Class 8 Mathematics Answer Key
Chapter 2: Linear Equations in One Variable
CBSE NCERT 2025 Syllabus
Section A: Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)
1. x + 5 = 12 =⇒ x = 12 − 5 = 7.
18
2. 3x = 18 =⇒ x = 3
= 6.
3. 2x − 7 = 11 =⇒ 2x = 18 =⇒ x = 9.
4. x
4
= 8 =⇒ x = 8 × 4 = 32.
5. 5x + 3 = 28 =⇒ 5x = 25 =⇒ x = 5.
6. 7 − 2x = 1 =⇒ −2x = −6 =⇒ x = 3.
3x
7. 5
= 9 =⇒ 3x = 45 =⇒ x = 15.
8. 4x − 9 = −1 =⇒ 4x = 8 =⇒ x = 2.
9. x + 1
2
= 3
2
=⇒ x = 3
2
− 1
2
= 1.
x x
10. 3
+ 2 = 5 =⇒ 3
= 3 =⇒ x = 9.
Section B: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)
11. 2x + 3 = x + 7 =⇒ 2x − x = 7 − 3 =⇒ x = 4.
12. 5x − 4 = 3x + 8 =⇒ 5x − 3x = 8 + 4 =⇒ 2x = 12 =⇒ x = 6.
x x
13. 2
+ 3 = 7 =⇒ 2
= 4 =⇒ x = 8.
14. 3(x − 2) = 12 =⇒ x − 2 = 4 =⇒ x = 6.
15. 2x + 1
3
= 5
3
=⇒ 2x = 5
3
− 1
3
= 4
3
=⇒ x = 23 .
16. 2x
3
− 1 = 5 =⇒ 2x
3
= 6 =⇒ 2x = 18 =⇒ x = 9.
17. 4x − 5 = 2x + 3 =⇒ 4x − 2x = 3 + 5 =⇒ 2x = 8 =⇒ x = 4.
x+1
18. 2
= 4 =⇒ x + 1 = 8 =⇒ x = 7.
19. 3x + 2 = 5x − 8 =⇒ 2 + 8 = 5x − 3x =⇒ 10 = 2x =⇒ x = 5.
20. 2x−1
3
= x+2
2
=⇒ 2(2x − 1) = 3(x + 2) =⇒ 4x − 2 = 3x + 6 =⇒ x = 8.
Section C: Long Answer Questions (3 marks each)
21. 2(x + 3) = 5x − 9 =⇒ 2x + 6 = 5x − 9 =⇒ 6 + 9 = 5x − 2x =⇒ 15 = 3x =⇒
x = 5.
1
22. 3x+1
4
= x−2
3
=⇒ 3(3x + 1) = 4(x − 2) =⇒ 9x + 3 = 4x − 8 =⇒ 9x − 4x =
−8 − 3 =⇒ 5x = −11 =⇒ x = − 11
5
.
23. 5(x − 1) = 3(x + 2) + 4 =⇒ 5x − 5 = 3x + 6 + 4 =⇒ 5x − 3x = 10 + 5 =⇒ 2x =
15 =⇒ x = 15 2
.
24. 2x+3
5
+ 2 = x−1
2
=⇒ 2x+3+10
5
= x−1
2
=⇒ 2(2x + 13) = 5(x − 1) =⇒ 4x + 26 =
5x − 5 =⇒ 26 + 5 = 5x − 4x =⇒ x = 31.
25. 3(2x − 1) − 2(x + 3) = 5 =⇒ 6x − 3 − 2x − 6 = 5 =⇒ 4x − 9 = 5 =⇒ 4x =
14 =⇒ x = 72 .
x x 3x+2x 5x
26. 2
+ 3
= 10 =⇒ 6
= 10 =⇒ 6
= 10 =⇒ 5x = 60 =⇒ x = 12.
27. 4x − x+1
2
= 5 =⇒ 8x−(x+1)
2
= 5 =⇒ 7x − 1 = 10 =⇒ 7x = 11 =⇒ x = 11
7
.
28. 2(x + 4) = 3x − x
2
=⇒ 2x + 8 = 6x−x
2
=⇒ 2x + 8 = 5x
2
=⇒ 4x + 16 = 5x =⇒
16 = x.
