▎1.
Ti
tl
e
Obser
vat
ionofPl
antCel
l
s(Oni
onEpi
der
mal
Cel
l
s)underaCompoundMi
croscope.
▎[Link]
ect
ive
Toobser
ve,
ident
if
y,anddr
awt
hest
ruct
ural
component
sofpl
antcel
l
susi
nganoni
onepi
der
mis.
▎[Link]
y
Onionski ni
scomposedofpl antcell
s,whichhaveadi sti
nct,
[Link]
cel
ls,plantcel
lshavear i
gidcellwallmadeofcellulosethatprovi
[Link]
microscope,youwillseeabrick-l
ike,
rect
angulararrangementofcel l
[Link] eaturesincludethe
cel
l wall
,thecytopl
asm (t
hejelly-
li
kesubstanceinside),
thenucleus(oftenappear ingasadar k,
smal l
dotpushedt otheside),andlargevacuol
es( whichtakeupmostoft hespace) .
▎[Link]
eri
als&Chemi
cal
s
•Mater
ial
s:Micr
oscope,
glasssl
i
des,
cov
ersl
i
ps,
for
ceps,
dropper
,scal
pel
orbl
ade,
andasmal
l
pi
eceofonion.
•Chemi
cal
s:I
odi
nesol
uti
on(
ormet
hyl
enebl
ue)f
orst
aini
ng,
anddi
sti
l
ledwat
er.
▎[Link]
ocedur
es
[Link]
epar
ati
on:
Cutasmal l
pieceofoni
onanduseforcepst
opeel
offat
hin,
transpar
entl
ayerof
epi
dermi
sfr
om thei
nnersi
deofanonionscal
eleaf
.
[Link]
ing:
Placet
het
hinl
ayeront
oagl
asssl
i
[Link]
wodr
opsofwat
ert
okeepi
t
f
rom dr
yingout
.
[Link]
aini
ng:
Addonedropofiodi
nesol
uti
ont
othespeci
[Link]
sst
ainst
henucl
eusandcel
l
wall
s,maki
ngt
hem easi
ert
osee.
[Link]
sli
p:Car
eful
l
yloweracov
ersl
i
pont
othespeci
menatanangl
etoav
oidt
rappi
ngai
r
bubbl
es.
[Link]:
Pl acethesl
ideundert
hemicr
oscope,st
art
ingwit
hthelowestmagni
fi
cat
ion
obj
ectiv
el ens(e.g.,4xor10x)
.Onceyouf
ocus,swit
chtoahighermagnif
icat
iont
oseemore
detai
l
.
▎[Link]
t
Undert hemi cr
oscope,youwill
seear epeati
ng,br
ick-
li
kepat
ter
nofcell
spackedclosel
y
[Link]
lswill
becl earl
ydef i
[Link]
hstaini
ng,
thenucl
euswil
lappearasasmal
l
,
darker-
stainedbodywithinthecy t
oplasm ofeachcell
.
▎[Link]
scussi
on
Theonioncel lisaclassi
cexampleofaeukar yot
icplantcel
[Link] i
gidcellwallser
vesasa
str
ucturalbarri
[Link]-
looki
ngspacei nthecenteristhecentralvacuol
e,whi
ch
pushest henucleusandcy topl
asm towardtheperi
meteroft hecell
.Ifyoudidnotseeorganel
l
es
l
ikechloroplasts,i
tisbecauseoni
onbul bsgrowundergroundanddonotper form
photosynthesis,t
herefor
etheydonotcont ai
nchloropl
asts.
▎[Link]
usi
on
Theex per
imentsuccessful
l
ydemonstr
atesthestr
uct
ural
organi
zat
ionofpl
antcel
l
[Link]
presenceofacellwallandacl
earnucl
eusconfi
rmsthatt
hesearei
ndeedeukar
yoti
cpl
antcel
l
s.
