KX-F580 5. MODEM SECTION 5-1. FUNCTION The unit uses a 1 chip modem (IC11), enabling it to act as an interface between the control section for FAX sending and receiving, and the telephone line. Duting a sending operation, the digital mage signals are modulated and sent to the telephone line, while duting a receiving operation, the analog image signals which are received via the telephone line are demodulated and converted into digital image signals. The communication format and pracedures for FAX communication are standardized by ITU-T. This 1 chip modem (IC11) has hardware which sends and detects all of the necessary signals for FAX communication and DTMF. Itcan be controlled by writing commands from the ASIC (IC1) to the register in the modem (IC11) This modem (IC5) also sends DTMF signals, generates a call tone (from the speaker), and detects a busy tone and dial tones and DTMF, (Overview of Facsimile Communication Procedures (ITU-T Recommendation} (1)_ON ITU-T (International Telecommunications' Union.) The No. XIV Group of ITU-T, one ofthe four permanent organizations of the Intemational Telecommunications Union (ITU), investigates and make recommendations on international standards for facsimile. (2) Definition of Each Group *Group | (G1) ‘A-é size documents official without using formats which reduce the band width of signal sent over telephone lines. Determined in 1968, ‘Transmission for about 6 minutes at scanning lino density of 3.85 lines/mm. * Group Il (G2) Using reduction technology in the modulation/demodulation format, A-4 size document is sent at an official scanning line density of 3.85 linesimm for about 8 minutes. Methods to suppress redundancy are not used. Determined in 1976, + Group I (G3) Method of suppressing redundancy in the image signal prior to modulation is used. A-4 size document is sent within about one minute. Determined in 1980. + Group IV (G4) ‘Transmission is via data network. Method is provided for suppressing redundancy in signals prior to transmission, and error-free reception of transmission is possible. ‘The scope of these facsimile applications is not limited simply to transmission of written statements. Through symbiotic linkages with other communications methods, it can be expected to expand to include integrated services. (9) Facsimile Call Time Series ‘As shown in the following diagram, the facsimile call time series is divided into five phases. Message Transmission PhaseA [ PhaseB® | PhaseG | PhaseD | Phase = oe Facsimile Procedure Facsimile Call Progress derection of operation Phase A: Call setting Call seting can be manual/automatic. Phase B: Pre-message procedure Phase B is a pre-processing procedure and a sequence for confirming status of terminal, transmission route, etc. and for ter-minal control. It implements terminal preparation status, determines and displays terminal constants, confirms synchronization status, etc. and prepares for transmission of facsimile messages, Phase C: Message transmission Phase C is the procedure for transmission of facsimile messages. Phase D: Post message procedure NOLLVUadO LINOHIO Phase D is the procedure for confirming that the message is completed and received. In the case of continuous transmission, return is made repeatedly to phase B or phase C for transmission. Phase E : Call retrieval Phase E is the procedure for call retrieval, that is, for circuit disconnection. ~129—KX-F580_ | (4) Concerning Transmission of Time Traremision Tino] = [Gonvel Time] + [Inage Taramiason Tine] + [HowTine Transmission time consists ofthe following. Control time: This is ime at the start of transmission when functions at the sending and receiving sides are confirmed, transmission mode is established, and transmission and reception are synchronized, Image transmission tim: ‘This is the time required for transmission