEJASREE TK

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ABSTRACT

Heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure monitoring are very important parameters of

human body. Doctors use various kinds of medical apparatus like thermometer for checking fever

or body temperature, BP monitor for blood pressure measurement and heart rate monitor for heart

rate measurement. In this project, we look forward in building an heartbeat monitor which counts

the number of heartbeats within a desired time. Using a heartbeat sensor module which senses the

heartbeat upon putting a finger on the sensor to make a Smart Health Monitoring Device that can

measure SpO2 (percentage of oxygen in the blood) and heart rate in BPM (Beat per Minute).

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CONTENT

1 Introduction 5

2 Literature Review 6

3 Block Diagram & Explanation 7

3.1 Block Diagram 7

3.2 Block Diagram Explanation 8

4 Components 9

4.1 MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter 9

4.2 NodeMCU ESP8266 10

4.3 OLED Display 11

5 Circuit Diagram & Explanation 12

5.1 Circuit Diagram 12

5.2 Circuit Diagram Explanation 13

6 Software Section 14

6.1 Flowchart 14

(a) Hardware Section Flowchart 14

(b) Software Section Flowchart 15

6.2 Flowchart Explanation 16

7 Features 17

7.1 Advantages 18

7.2 Disadvantages 19

7.3 Future Scope 19

11 Conclusion 20

Appendix

Program

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CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION

Over the last 20 years, heart rate monitors (HRMs) have become a widely used training aid
for a variety of sports. The development of new HRMs has also evolved rapidly during the
last two decades. In addition to heart rate (HR) responses to exercise, research has recently
focused more on heart rate variability (HRV). Increased HRV has been associated with lower
mortality rate and is affected by both age and sex. During graded exercise, the majority of
studies show that HRV decreases progressively up to moderate intensities, after which it
stabilizes. There is abundant evidence from cross-sectional studies that trained individuals
have higher HRV than untrained individuals . Heart rate data can be really useful whether
you're designing an exercise routine, studying your activity or anxiety levels or just want your
shirt to blink with your heart beat.

Monitoring heart rate is very important for athletes, patients as it determines the condition of
the heart (just heart rate). There are many ways to measure heart rate and the most precise
one is using an Electrocardiography. Heart rate is the number of heart heats per unit of time,
typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm)

Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete C02 changes, such as
during exercise or sleep. The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to
assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions. It is also used by individual, such
as athletes, who are interested in monitoring their heart rate to gain maximum efficiency from
their training.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
The five methods taken into consideration for the literature review of our project are
discussed below.

This paper describes the working of a wireless heartbeat and temperature monitoring
system based on a microcontroller ATmega328 (arduino uno). Most monitoring systems
that are in use in today’s world works in offline mode but our system is designed such
that a patient can be monitored remotely in real time. The proposed approach consists of
sensors which measures heartbeat and body temperature of a patient which is controlled
by the microcontroller. Both the readings are displayed in LCD monitor. Wireless system
is used to transmit the measured data from the remote location. The heartbeat sensor
counts the heartbeat for specific interval of time and estimates Beats per Minute while the
temperature sensor measures the temperature and both the data are sent to the
microcontroller for transmission to receiving end. Finally, the data are displayed at the
receiving end. This system could be made available at a reasonable cost with great effect.

Nowadays, most electronic devices are wireless, and most industrial sectors also have
already adopted industrial 4.0. This Arduino and NodeMCU ESP8266 Heart Rate
Monitoring Robot helps to continually observe users remotely. People remain at home,
avoid others, and change routine activities such as school and work in ways never
imagined. The aim is to reduce direct human contact. This project will use a robot to
automatically monitor the heart rate of patients at a hospital or clinic. The heart rate
measuring code is written in Arduino IDE and uploaded to the Arduino UNO and
NodeMCU ESP 8266 boards. The data will be transferred to the cloud for doctor
monitoring.

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Detection of any disease of any patient is the only main solution with the help of
electronics devices patient can check our heart rate and oxygen level reading. If any
problem has not human being then lifestyle has also increased. But if people have any
type disease occurred in body then first doctor test and then start the treatment. If people
will have any that type of electronics checking device then doctor will not be need to
checking the human body problem, then doctor can directly start the treatment basis of
device reading. So cardiovascular disease is very dangerous type disease for human being
by this human being can be died within second. This main problem is solved by doctor by
treatment if patient reach on time. This work gives a proper system, with the help of that
system patient can control our disease by himself that means there is no need of paying
extra money for checking heart beat and oxygen level because all reading will have then
his treatment directly started no time loss for treatment This research aim is that gives
that type idea of idea for designing a device which is useful for normal human. If any
device cost is very low and gives a efficient result then any person can take benefit. It
design is different other type device, in which Node MCU technology and LCD display
and a latest sensor max30100 is used. It will be display on LCD screen, alert by an
message which will be sent through mobile phone to the doctor and oxygen level will
also display on screen