▎[Link]
tl
e
St
udyandObser
vat
ionofAni
mal
Cel
lSt
ruct
ure
▎[Link]
ect
ive
Toobserv
e,i
dent
if
y,anddescr
ibethecomponentsofanani
mal
cel
lusi
ngacompound
micr
oscopet
ounderstandi
tsbasi
cstruct
ural
organi
zat
ion.
▎[Link]
y
Animalcellsareeukaryoti
ccel l
s,meaningtheycontainadef i
nednucleusandmembr ane-bound
organel
[Link]
keplantcells,ani
mal cel
lslackarigi
dcellwall,gi
vingthem aflexible,oft
en
i
rregul
[Link] elyont hecellmembr anetodefinethei
rboundar yandr egulatethe
mov ementofsubst ancesinandoutoft hecell
.Theyperform special
i
zedf uncti
onst hrough
vari
ousor ganel
les,
suchast hemitochondriaforener
gypr oducti
onandt heendopl asmi c
reti
cul
um f orpr
otei
nandl ipidsynthesi
s.
▎[Link]
eri
als&Chemi
cal
s
•Mater
ial
s:Compoundli
ghtmi
croscope,
micr
oscopesl
i
des,
cov
ersl
i
ps,
ster
il
eswabsor
toot
hpi
cks,dr
opper
/pi
pett
e.
•Chemical
s:Met
hyl
enebl
uesol
uti
on(
stai
ningagentt
omakecel
lcomponent
svi
sibl
e),
dist
il
led
water
.
▎[Link]
ocedur
es
[Link]
lyscr
apet
hei
nsi
deofy
ourcheekwi
thacl
eant
oot
hpi
ckt
ocol
l
ectcheekcel
l
s.
[Link]
ansf
ert
hecol
l
ect
edmat
eri
alont
othecent
erofacl
eanmi
croscopesl
i
de.
[Link]
opofmet
hyl
enebl
uet
othesampl
eandwai
tfor1-
2mi
nut
est
ost
aint
hecel
lnucl
ei.
[Link]
lypl
aceacov
ersl
i
pov
ert
hespeci
men,
avoi
dingai
rbubbl
es.
[Link]
acet
hesl
i
deont
hemi
croscopest
age.
[Link]
icati
onfi
rst(
e.g.
,10x)t
olocat
ecel
l
s,t
henswi
tcht
ohi
gh
magnifi
cati
on(e.g.,
40x)f
ordetai
ledv
iewing.
▎[Link]
t
Underthemicr
oscope, cell
sappearasdist
inct
,rounded,
orirr
[Link]
appearsasadeepl
yst ained,dar
kbluespheri
calstr
uctur
[Link]
lmembr ane
i
sv i
sibl
eastheouterboundar y,
andthecytopl
asm appearsasalightblue,grai
nyar
ea
surr
oundingt
henucleus.
▎[Link]
scussi
on
Theobser vati
onconfi
rmst heeukaryoticnat
ur eoftheanimalcell
.Themet hyl
enebl
uest ai
nis
crucial
becauseanimal cel
lsaretransparent
; wit
houtstai
ning,
organelleswouldbedif
fi
cultt
o
di
[Link] lexpl
ainswhyt hecell
sdonothav eaunif
orm,ri
gid
geomet ri
[Link] t
oplasm providesamedi um forchemicalreacti
ons,
whilet
henucleus
actsast hecontr
olcenter,
contai
ningt hegeneticmateri
al.
▎[Link]
usi
on
Thisexperimentsuccessfull
ydemonstrat
est hepri
mar ycomponentsofanani malcell
,
specifi
call
ythecel
lmembr ane,
cytopl
asm, andnucleus.I
thighli
ght
st hefundamental
di
fferencesincel
lstructurebet
weenanimal sandotherorganisms,part
icul
arl
ythelackofacel
l
wallandlargecentr
al vacuol
esfoundinplantcel
ls.