Problem Statement
Different kinds of problems tend to appear while controlling the DC Motor; the main
problem is these kind of motors do not provide good speed control. To solve this problem,
the fuzzy logic controller is used and needed and hence the project is implemented.
Objective
To create a FUZZY logic controller as an alternative controller for controlling the
speed of a DC motor.
To investigate the performance of a Fuzzy Logic Controller employing hardware
components in order to simulate and control the speed of a DC motor.
Using Arduino UNO, assess and validate the performance and design of the FUZZY
output.
Fuzzy logic application improves performance responses for DC motors.
Block Diagram
Applications
Conveyors, turntables, and other applications that require adjustable speed and constant or
low-speed torque are all good candidates for DC motors. They also function well in
applications like dynamic braking and reversing, which are ubiquitous in industrial
operations.
The DC motor is a popular choice in many new designs, particularly for fractional hp
applications, due to its rapid accelerating, stopping, and reversing, as well as its linear-speed
torque curve.
The nonlinear time variant system is the finest application. For loaded working conditions,
the speed response of a DC motor exposed to fixed armature voltage was explored. The DC
motor is driven at a required reference speed without the use of a controller. The speed of
the system designed to operate at fixed speed using FLC controller is then simulated in the
MATLAB/Simulink environment to make performance comparisons. Multi-valued logic is a
form of fuzzy logic. It is concerned with approximate rather than precise reasoning. It's a
result of fuzzy set theory. It's typically used in systems that don't have any mathematical
equations to deal with.
We'll need to know about fuzzy inference systems and various fuzzy logic techniques.
Industrial manufacturing, automatic control, automobile production, hospitals, elevator
control systems, automatic transmission control, and washing machines are only some of
the applications. Fuzzy logic techniques are now widely used in almost every facet of
modern civilization.
A high-performance motor drive system should, in general, have good dynamic speed
command tracking and load regulating responsiveness. DC drives have long been a
backbone of industrial applications due to its simplicity, ease of application, reliability, and
low cost. With only one power conversion from AC to DC, DC drives are less complicated.
For most horsepower ratings, DC drives are usually less expensive. DC motors have a long
history of being used as variable-speed machines, and a variety of solutions have arisen to
meet this need. To get the desired performance in these applications, the motor must be
properly controlled.
Future Scope
Fuzzy logic and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches such as Genetic Algorithm (GA),
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and others could be combined in future studies for
optimization. To test the practicality of the approach used in this thesis, a MATLAB
simulation for speed control of a DC motor was performed, which may be implemented in
hardware. This method can be applied to a variety of motors. Using a genetic algorithm, the
parameters of a PID controller can be fine-tuned (GA).
We utilise fuzzy logic for speed control of BLDC to achieve exact outputs, and we may use it
whenever we need precise outputs or results that we can't get through conventional
methods or other controllers that simply give us true or false outcomes (0 or 1), for
example.
Conclusion
This paper demonstrates how a fuzzy logic system can be used to operate electrical
machinery. A new technique to resilient control is presented via fuzzy logic control. The
control methodology is discussed, and it is utilised to create a basic robust controller that
can handle uncertain parameters and external disturbances. The structure used in
fuzzification, defuzzification, and rule base determines the FLC's design. It has been reported
a comprehensive fuzzy logic control based on an independently excited DC motor. The
system was designed and analysed. Simulation was used to thoroughly examine the
performances in order to validate the theoretical concept.
We looked into many methods for controlling the speed of a DC motor. The steady state
operation of a DC motor, as well as its varied torque-speeds and torque-current
characteristics, are investigated. We've also gone over the basics of fuzzy logic and fuzzy
sets, including their definitions and terminology. This project offers a design strategy for a
self-tuning fuzzy PID controller with two inputs and three outputs, as well as the usage of
the MATLAB fuzzy toolbox to create the fuzzy controller. According to speed error and
change in speed error, the fuzzy controller modified the proportional, integral, and derivate
(KP, KI, KD) gains of the PID controller.
Based on the simulation findings, it is determined that the self-tuning PID controller
outperforms the conventional PID controller in both transient and steady state
responsiveness. When compared to a traditional PID controller, the FLC offers a better
dynamic response curve, quicker reaction time, less overshoot, small steady state error
(SSE), and excellent steady precision.
The speed response characteristics of a DC motor were calculated using a mathematical
model that included MATLAB coding and a SIMULINK model. The response was found to be
unsatisfactory, in that it did not meet the desired design requirements such as rise time,
settling time, peak value, steady state error, and so on. To solve the aforementioned
disadvantage, we used a PID controller design, and by fine-tuning KP, KI, and Kd, we were
able to improve features such as steady state error.
As a result, in order to reduce steady state error in modern systems, The FUZZY controller
technique is used. To improve system characteristics, the FUZZY controller is proposed to
replace the conventional PID controller. The step reaction is exceedingly smooth as a result.
To increase the response even more, a comprehensive adjustment of the rule base may be
required. In the results, the output waveform closely tracks the input waveform, showing
that the controller is extremely efficient. A fuzzy logic controller responds far more quickly
and accurately than a simple feedback control system. The results show that using a fuzzy
controller provides better controllability.
The Fuzzy controller outperforms the PID controller in controlling the speed of the DC
motor, as can be seen from the above findings.
Due to the lack of an undesired overshoot, a faster settling time, and the ability to maintain
DC motor speed regardless of the torque load delivered, the controller is preferred.
Based on these findings, it would be prudent in keeping the country up to date with the
artificial intelligence era if fuzzy logic controllers could be easily adopted in our local
industries to improve precision and performance in DC motor operations.
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