of document contents (image data) In general, this time is recorded in the catalog, otc. Hold time: This is the time required after the document contents have been sent to confirm that the document was in fact sent, and to check for telephone reservations and/or the existence of continuous transmission. (6) Facsimile Standard T Telephone Network Facimile Item ‘Ga Machine Connection Control Mode | Telephone Network Signal Made Terminal Control Mode _| 1.30 Binary Facsimile Signal Format | Digital Modulation Mode PSK (V. 27 ter) or QAM (V. 29) “Transmission Speed ‘300 bps (Control Signal) 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600 bps (FAX Signal) Redundaney Compression | 1 dimension : MH Mode Process 2 dimension : MR Mode (K=2.4) (Coding Mode) iin Scan’ 8 pellmm Resolution mB = Sub Sean : 3.85, 7.7mm EOL Signal Line Synchronization Signal Depends on degree of data reduction. Minimum Value : 10, 20 Can be recognized in 40ms. 1 Line Transmission Time [sting] 130-KX-F580 (6) Explanation of Technology © G3 Communication Signals (T. 30 Binary Process) In G3 Facsimile communication, this is the procedure for exchange of control signals between the sending and receiving ‘machines both before and after transception of image signals Control signals at 300 bps FSK are: 1850 Hz..0, 1650Hz...1 ‘An example of binary process in G3 communication is shown below. Transmitter Side Receiver Side Phase A ecumerts| ar one Bell Detection Notifies of capacity of receiving unit (@.9. , recording FAX SW paper width, transmission speed). Checks the performance ofthe ‘sending mactine (document width, Phase B transmission speed, et), and sels the communication mode. Check the receive preparation Training 1, TOF and line condition. __CFR___| Receive preparation OK Phase Disconnect | ___DCN | ara Disconnect Explanation of Signals Control signals are comprised mainly of 8-bit identification signals and the data signals added to them. Data signals are added to DIS and DCS signals. NOLLWH3dO LINDUIO Signal...DIS (Oigita Identification Signa) Function Identification Signal Format...00000001 eee eee (Exampio) Bio. osoTe Des 1 ‘Transmitter ~T.2 operation 2 | Receiver-T.2 operation Receiver T. 2 operation 3 | Teioc=176 7.2100 176 @__| Tranamiter-T. 3 operation 5 | Receiver=T. 3 operation Recelver=T 3 operation 6 | Reserved for futuro T. 8 operation foatures| —131-BitNo. DISOTC Des 7___| Reserved for future 1-3 operation features @ ___| Reserved for future T.3 operation features 9 | Transmitter-T.4 operation 10__| Receiver - 4 operation Receiver -T.4 operation Fi, 12 | Data signaling rate Data signaling rate (0,0) | V.27 ter fallback modo 2400 bits V.27 ter (1) | v27ter 4800 bits V.27 ter (0) | v.20 9600 bivs V.29 (1) | v27terana v.29 7200 bits V.29 13__| Reserved for naw modulation system 4 __| Reserved for new modulation system 15 Vertical resolution = 7-7 lineimm Vertical resolution = 7.7 line/mm 16 | Two-dimonsional coding capability “Two-dimensional coding 17, 18 | Recording width capabilties Recording width (0,0) | 1728 picture elements along scan ine | 1728 picture elements along scan line length of 218 mm + 19% length of 218 mm + 19% (0.1) | 1728 picture elements along scan line | 2432 picture elements along scan line length of 218 mm = 19% and length of 303 mm + 19% and £2048 picture elements along scan tine length of 255 mm ++ 19% and 2432 picture elements along scan line tength of 308 mm +t 19 (1,0) | 1728 picture elements along scan ine | 2048 picture elements along sean ine length of 215 mm + 1% and length of 255 mm + 1% and £2048 picturo olemants along scan line length of 255 mm + 19% (1,1)__| Invalid (see Note 7) Invi 19,20 | Maximum recording length capabilily | Maximum recording length (0,0) | 4 (207 mm) ‘Aa (297 mm) (0.1) | Unlimited Unlimited (1,0) | A4 (297 mm) and B4 (964 mm B¢ (964 mm) (1) | tovatia lovalia Signal... 