29. 3x−2
4
= 2x+1
3
=⇒ 3(3x − 2) = 4(2x + 1) =⇒ 9x − 6 = 8x + 4 =⇒ x = 10.
30. 5x − 2x−3
2
= 7 =⇒ 10x−(2x−3)
2
= 7 =⇒ 8x + 3 = 14 =⇒ 8x = 11 =⇒ x = 11
8
.
Section D: Word Problems (4 marks each)
31. Let the smaller number be x. Then, the other is 2x. x + 2x = 45 =⇒ 3x =
45 =⇒ x = 15. Numbers: 15, 30.
32. Let the number be x. x + 15 = 42 =⇒ x = 27.
33. Let son’s age be x. Father’s age = 3x. x + 3x = 48 =⇒ 4x = 48 =⇒ x = 12.
Son: 12 years, Father: 36 years.
34. Let the number be x. 4x − 12 = 28 =⇒ 4x = 40 =⇒ x = 10.
35. Let pencil cost x rupees, pen cost x + 3. 5(x + 3) + 3x = 42 =⇒ 5x + 15 + 3x =
42 =⇒ 8x = 27 =⇒ x = 27 8
. Pencil: 27
8
rupees, Pen: 51
8
rupees.
36. Let boat speed be x km/h, stream speed y km/h. Downstream: x + y = 60
4
= 15.
Upstream: x − y = 5 = 12. Add: 2x = 27 =⇒ x = 13.5. Boat speed: 13.5 km/h.
60
37. Let the number be x. x − 7 = 2x − 10 =⇒ −7 + 10 = 2x − x =⇒ x = 3.
38. Let breadth be x cm, length = 2x + 2. Perimeter: 2(x + 2x + 2) = 36 =⇒ 3x + 2 =
18 =⇒ 3x = 16 =⇒ x = 16 3
. Breadth: 16
3
cm, Length: 38
3
cm.
39. Let son’s age be x, father’s age = 4x. After 6 years: 4x+6 = 3(x+6) =⇒ 4x+6 =
3x + 18 =⇒ x = 12. Son: 12 years, Father: 48 years.
40. Let numbers be 3x, 3(x + 1), 3(x + 2). 3x + 3(x + 1) + 3(x + 2) = 54 =⇒ 9x + 9 =
54 =⇒ x = 5. Numbers: 15, 18, 21.
x x
41. Let the number be x. 5
+ 3 = 8 =⇒ 5
= 5 =⇒ x = 25.
42. Let table cost x rupees, chair cost x2 . 2 · x2 + 3x = 750 =⇒ x + 3x = 750 =⇒
4x = 750 =⇒ x = 187.5. Chair: 93.75 rupees, Table: 187.5 rupees.
2
43. Let fraction be xy . x+1
y+1
= 34 =⇒ 4x + 4 = 3y + 3. x−2
y−2
= 12 =⇒ 2x − 4 = y − 2.
Solve: 4x − 3y = −1, 2x − y = 2 =⇒ x = 5, y = 8. Fraction: 85 .
44. Let hens = x, cows = y. x + y = 20, 2x + 4y = 56 =⇒ x + 2y = 28. Subtract:
y = 8, then x = 12. Hens: 12, Cows: 8.
45. Let number be 10x + y. x + y = 12, 10y + x = 10x + y + 18 =⇒ 9y − 9x = 18 =⇒
y − x = 2. Solve: x = 5, y = 7. Number: 57.
46. Let present age be x. x = 5(x − 10) =⇒ x = 5x − 50 =⇒ 50 = 4x =⇒ x = 12.5.
Present age: 12.5 years.
47. Let cost price be x. x + 0.25x = 500 =⇒ 1.25x = 500 =⇒ x = 400. Cost price:
400 rupees.
48. Let numbers be x, x + 15. x + (x + 15) = 65 =⇒ 2x = 50 =⇒ x = 25. Numbers:
25, 40.
49. Let original speed be x km/h. 240
x
− x+10
240
= 1 =⇒ 240(x + 10) − 240x = x(x + 10).
Simplify: 2400 = x + 10x =⇒ x + 10x − 2400 = 0 =⇒ x = 40. Speed: 40
2 2
km/h.
50. Let numbers be x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6. x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) = 76 =⇒
4x + 12 = 76 =⇒ x = 16. Numbers: 16, 18, 20, 22.