GUINOBATAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Mauraro, Guinobatan, Albay
MODULE 3
LESSON 2
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
Lesson 2:
Managing and Caring
for the Self
Prepared by:
ELLEN GRACE P. LORETE-AÑONUEVO
Instructor
PREFACE
Knowing the "self "is not enough. Since "you are" is partly made up of your choices you must also
have the ability to choose especially to be better "you". There are several techniques that you can adapt
depending on your situation and preferences to make you a better learner. Learning should not just mean
studying for your quizzes and exams in school. Learning could also acquire outside classroom or even
outside school. A certain hobby or skills, your favorite sports are some examples that you want to enhance
and acquire techniques. However some techniques or new ways on how to study better will be discovered
and rediscovered. What important is you learn how to learn these things at this moment.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain how learning occurs.
2. Enumerate various metacognition and studying techniques.
3. Identify the metacognitive techniques that you find most appropriate for yourself.
LESSON PROPER
We are Homo sapiens or "wise man". We think more complex. But being called wise man not only
about how we think, how you process information and how you utilize techniques while you are studying.
By this you have higher chance of improving your learning process than those who do not reflect on their
methods. This idea falls under metacognition. Metacognition is defined as "thinking about thinking"
(Livingston 1997, Papaleontioulouca 2003).
It is the awareness and limitations of your current knowledge and skills (Meichenbaum 1985 in
American Institute Research 2010). By this metacognition enables the person to adapt their existing
knowledge and skills to a learning task, seeking for the optimum result of the learning experience.
Metacognition is not limited to thinking process of the individual. It includes : keeping ones emotion
and motivations while learning .
Some people learn better because:
They like the topic.
They challenge by the topic.
They have reward system after finished task.
The emotional and motivation state is the ideal state for that person in order to further facilitate his learning.
TWO ASPECTS OF METACOGNITION:
1. SELF-APPRAISAL means is your personal reflection on your knowledge and capabilities .
2. SELF-MANAGEMENT is the mental process you employ using what have in planning adapting in a
successfully learn to or accomplished a certain task .
METACOGNITION ELEMENTS:
1. METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE what you know about how you think.
Variables that affect how you know as a thinker:
A) First the personal variables which is your evaluation to your strength and weaknesses in learning
B) Secondly the task variables this is what you know and what you think about the nature of the task and
the task requires.
C) Lastly refers to what strategies or skills you already have in dealing with certain task
2. METACOGNITIVE REGULATION means on how you adjust your thinking process to help you learn
better.
According to Waterloo Student Success Office here are Metacognitive skills:
1. KNOWING YOUR LIMITS - it is very important here to be honest and accurate evaluation of what you
know and what you do not know.
2. MODIFYING YOUR APPROACH - It begins with recognition that your strategy is not appropriate with the
task or that you do not comprehend the learning experience successfully.
3. SKIMMING - This is basically browsing over the material and keeping an eye on keywords, phrase or
sentence. It is also about knowing where to search for such key terms.
4. REHEARSING - This is not just all about repeatedly talking ,writing or doing what you have learn but
trying also to make a personal interpretation or summary of your learning experience.
5. SELF-TEST - This is to test your comprehension of your learning experience or skill you have acquired
during learning.
OTHER STRATEGIES:
asking questions about your methods
Self-reflection
finding a mentor or support if necessary
thinking out loud
"welcoming errors" for clarification
Having more positive towards mistakes
You can identify four types of metacognitive learners such as:
1. "tacit" learners who are unaware of their metacognitive process although they know the extent of their
knowledge .
2. "aware" those who learners know some of their metacognitive strategies but do not plan on how to use
these techniques .
3. "strategic" those who strategize and plan their course of action toward a learning experience .
4. "reflective" learners reflect on their thinking while they are using the strategies and adapt metacognitive
skills depending on their situation .
The goal of metacognition is for the student to be a self-regulated learning ie, the education should not be
limited by the capabilities of the teachers, in short, you should have the capability to study things on your
own as well as accurately evaluate our progress.
14 INTELLIGENT BEHAVIORS
Performance can be greatly influenced by one‟s behavior. Behavior is defined as the manner in
which a person conducts himself in different circumstances.
Here are the following 14 intelligent behaviors indicative of an efficient and effective problem-solver,
many of w/c were originally compiled by Costa [2000]:
1. Persistence – not giving up
2. Overcoming impulsiveness – involves planning, clarifying, exploring, and
considering
3. Listening to others – listen to another person
4. Flexibility in thinking
5. Metacognition – awareness of how one is thinking
6. Checking for accuracy and precision
7. Questioning and problem-posing
8. Applying past knowledge to new situation
9. Precision of language and thought – provide criteria for value judgments
10. Using all the senses
11. Creativity – applying ingenuity, originality and insight
12. Living w/ a sense of wonderment –behave in an inquisitiveness, curiosity, openness to beauty, intricacy,
complexity and simplicity
13. Cooperation
14. Sense of Humor
Possessing many of these intelligent behaviors is an advantage in the corporate world. Business
firms looks not for knowledge and experience, but also for efficiency and effectiveness.
Other tips that you can use in studying are the following:
1. Make an outline of things you want to learn
2. Break down the task in smaller and more manageable details
3. Integrate variation in your schedule and learning experience.
4. Try to inculcate your ideas.
5. Revise, summarize and take down notes the reread them to help you minimize cramming in the last
minute
6. Engage what you have learned.
Important reminder: "Utilize and adapt the appropriate techniques in whatever learning experiences you are
about to accomplish and find enjoyment and success in learning
..."Constant practice makes things perfect.”
ACTIVITY 1:
Create a diagram or schedule using at least 5 of the metacognitive strategies, skills and studying
techniques mentioned in this lesson on how you would prepare for the next days before the final
examination.
ACTIVITY 2:
1. In your own understanding, explain the 14 Intelligent Behaviors.
2. What is the importance of 14 Intelligent Behaviors?
3. In 14 Intelligent Behaviors, choose 3 intelligent behaviors that describe yourself.
REFERENCES:
J. Dunlosky, KA Rawson, EJ Marsh, MJ Nathan, & DT Williamhang (2013)
Improving Students’ Learning with Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions from Cognitive and
Educational Psychology. Psychological Science in Public Interest
Locke, E (2002). Setting Goals for Life and Happiness. In Snyder and Lopez (eds) Handbook of Positive
Psychology.
Neff, K. (2012) The science of Self Compassion.
[Link]
Article of Michael Tan at [Link]
Urdan (1991) The Achievement Goal Theory: Past Results, Future Directions, Advances in Motivation and
Achievement.
Zimmerman, B (2002) Becoming Learner: Self-Regulated Overview. Theory into Practice.
Prepared by:
ELLEN GRACE P. LORETE-AÑONUEVO
GE 1 Instructor