INVERSION

ĐẢO NGỮ CÁC CỤM TỪ “NO”

[Link]/Not + N + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ
Eg : Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in a tragedy.
[Link] no time = Never = Under/In no circumstances (không bao giờ)
Eg : At no time did he suspect that his girlfriend was an enemy spy
[Link] no means (hoàn toàn không)
Eg : By no means is she poor. She only pretends to be.
[Link] no reason (không vì lí do gì)
Eg : For no reason will we surrender
5. On no condition = On no account +Trợ động từ + S + Động từ (dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)
Eg : On no account should you be late for the exam.
6. No longer (không còn nữa)
Eg : No longer does he make mistakes
7. Nowhere + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ (không nơi nào, không ở đâu)
Eg : Nowhere can the keys be found
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, Scarcely, Barely,...+ trợ động từ + S + V
Eg : Little did he know the truth.
Eg : Never in my life have I been in such an embarrassing situation.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ONLY
[Link] after + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V(chỉ sau khi)
Eg : Only after I had left home did I realize how important my family played a role in my life.
[Link] after + N + Trợ động từ + S + V(chỉ sau khi)
Eg : Only after his father's retirement did he take over the company.
[Link] by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + S + V(chỉ bằng cách)
Eg : Only by studying hard can you pass the exam
[Link] if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V(chỉ nếu)
Eg : Only if you promise to keep secret will I tell you about it.
[Link] when + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ khi)
Eg : Only when you grow up can you understand this matter
[Link] with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ với)
Eg : Only with your help can we manage.
[Link] once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ
Eg : Only once have I met her.
Eg : Only later did I realize I was wrong.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI HARDLY/NO SOONER
[Link]/barely/scarcely + had + S + Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn)
Eg : Hardly had I gone to bed when the telephone rang
[Link] sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + V (quá khứ đơn) (Ngay khi/vừa mới... thì)
Eg :No sooner had I gone to bed than the telephone rang.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NOT ONLY……BUT ALSO
Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ (không những... mà còn)
Eg :Not only does she sing beautifully but also she learns well.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SO THAT/SUCH THAT
[Link] + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + clause
Eg :So beautiful is she that many boys run after her.
[Link] + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + such + that + clause (quá... đến nỗi mà)
Eg :Her anger was such that she broke the vase.
= Such was her anger that she broke the vase.
 ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NOT UNTIL/NOT TILL
Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ(mãi đến khi)
Eg : Not until/till midnight did he come home.
Eg : Not until/till I was 8 did I know how to ride a bike.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NEITHER
Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ
Eg : Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1.Câu điều kiện loại I: Should + S+V, V + O /S + will, can... + V
Eg : Should he come, please tell him to see me.
2.Câu điêu kiện loại II:Were + S + (to V) + ..., S + would/could + V
Eg : Were I you, I would apply for that job. Were I to have enough money, I would buy that car.
3.Câu điều kiện loại III:Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could + have + Vp2
Eg : Had the car in the front not stopped so suddenly, the accidents wouldn't have happened.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ALTHOUGH.
[Link]/even though/though + S + V, S +V
= Much as + S + V, S + V
= No matter what + S + V, S + V hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V
Eg : Although the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it.
= Much as the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it.
= No matter how difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it.
= However + adj/adv + S + V = Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S + V
= However difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it.
= Difficult as the exercise is, the boys can solve it.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NOR
Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ
Eg : He doesn't smoke, nor does he drink
ĐẢO NGỮ CÓ SO/NEITHER
So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ
Eg : I can't sing well, neither can my sister. He loves football, so do I.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ HƯỚNG/PHƯƠNG,NƠI CHỐN
Adv of place + V + S
Eg : Near my house is a bus stop.
ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CỤM PHÂN TỪ
Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + V + S
Eg : Situated in the central mountains of Alaska is a peak named Denali.
Eg : Coming first in the race was my sister.