0S (Digital Command Signal) ee Identification Signal Format....1000001 Peep etpmeeee edd cab Mare Carry the sender. The added data signals are as follows. BitNo. DIsDTC Standard seting| Gs 21, 22,28 | Minimum scan line time capability a the receiver Minimum scan line te (0,0,0) | 20ms at 9.851mm: 17.7573.85 20ms (0,0, 1) | 40 ms at 3.651¢mm: 17.7=73.85 40 ms (0, 1,0) | 10ms at 3.861¢mm: 17.7-73.85 tome (1,0,0) | Sms at3.a5timm: 17:7=78.85 5ms (0,1, 1) | 10 ms at 3.851/mm: 17.7=1/2 73.86 (1, 1,0), | 20ms at 3.85t/mm: 17.7=1/2 73.85 (1,0, 1) | 40 ms at 9.851/mm: T7.7=1/2 T3.85 1,1) | Ome at3.851/mm: 17.7-13.85 oms ~132-580 BitNo. DIsOTC [Standard sein bes 2a | Extend file 1 Extend field 25 | 2400 bits handshaking | 2400 bis handshaking 26 | Uncompressed mode | Uncompressed mode 27__| Error correction mode 0 | Error correction mode 28 | Sette" 0 Frame size 0 = 256 otats 1 =64 octota 29 _| Error limiting mode 0 ___| Error imiting mode 30 | Reserved for Gé capability on PSTN (0 | Reserved for G4 capability on PSTN ‘31 | Unassigned 0 32__| Extend fold 1 Extend field 33 | Validity of its 17,18 Recording width ©) | Bits 17,18 are valid 0 | Recording width indicated by bits 17,18 (1) | Bits 17,18 are invalid Recording width indicated by tis feld bit information 34 | Recording width capabiliy 1216 picure elements [0 | Middle 1216 elementa of 1728 picture ‘along scan tne length of 181 mm st 1% elements 36 | Recording width capability 864 picture oloments | ___0 | Middle 664 elements of 1728 picture along scan line length of 107 mm = 196 celoments 36 | Recording width capability 1726 picture elements | © | Invalid ‘along scan line length of 181 mm st 19% 37 | Recording width capability 1728 picture elements | 0 | Invalid along sean line length of 107 mm st 196 38__| Reserved for future recording width capabiliy a 39 | Reserved for future recording width capabiliy a 40__ | Extond field 7 Extend field at__| Semi super time 7mm 7 42__| Semi super time Finch 0 43 | Supertine ° ‘a4_[ inch ° 4 | rom 7 46__| MSOSF 0 47__| Select poling 0 4 EXT o J Note 1 - Standard facsimile units conforming to T.2 must have the following capability: Index of cooperation 1OC)=264, Note 2 - Standard facsimile units contorming to T.3 must have the following capability: Index of cooperation (IOC) =264. Note 1 - Standard facsimile units conforming to T.4 must have the following capability : Paper longth=297 mm. Signal ‘Gontication Signa Format Function Training 1 Fixed pattem is ranemitted to receiving side at speed (2400 to 9600 bps) designated by DCS, and the recsiving side optimizes the automatic equalizer, etc., according to ths signal TOF ‘Sonds 0 continuously for 1.5 seconds atthe same speed as the (Training Check) training signal CFR xo100001 Noles sending side that TOF has been properly received. I ‘TOF is not propedy received, FT (Failure To Train) X01000%0 (Contain to Receive) i relayed to sender. Sendo than eons Vanomsion spd by one stage and initiates training once again. ‘raining 2 Used for reconfiemation of receiving side the same as training 1. 133 NOILWHadO LINDUIDKX-F580 Signal Identification Signal Format Funetion Image Signal Refer to next page. RTC ‘Sends 12 bit (0..01 X 6 times to receiver at same (Return to Control) ‘speed as image signal and notifies af completion of transmission of first sheet. EOP x1110100 End of one communication (End of Procedure) MCF 0110001 End of 1 page reception (Message Confirmation) DON xin Phase E stars, (Disconnect) MPS X1140010 ‘Completion of transmission of t page. If there are stil MultePage Signal more documents to be sent, they are output instead of : ne Signal) EOP. After MCF reception, sender transmits image signal of second sheet. PRI-EOP x1111100 It there is an operator call from the sender, itis output (Procedural interrupt-EOP) after