Rahyab Education Center
COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
Third Lecture
Presented by:
Naweedullah Muradi
Overview 2
01 Computer Components
Computer Components 3
All types of computers follow a same basic logical structure and perform the following five
basic operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users.
No Operation Description
The process of entering data and instructions into the computer
1 Take Input
system.
Saving data and instructions so that they are available for
2 Store Data
processing as and when required.
Performing arithmetic, and logical operations on data in order to
3 Processing Data
convert them into useful information.
The process of producing useful information or results for the
4 Output Information
user, such as a printed report or visual display.
Control the Directs the manner and sequence in which all of the above
5
Workflow operations are performed.
Input Unit 4
This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into computer. This unit makes link
between user and computer. The input devices translate the information into the form understandable
by computer.
CPU
Memory
Input Unit Control Unit Output Unit
Arithmetic Logic
Unit
CPU (Central Processing Unit) 5
CPU itself has following three components
CPU is considered as the brain of the
computer. CPU performs all types of data
ALU
processing operations. It stores data, Arithmetic Logic Unit
intermediate results and instructions(program).
It controls the operation of all parts of
computer.
Memory Unit
Control Unit
Output Unit 6
Output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information
from computer. This unit is a link between computer and users. Output
devices translate the computer's output into the form understandable by
users.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) 7
CPU consists of the following features:
• CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
• CPU performs all types of data processing
operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results and
instructions(program).
• It controls the operation of all parts of computer.
Memory Unit 8
Definition: Registers are tiny, extremely fast storage locations inside the CPU
used to temporarily store data and instructions.
Purpose: They are used for immediate processing. Registers hold operands
or intermediate results.
Example: When adding two numbers, the CPU stores the numbers in
registers before processing.
Control Unit 9
This unit controls the operations of all parts of computer but
does not carry out any actual data processing operations.
Functions of this unit are:
• It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions
among other units of a computer.
• It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
• It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs
the operation of the computer.
• It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results
from storage.
• It does not process or store data.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 10
This unit consists of two subsections namely:
• Arithmetic section
• Logic section
Arithmetic section
Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. All complex operations are done by making
repetitive use of above operations.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 11
Logic section
Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as
comparing, selecting, matching and merging of data.
Rahyab Educational Center
THANK
YOU
Presented by:
Naweedullah Muradi
Quiz Question 1
What is the main role of Input Unit?
A) Process data
B) Store data permanently
C) Give raw data to computer
D) Present the result
Quiz Question 2
Which component is considered the brain of the computer?
A) Monitor
B) Mouse
C) CPU
D) Hard Disk
Quiz Question 3
The CPU consists of which of the following parts?
A) ALU & Monitor
B) ALU & Control Unit
C) RAM & Control Unit
D) ROM & ALU
Quiz Question 4
What is the main function of the output unit?
A) Store data permanently
B) Display or present the result
C) Input raw data
D) Process data