This paper describes the design process of a low cost and portable microcontroller based
heart-rate counting system for monitoring heart condition that can be implemented with
off-the-shelf components. The raw heart-rate signals were collected from finger using IR
TX-RX (Infrared Transmitter and Receiver pair) module which was amplified in order to
convert them to an observable scale. Extending the concept we have replaced Arduino
board with NODE MCU. In this extension we have used Thing Speak and created a
private channel. In that channel updating of heart rate at regular intervals is done. If it
crosses a particular limit or threshold limit it will be send to a concern doctor. This
technique can be used in remote areas. The results obtained using the developed device
when compared to those obtained from the manual test involving counting of heart rate
was found satisfactory. The proposed system is applicable for family, hospital, clinic,
community medical treatment, sports healthcare and other medical purposes

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Recently, the world has been hit by COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly about every country
has been devastated as they lack a proper health infrastructure. India is one such country
where overpopulation is the key reason not everyone has access to medical facilities and
are therefore forced to home quarantine. IoT is an ingenious technology which opens a
new digitized path in terms of data storage and processing in today’s medical world to
provide the healthcare systems with the best networking techniques. In this present paper,
the authors have created a framework of body temperature, oxygen saturation level
(SpO2), BPM (heart rate) and air quality sensors based innovative smart disease
surveillance system with amalgamation of nodeMCU. The obtained output is displayed
on the LCD display and additionally with the aid of IoT-cloud based app (blynk) the
doctor can monitor real time health data. Also, a key feature named Report generates and
sends the readings in CSV/Excel format. The health parameters of the proposed prototype
have a maximum deviation of 1%, is cost-effective, portable, reliable and high
functionality as compared to the commercially available one.

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CHAPTER 3

BLOCKDIAGRAM&EXPLANATION

3.1 BLOCKDIAGRAM

The block diagram of a Heart rate monitor using NodeMcu is shown :

Pulse sensor

I2C OLED
Communication
Node display

MCU
POWER SUPPLY

Fig 3.1 Block Diagram

DDFGG

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3.2 BLOCKDIAGRAMEXPLANATION

The principle behind the working of the Heartbeat Sensor is Photoplethysmography.

According to this principle, the change in the volume of blood in an organ is measured by
the changes in the intensity of the light passing through that organ. With these two i.e. a
light source and a detector, we can arrange them in two ways: A Transmission Sensor and a
Reflective Sensor. In a Transmission Sensor, the light source and the detector are place
facing each other and the finger of the person must be placed in between the transmitter and
receiver. Reflective Sensor, on the other hand, has the light source and the detector adjacent
to each other and the finger of the person must be placed in front of the [Link] input
for this circuit is taken from finger tip whenever the finger is placed on the pulse sensor it
calculates the heart rate based on amount of blood flowing display it in OLED display.

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CHAPTER 4

COMPONENTS
4.1 MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter

The MAX30100 pulse oximetry & heart- rate monitor sensor is a low-power, I2C-
basedplug & play biometric sensor for detecting pulse oximetry & heart-rate signals. This
sensor includes two LEDs like RED & IR LED, a photodetector, modifiable optics & low
noise signal processor to detect heart pulse rate signals. On the right side of this sensor, two
LEDs are available whereas on the left side, it has a sensitive photodetector. This sensor is
used in various medical & industrial equipment like fitness measurement devices, wearable
instruments & medical devices.

Fig 4.1 MAX30100 Pule Oximeter

This sensor module configuration can be done through software registers & this module’s
output data is simply stored within 16 FIFOs on this module. This pulse oximeter sensor
communicates with different microcontrollers through the I2C interface. In this sensor
module, the pulse measurement system includes a 16-bit ADC, a time filter & cancellation
of ambient light.

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Working of MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor

The device has two LEDs, one emitting red light, another emitting infrared light. For pulse
rate, only the infrared light is needed. Both the red light and infrared light is used to
measure oxygen levels in the blood. When the heart pumps blood, there is an increase in
oxygenated blood as a result of having more blood. As the heart relaxes, the volume of
oxygenated blood also decreases. By knowing the time between the increase and decrease
of oxygenated blood, the pulse rate is determined. It turns out, oxygenated blood absorbs
more infrared light and passes more red light while deoxygenated blood absorbs red light
and passes more infrared light. This is the main function of the MAX30100: it reads the
absorption levels for both light sources and stored them in a buffer that can be read via I2C.