PRACTICES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Never in her life ________ this exhilarating emotion.
A. she experienced B. she did experience
C. she had experienced D. had she experienced
2. ________seen such awful behavior.
A. Have I never before B. Before have I never
C. Never before I haved D. Never before have I
3. They were wealthy. Money was plentiful, and ________to be very bothered about levels of expenditure.
A. rarely anyone seemed B. rarely did anyone seem
C. did anyone rarely seem D. rarely anyone did seem
4. Not only do I enjoy classical music, ________ a season ticket to the symphony.
A. but I also have B. but also have C. but also I have D. I but also have
5. ________ so upset!
A. Has the boss seldom been B. Seldom the boss has been
C. Seldom has the boss been D. Has the boss been seldom
6. ________ the situation.
A. Little he understands B. Little he understood
C. Little did he understand D. Did he understand little
7. There ________
A. comes my bus B. does my bus come
C. my bus come D. did my bus come
8. ________ his terrible secret.
A. Did they learn only later B. Only later they did learn
C. Only later they learnt D. Only later did they learn
9. - I’m from Turkey.
- ________
A. Am I, too B. I am, so C. So am I D. Either am I
10. I cannot swim very well ________
A. and neither my sister can B. and neither can my sister
C. and so my sister can D. and so can my sister
11. So difficult ________ that ________ three months to prepare.
A. is the test / do the students need B. the test is / do the students need
C. is the test / the students need D. the test is / the students need
12. ________ the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
A. Had he understood B. He had understood
C. If had he understood D. Unless had he understood
13. ________ a more beautiful sight.
A. Nowhere hadn’t Susan seen B. Had Susan seen nowhere
C. Nowhere Susan had seen D. Nowhere had Susan seen
14. By the gate ________
A. a little girl stood B. stood a little girl
C. did a little girl stand D. a little girl did stand
15. Not until the next morning ________ how serious ________
A. she realized / was it B. she realized / it was
C. did she realize / was it D. did she realize / it was
16. Not till ________ that he had lost the key.
A. he got home did he find B. he got home he found
C. did he get home did he find D. did he get home he found
17. Only when ________ into smart clothes after the match ________ to talk to the TV reporters
A. the players had changed / they were allowed
B. the players had changed / were they allowed
C. had the players changed / were they allowed
D. had the players changed / they were allowed
18. No sooner ________ the door than ________ it was locked.
A. had I reached / did I realize B. I had reached / did I realize
C. had I reached / I realized D. I had reached / I realized
19. ________, he can never follow me.
A. Fast as he runs B. Fast as does he run
C. As he runs fast D. As does he run fast
20. ________ John that she talked about him all the time.
A. Did so much she adore B. Did she adored so much
C. So much she adored D. So much did she adore
21. ________ kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed.
A. Mr. Chan had been B. Had if Mr. Chan been
C. Had Mr. Chan been D. If had Mr. Chan been
22. Scarcely ________ out of bed when ________
A. had I got / did the doorbell ring B. had I got / the doorbell rang
C. I had got / did the doorbell ring D. I had got / the doorbell rang
23. Little ________ how much trouble ________ in.
A. you know / are you B. you know / you are
C. do you know / are you D. do you know / you are
24. On the table ________
A. lay a yellow cat B. a yellow cat lay
C. did a yellow cat lie D. a yellow cat lies
25. Such ________ that ________ whenever it was on.
A. the popularity of the film was / the streets were deserted
B. was the popularity of the film / the streets were deserted
C. the popularity of the film was / were the streets deserted
D. was the popularity of the film / were the streets deserted
26. They can neither read nor write, ________ such concepts.
A. they can nor comprehend B. nor can they comprehend
C. nor they can comprehend D. can they nor comprehend
27. Hardly ________ before ________
A. had I left / did the trouble start B. had I left / the trouble started
C. I had left / the trouble started D. I had left / did the trouble start
28. Only after ________
A. the teacher understood the situation and did he make a comment
B. understanding the situation the teacher made a comment
C. the teacher understood the situation and made a comment
D. understanding the situation did the teacher make a comment
29. ________ to win the election, what ________ first?
A. You were / you would do B. You were / would you do
C. Were you / you would do D. Were you / would you do
30. Down ________
A. fell half a dozen apples B. half a dozen apples fell
C. did half a dozen apples fall D. half a dozen apples fall
31. Only then ________ the danger ________
A. did I see / which we were B. I saw / which we were
C. did I see / which were we D. I saw / which were we
32. Not a single word ________
A. said she B. she says C. did she say D. she said
33. Carefully though ________, he could not manage to escape the accident.
A. he drove B. did he drive C. does he drive D. he is driving
34. Not until 1911 ________
A. identified the first of the vitamins
B. the first of the vitamins identified
C. was the first of the vitamins identified
D. the first of the vitamins was identified
35. Only after the film started ________ that ________ it before.
A. I realized / I had seen B. did I realize / I had seen
C. I realized / had I seen D. did I realize / had I seen
36. ________ will we let you live independently.
A. Not until do you grow up B. Until you grow up
C. Until do you grow up D. Not until you grow up
37. No sooner ________ married than ________ to argue.
A. they had got / did they begin B. they had got / they began
C. had they got / did they begin D. had they got / they began
38. I had to show him my identity card and ________
A. only then he let me in B. only then did he let me in
C. did he let me in only then D. did only then he let me in
39. No matter how ________, he cannot make ends meet.
A. he works hard B. does he work hard
C. hard he works D. hard does he work
40. ________ the clothes since her husband bought a washing machine.
A. Any longer she has washed B. Any longer has she washed
C. No longer she has washed D. No longer has she washed

Rewrite each of the sentences below, using the words given in the brackets, so that the meaning of each one
has an emphasis.

