Introduction to computer networks and Internet:
1. What is topology? Explain star topology in brief.
2. Explain various delay which are occur in data packet transmission.
3. Explain functionality of Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Router and Gateway.
4. Draw the layered architecture of OSI reference model and write at least two services provided by
each layer of the model.
5. Draw the layered architecture of OSI reference model and write at least two services provided by
each layer of the model.
6. Is data compression is necessary at the presentation layer of OSI reference model? Explain it with
proper reason.
7. Why data compression is necessary at the presentation layer of OSI reference model?
8. Discuss throughput in the network.
9. Differentiate TCP/IP protocol stack and OSI Reference model of the computer network.
10. Why the data encryption is necessary at the presentation layer of OSI reference model?
11. Which of the OSI layers handles each of the following:
a. Dividing the message into segments.
b. Determining which route through the subnet to use.
c. Dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames.
12. Besides bandwidth and latency, what other parameter(s) is/are needed to give a good
characterization of the quality of service offered by network used for
a. Online financial transaction traffic?
b. Video streaming traffic?
13. Discuss the circuit switching versus packet switching approaches for moving data through a network
of links and switches.
14. Discuss the five layer internet protocol stack along with the functionalities of each layer in detail.
Application Layer:
1. Discriminate fully qualified domain name from partially qualified domain name.
2. Discriminate fully qualified domain name from partially qualified domain name.
3. Explain the hierarchical DNS system
4. Write short note on Domain Name System (DNS).
5. Explain the role of Domain Name Server (DNS) in Internet?
6. State the port number for the following application layer protocols. i) FTP ii) HTTP iii) SMTP iv) POP3
7. Give the well defined port number for the following protocols: 1) SMTP 2) DNS 3) HTTP 4) POP3 5)
TELNET 6) HTTPS 7) SSH
8. What do you mean by stream and datagram sockets?
9. Explain the following TCP socket system calls: 1) socket() 2) bind() 3) listen() 4) accept()
10. What is socket? Explain its importance at transport layer protocols.
11. What is HTTP? Differentiate its persistent and non-persistent types with request-response behavior
of HTTP.
12. What is HTTP? Differentiate its persistent and nonpersistent types with request-response behavior
of HTTP.
13. Justify the statement, “HTTP server is stateless”.
14. Explain DHCP and Email in detail.
15. How DHCP protocol works?
16. What is POP3 protocol? How the limitations of POP3 protocols are overcome by IMAP?
17. Why do HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 run on top of TCP rather than on UDP? Name one application
that uses UDP and why?
Transport Layer:
1. Differentiate between connection oriented versus connection less services in networks.
2. Give difference between connection oriented and connectionless services.
3. Give difference between connection oriented and connection less services.
4. What do you mean by congestion and overflow? Explain the slow-start component of the TCP
congestion-control algorithm
5. Explain TCP Congestion control in detail.
6. Explain TCP Congestion mechanism in detail.
7. Explain flow and error control in TCP.
8. Differentiate Congestion control and flow control.
9. Give difference between flow control verses Congestion Control.
10. How end-to-end congestion control is provided by TCP.
11. What is the minimum and maximum size of the TCP and UDP segment?
12. Explain the significance of the following flags present in TCP segment header: 1) URG 2) ACK 3) PSH
4) RST 5) SYN 6) FIN
13. What is the significance of the following flags in TCP segment? i) URG ii) SYN iii) FIN iv) PSH
14. Is deadlock possible in TCP? If yes, when?
15. Give differences between TCP and UDP.
16. Explain User Datagram Protocol.
17. Explain User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in detail and discuss how it differs from Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP).
18. Explain TCP segment structure and justify the importance of its field values.
19. What is meant by encapsulation at transport layer?
20. How the encapsulation is done in the transport layer?
21. Discuss transport layer multiplexing and demultiplexing concepts.
22. Explain in brief socket, multiplexing and demultiplexing.
Network Layer:
1. Discuss the various measures which are used to compute the cost between two routers of the
network.