Pin Configuration:

The pin configuration of the MAX30100 pulse oximeter sensor is shown below. This sensor
includes pins and each pin is discussed below.

Pin1 (VIN): This pin provides a power supply to the sensor.

Pin2 (SCL): This pin is the I2C serial CLK pin.

Pin3 (SDA): This pin is the I2C serial data pin.

Pin4 (INT): This is an interrupt pin that is pulled HIGH through the onboard resistor
although when an interrupt takes place, it goes LOW until it clears.

Pin5 (IRD): It is an infrared LED cathode & also a connection point of the LED Driver.

Pin6 (RD): It is a Red LED cathode & connection point of the LED driver.

Pin7 (GND): This is a ground pin and it is connected to the source GND pin.

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4.2 NodeMCU ESP8266

ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC is embedded with the memory controller, including SRAM and
ROM.

Fig 6.1 Flowchart

Node Microcontroller Unit is named as NodeMCU which is open source software and
firmware that is built around System- on-Chip (SoC) called the ESP8266. The ESP8266 is
designed and manufactured by Express. It contains the crucial elements like CPU, RAM,
networking (Wi-Fi) NodeMCU is an open source platform for IOT development. It includes
firmware which is necessary to run ESP8266 and hardware which are based on ESP-12
module. Some of its advantages relative to Arduino are low cost, reduced physical size, lower
energy consumption and integrated support for Wi-Fi networks. Both its firmware and
prototyping board designs are open source. The Lua scripting language is used for scripting.
It is also programmed using an Arduino IDE. NodeMCU is the brain of our system, all the
sensors are connected to the nodeMCU and the data received from various sensors are
computed, analysed, display the SpO2 and BPM on LCD and then send all the data to the
cloud. So authorized person i.e. doctor could read the vitals readings.

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4.3 ORGANIC LEDs

‘OLED’ stands for Organic Light-Emitting Diode - a technology that uses LEDs in which the
light is produced by organic molecules. OLED displays feature great image quality - bright
colors, fast motion and most importantly - very high contrast. OLED displays are made by
placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors. When an electrical current is
applied, a bright light is [Link] displays are made by placing a series of organic thin
films between two conductors.

Fig 4.3 OLED Display

When an electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted OLED display is a small, low-
power display that uses the I2C protocol to communicate with a microcontroller board. the
I2C interface requires only two data lines (SDA and SCL) to transfer [Link] (Organic
Light Emitting Diode) technology allows the display to emit light without a backlight,
resulting in deeper blacks and higher contrast ratios than traditional LCD displays.

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Interfacing MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter with NodeMCU ESP8266 and I2C 0.96″ OLED
Display.

Both the MAX30100 & OLED Display has common I2C Pins. So connect their SDA pins
to D2 & SCL pins to D1 of NodeMCU ESP8266 Board. The power supply required by
OLED Display & NodeMCU is 3.3V. So connect their VCC terminal to 3.3V of
NodeMCU.

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CHAPTER 5

CIRCUITDIAGRAM&EXPLANATION
5.1 CIRCUITDIAGRAM

Fig 5.1:CircuitDiagram

5.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

The circuit diagram consists of 2 Parts – NODE MCU and PULSE SENSOR Upload the
code to NodeMCU and Power on the system. The NodeMCU asks us to place our finger in
the sensor and press the switch. Place any finger (except the Thumb) in the sensor clip and
push the switch (button). Based on the data from the sensor, NodeMCU calculates the heart
rate and displays the heartbeat in bpm. While the sensor is collecting the data, sit down and
relax and do not shake the wire as it might result in a faulty values. After the result is
displayed on the OLED display, if you want to perform another test, just push the rest
button on the circuit board and start the procedure once again. Connections is as follows
NodeMCU 3.3v is connected to positive terminal of the pulse sensor and ground of the
NodeMCU is connected to negative terminal of pulse sensor.

3
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CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARESECTION

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains

a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload
programs and communicate with them.

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code to the
Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such as
Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here,
IDE stands for Integrated Development [Link] program or code written in the
Arduino IDE is often called as sketching. We need to connect the Genuino and Arduino
board with the IDE to upload the sketch written in the Arduino IDE software. The sketch is
saved with the extension '.ino.'

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are
written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has features
for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while
saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the
Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other information. The
bottom right hand corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port. The
toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches,
and open the serial monitor.