1. My brother went off without saying a word. (Off...)

=>
2. He went off without saying a word. (Off...)
=>
3. Her toys were along the corridor. (Along the corridor...)
=>
4. The castle stands on a hill. (On a hill...)
=>
5. Your chance to speak out is now. (Now...)
=>
6. We have seldom fished so much here. (Seldom...)
=>
7. They are in no way responsible for what occurred last night. (In no way...)
=>
8. You should not on any account take these pills when you drink alcohol. (On no account...)
=>
9. She not once offered us her help. (Not once...).
=>
10. I did not became aware of what was going on until I saw her weeping. (Not until. ..)
=>
11. We little realised the dangers that were awaiting us. (Little ...)
=>
12. He was so tired that he slept for fourteen hours. (So tired ...)
=>
13. My delight was such that I bought everybody a drink. (Such...)
=>
14. I love him to such an extent that I would even give my life for him. (To such an extent...)
=>
15. They not only supply us with food, but also with drinks. (Not only...)
=>
16. We had no sooner eaten it than we had a terrible stomach-ache. (No sooner...)
=>
17. I had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang. (Hardly...)
=>
18. She took him to the zoo and to the cinema as well. (Not only ...)
=>
19. The cock crows as soon as the day breaks. (No sooner)
=>
20. She agreed to go out with him only when he bought her some flowers. (Only when...)
=>
21. If you should need a good make-up remover,please meknow (Should…)
=>
22. If I were to win the first prize in the national lottery, I would no longer work. (Were...)
=>
23. If you hadn't flooded the engine, it would have started at once. (Had you...)
=>
24. If my parents should need me, I will never let them down. (Should...)
=>
25. If I were in your place, I would try to be more assertive. (Were...)
=>
FIRST C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

Question tags • Sometimes a simple statement is too short and does not help the
conversation to develop in a friendly way.
You're French.
The other person does not know what to say. We can add a tag to the end of
the statement so that it becomes a question.
You're French, aren't you?
Now the other person knows that they have to reply and the conversation
can continue.

• Tags are formed using auxiliaries {do, be, have or a modal).

Helen lives here, doesn't she?
You left early, didn't you?
Jack was born in Italy, wasn't he?
You will help me, won't you?
Someone's got to pay, haven't they?

• A positive statement has a negative tag, and expects the answer Yes.
A: You agree with me, don't you?
B: Yes, I do.
A negative statement has a positive tag, and expects the answer No.
A: You don't take sugar, do you?
B: No, I don't.

It is possible for a positive tag to follow a positive statement, to express

interest, or ask for confirmation. This is less common.
So you like working here, do you?
Tags with will and won't can be used after imperatives.
Don't drive too fast, will you?

- Let's ... has a tag formed with shall.

Let's have a drink, shall we?
 GRAMMAR 31 I N V E R S I O N A N D Q U E S T I O N TAGS

Underline the most suitable words in each sentence.

a) Let's go to London next weekend, shall we/won't we?

b) You shouldn't have told me, did you/should you?
c) Jim hasn't been waiting long, was he/has he?
d) You won't tell anyone about this, do you/will you?
e) You're not doing what I told you, do you/are you?
f) Answer the phone for me, will you/do you?
g) George can't have noticed, can he/has he?
h) You've got to leave now, don't you/haven't you?
i) Pam and Tim got married last year, didn't they/haven't they?
j) I don't think John's very friendly, does he/is he?

2 Add suitable question tags. (Do not use positive tags for positive statements.)

a) Don't leave anything behind, ...will you.. ?

b) David is bringing some wine, ?
c) You'll be home before midnight, ?
d) Harry was working in Bristol then, ?
e) Nobody knows who invented the wheel, ?
f) You don't need me any more, ?
g) The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot, ?
h) Let's invite the Smiths from next door, ?
i) You aren't too busy to talk, ?
j) Jean owns a restaurant, ?

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