RTC. PIP xo110101 (Output in the case of operator call from receiver. (Procedural Interrupt Positive) @ Redundancy Compression Process Coding Mode es aan Ce This eet uses one-dimensional MH format Tntongn | ower | Case (a) Document Basic Technique of Facsimile wm |e Facsimile 3 | om | sow (0) Part of document ——=¥ a | mmm | ocr, Boks 2 4 2 8 3 we [ne | Som (o) Run length and Ofnagecgrae, MILs Lee Lae J lL, equivalent to (b) (@ Codtication of oortoritiotor O11 trot tt 01000 ont to1010 (0) acoording to (white 400) (Black 4) (White 15) (Black 2) (White 12) (Black 4) (White 16) MH formula " 0100111 ao0t01 0001110 (Black 2) (White 18) (Black 8) (White 19) (Black 9) (6) Total bit number before MH codification (497 bit) (6) Total bit number after MH codification (63 bit) ~134,KX-F580 [Link] CIRCUIT OPERATION The modem (IC11) has all the hardware satisfying the ITU-T standards mentioned previously. When the gate array IC! (116) is brought to low level, the modem (|C1 1) is chip-selected and resistors inside IC are selected by select signals from ASIC (IC1) AO-A¢, commands are written through data bus, and all processing is controled at the ASIC (IC1) according to ITU-T procedures. Hore the signal INT dispatched from IRQ (pin 52 of IC11) to the ASIC (IC1) when preparation for acceptance of transmission data is OK and when demodulation of reception data is complete, the ASIC (IC1) implements post processing, This modem (IC11) has an automatic application equalizer. With traning signal 1 or 2 at time of G3 reception, it can automatically establish the optimum equalizer. Also, the madem (IC11) generates an internal clock of 24,00014MHz by means of an external crystal oscillator (X1) (1) Facsimile Transmission/DTMF Line Send ‘The digital image data on the data bus is modulated in the modem (IC11), and sent from pin 44 via amplifier IC10 (6 +7), the NCU section to the telephone line. 1611 (44) [+ Cra 7 ROO ~ 1O1O16-7)~ N11) + CNATH(10)~ C4 FIB2 101547969) + + Cre [6203 + R210 + 1C201(2-1) -+ C202 + R201 + T101] + TEL LINE. [ J: NCU section (2) Facsimile Reception “The analog image deta Which is received from the telephone line passes through the NCU section and enters pin 45 ofthe modem (IC11). The signals that enter pin 45 ofthe modem (IG11) are demodulated in the board to digital image signals, then placed on the data bus. In this case, the image signals from the telephone line are transmitted serially, Hence they are placed on the bus in 8 bit units. Here, intemal the equalizer circuit reduces the image signals to the long-distance recelving level. itis designed to correct the characteristics of the frequency band centered about 3 kHz and maintain a Constant receiving sensitivity It can be setin the service mode. [Link] -» T101 -+ R202 ~+ 6205 -+ 10201(6-7) -* C210 + C212 + R215 + C213 > 1C202(1-2) ~ C217 + CN271(9) + R11 -* 1C10(2-1) -+ C19 + R13 1C11(45) {@) DTME Transmission (Monitor tone) “The DTMF signal generated in the modem (1011) is output from pin 44, then passes through the analog GVA 1151, and the NCU sestion tothe telephone line as same as facsimile transmission signals. {OTMF Monitor Tone) 111 (44) -[-+ G73-PROO— 1C10(6-7) + ONT(10) + GNE7(10) + C184 “+ RIGA > IC151(76-41) > C158 —ATEI —> or IC181 (40-38) ~ R245 ~+ C245 —+ 10241 (4-5,8) + Speaker (4) Call Tone Transmission ‘The call signal which is generated in the ASIC (IC1) passes through analog G/A IC161 and IC241 (4 + 8, 5) tothe speaker. 1C1(85,87) —-—+ REQ ~ O56 y+ CN2(1) ~ CN272(1) ~ R186 — C187 ~ IC151(7E-41) + C158 RIGI + R60 -+ C57: IC18t (40-38) — R245 -+ C245 ~ 1C241(4-5,8) > Speaker (6) Busy/Dial Tone Detection The path Is the same as for FAX receiving. When itis detected, the carrier detect bit of the resistor in the modem. (1C11) becomes 1, and this status is monitored by the ASIC (IC1). ~135— NOLLWHadO LINDO