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6.1 FLOWCHART

6. 1 (a) Hardware Section Flowchart

Start

Sensor Pulse Initialization

NO
Connection
IOT

YES

Reading the heartbeat

Displaying the data on OLED display

End

Fig 6. 1 (a) Hardware Section Flowchart

6.1(b) Software Section Flowchart

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start

Initialize Serial

Initialize OLED

Initialize MAX30100
pulse Oximeter

NO
Initialization
Successful

Display “FAILED”on serial

print
YES

Update MAX30100 sensor

Get BPM and spO2

Readings

NO
Initialization
Successful

YES

Print BPM and SpO2

to Serial Monitor

Display BPM and SpO2

on OLED screen

End

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CHAPTER 7

FEATUR
7.1 ADVANTAGES

 giving a clear indication and evaluation of the condition of cardiovascular system

during physical activity

 The device is portable, durable hence could be used by any individual in the proposed
region even if not a cardiologist.

 It can be easily used by individual for lifestyle analysisThis device could be used in
clinical and nonclinical environments

7.2 DISADVANTAGES

 Limitation to accurately measure heart rate through tattooed skin.

 Heart rate monitors cannot distinguish accurately between light and moderate
intensity activities.
 Distance with skin and sensor effects

7.3 FUTURE SCOPE

In the future, IoT can make the healthcare industry more efficient, accurate, and cheaper. It
can also help in developing more patient-oriented and customized equipment. Moreover,
IoT will also help patients to have hassle-free visits to hospitals, easy treatments, and access
to more and more information . For IoT applications, we have successfully built equipment
to test oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Both data are sent to the cloud successfully and
are widely accessible through sites

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CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
we interface MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter with NodeMCU ESP8266. We monitor the Blood
Oxygen & Heart [Link] pulse oximeter available in the market is very expensive, but
with this simple & low-cost pulse oximeter module, we can make our own device. So we
make MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter with [Link] process of a low cost and portable
microcontroller based heart-rate counting system for monitoring heart condition that can be
implemented with off-the-shelf [Link] proposed system is applicable for family,
hospital, clinic, community medical treatment, sports healthcare and other medical purposes

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REFERENCES

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
nodemcu-esp8266/

[Link]

[Link]

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APPENDIX

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PROGRAM

include <Wire.h>

#include "MAX30100_PulseOximeter.h

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"

#include "OakOLED.h"

#define REPORTING_PERIOD_MS 1000OakOLEDoled;

// Connections : SCL PIN - D1 , SDA PIN - D2 , INT PIN - D0

PulseOximeter pox;

float BPM, SpO2;

uint32_t tsLastReport = 0;

const unsigned char bitmap [] PROGMEM =

0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x18, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xf9, 0xff,
0xc0, 0x7f, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0,
0xff, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x7f, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x7f,
0x9b, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x3b, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xf9, 0x9f, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0xfd, 0xbf, 0xc0, 0x1f,
0xfd, 0xbf, 0x80, 0x0f, 0xfd, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x07, 0xfe, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x03, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0x00,
0x01, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0x00,
0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00};

void onBeatDetected(

{[Link]("Beat Detected!");

[Link]( 60, 20, bitmap, 28, 28, 1);

[Link]();

voidsetup()

[Link](115200);

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[Link]();

[Link]();

[Link](1);

[Link](1);

[Link](0, 0);

[Link]("Initializing pulse oximeter..");

[Link]();

pinMode(16, OUTPUT);

[Link]("Initializing Pulse Oximeter..");

if (![Link]()) {[Link]("FAILED");

[Link]();

[Link](1);

[Link](1);

[Link](0, 0);

[Link]("FAILED");

[Link]();

for (;;);

else

[Link]();

[Link](1);

[Link](1);

[Link](0,0);

[Link]("SUCCESS");

[Link]();

[Link]("SUCCESS");

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[Link](onBeatDetected);

// The default current for the IR LED is 50mA and it could be changed by uncommenting the
following line.

//[Link](MAX30100_LED_CURR_7_6MA);

}void loop()

[Link]();

//[Link]();

BPM = [Link]();

SpO2 = pox.getSpO2();

if (millis() - tsLastReport> REPORTING_PERIOD_MS)

[Link]("Heart rate:")

;[Link](BPM);

[Link](" SpO2:");

[Link](SpO2);

[Link](" %");

[Link]();

[Link](1);

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[Link](1);

[Link](0, 16);

[Link]([Link]());

[Link](1);

[Link](1)

;[Link](0, 0);

[Link]("Heart BPM");

[Link](1);

[Link](1);

[Link](0, 30);

[Link]("Spo2");

[Link](1);

[Link](1);o

[Link](0, 45);

[Link](pox.getSpO2());

[Link]();

tsLastReport = millis();

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