2. Explain the problem of Count-to-infinity with example in distance vector routing algorithm.
3. Discuss the count-to-infinity problem in distance vector routing algorithm with example.
4. Explain distance vector routing algorithm
5. Explain Link-State routing algorithm
6. Explain Link State Routing algorithm in detail.
7. Explain Link State routing protocol.
8. Explain Distance Vector routing protocol.
9. Explain Distance Vector Routing Algorithm.
10. What is route aggregation? How it can be useful in Internet?
11. Explain how multicasting differs from multiple unicasting in networks.
12. Write a short note on broadcast and multicast routing.
13. Define Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting.
14. Define the term unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting.
15. What is IP address? Explain sub netting with example.
16. Compare IPv4 and IPv6.
17. Explain IPv4 datagram format and importance of each field.
18. What do you mean by sub-netting and super-netting? Explain it with example.
19. What is subnetting? Why is it required?
20. Explain the class-full sub-netting with example.
21. How many subnets can be created for the subnet mask [Link]? Which IP address class
these subnet does belong to?
22. Explain NAT (Network Address Translation) as a solution to IP address depletion problem.
23. What is the purpose of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Network Address Translation (NAT)?
24. How does store-n-forward technique work at network layer?
The Link layer and Local area networks:
1. Explain the working of binary count down MAC layer protocol in detail.
2. What do you mean by random access protocols? Explain slotted ALOHA in brief.
3. What do you mean by random access protocols? Explain slotted ALOHA in brief.
4. Discuss the working of slotted aloha along with its efficiency in terms of channel utilization.
5. Explain the working of CSMA/CD protocol in detail
6. Discuss CSMA/CD Protocol.
7. Explain CSMA/CD Protocol.
8. How the p-persistent is different from 1-persisent in CSMA/CD? Explain how the Backoff time is set
in the case of collision
9. Explain p-persistent CSMA protocol in detail
10. Demonstrate the various error detection techniques at data link layer with example.
11. A Bit steam 100100 is to be transmitted using standard CRC method with divisor value x 3+x2+1.
Generate the CRC code word.
12. Explain CRC code generation with example.
13. Bit steam 10011101 is to be transmitted using the standard CRC method with divisor value x 3+1.
Generate the CRC code word.
14. Data link protocols almost always put CRC in a trailer rather than in a header. Why?
15. Consider the 7-bit generator, G=10011, and suppose that D has the value1010101010. What is the
value of R?
16. Discuss parity check for error detection in data transfer.
17. Discuss parity check for error detection in data transfer.
18. Explain the UDP checksum mechanism for error detection with example.
19. Describe Go Back N and Selective Repeat protocol.
20. Describe Go Back N and Selective Repeat protocol.
21. How switch device is different from the router?
22. Draw and explain Ethernet Frame Structure.
23. Explain functionality of Repeater, HUB, Bridge, Switch, Router and Gateway.
Don’t Know:
1. Explain Route Summarization or Route Aggregation in network layer.
2. What are the three most important network-layer functions in a virtual circuit network?
3. For the below mentioned internet applications protocol, mention the underlying transport protocol
(TCP or UDP).
a. Telnet ii) FTP iii) HTTP
4. Explain MIME structure for electronic mail.
5. Explain RDT 2.0.
6. What is process-to-process delivery in transport layer? Why do we require it though host-to-host
delivery is provided by the network layer?
7. Why the virtual circuit is to be set up for transmission of message in TCP protocol?
8. Explain Physical Address, IP address, Port Address in brief.
9. Explain IP Address, Physical Address and Port Number in Brief.
10. Discuss the principles of Reliable Data Transfer.
11. Explain packet fragmentation with example.
12. Explain how bit rate and baud rate are related with respect to Ethernet.
13. State the difference between bit rate and baud rate.
14. Explain leaky bucket algorithm for the network traffic shaping.
15. How the Jitter is different from the delay in streaming applications?
16. How does the reservation protocol work to control access of the medium? Discuss the
disadvantages of it.
17. Explain the working mechanism of the binary countdown protocol. Which limitation of bitmap
protocol is overcome by it?
18. How does chock packet technique work for congestion control?
19. What is the relevance of Type of Service (ToS) and Time to Live (TTL) field in IPV4 packet?
20. Explain the following static channel allocations mechanisms: i) TDMA ii) FDMA
21. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end
systems.
22. List and briefly describe three types of switching fabrics used in Routers. Which, if any, can send
multiple packets across the fabric in parallel?
23. Why are different inter-AS and intra-AS protocols used in the Internet?
24. Describe how a botnet can be created, and how it can be used for a DDoS attack.