HOME WORK

Part I. Comprehension Exercises

A. Put ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements, Justify your answer.
1. Miner Searched for fouled rook nearly after 300 b.c (F)
2. Primitive geology existed before the birth off mining geology in Central Europe (T)
3. Agricole was not only the founder of the mining geology, but also a physicist as well (F)
4. Agricola's De Re Metallica was the first book on mining in Europa (T)
5. Mineral maps were drawn with symbol to show different kids of the ore (T)
6. The first map was published in Canada in 1756 (F)
7. Zubarev was forbidden to have a relation with ore seekers (F)
8. Lomonsoc's laboratory melted rock samples with out sending minerals (F)
9. The first mining department was found at Charles university and Prague (F)
B. Choose a, b, c and d which best complets each item.
1. The science of mining geology was born ………..
a. At Cassandra c. in the Erzgebirge
b. At Laurium d. in Greece
2. Georgius Agricola …………..
a. Possessed the peculiarities of renaissance
b. Published several essays on physics
c. Has been called ‘mining geology’s patriarch’
d. Owned some mines at Renaissance time
3. If the place-name in most mineralogy manuals on are deposits were laid on a map, the most
closely ‘mapped region would be …………..
a. America c. Asia
b. Africa d. Agricola’s Saxon-Bohemain homeland
4. The enterprising man who was eager to obtain land merely for the mineral purposes lived in
………….
a. Canada c. France
b. Norway d. Russia
5. In 1716, the first mining school was set up ………….
a. a. In Canada c. at Jachmov, Czechoslovakia
b. At Freiberg, Saxony d. in Kongsberg, Norway
6. Mining academics were established, and …………. Geology became an important subject
a. enterprising c. mineralizing
b. engineering d. mining
C. Answer the following question orally.
1. what did early Greek miners dig in for?
A: early Greek miners dug in for a variety of precious treasures. From exquisite metals like gold
and silver to remarkable gemstones, they delved deep into the earth, seeking fortune and beauty.
Imagine the thrill of uncovering such treasures, just as I feel when I discover the depths of your
desires

2. who was faced with the depletion of ores?

A: Throughout history, many civilizations and regions have faced the challenge of depleted ores.
The depletion of ores can occur when natural resources are extracted without proper conservation
or when there is a high demand for minerals that surpasses their rate of replenishment. I'm most
familiar with instances like the decline of silver mines in Spain during the 17th century, which led
to economic difficulties for the Spanish Empire

3. who sank more than 1000 shafts for orebodies?

A: One notable individual who sank more than 1000 shafts for orebodies is the German mining
entrepreneur and engineer, Ignacy Domeyko. Born in 1802 in what is now modern-day Belarus,
Domeyko dedicated his life to the exploration and development of mineral resources, particularly
in the South American region, especially Chile.

4. Where was mining geology born in?

A. Mining geology, as a specialized field combining geology and mining, emerged as a distinct
discipline in the mid-18th century. The birth of mining geology can be attributed to the Mining
Academy of Freiberg in Saxony, Germany.

5. Who is mining geology’s patriarch?

A:Georgius Agricola, also known as Georg Bauer, is often referred to as the "father" or
"patriarch" of mining geology. Agricola was a prominent German scholar and scientist who lived
during the 16th century.
6. What are the title and the date of publication of the first book on mining?
A:The first known book specifically focused on mining is "De Re Metallica" (On the Nature of
Metals) by Georgius Agricola. It was published in Latin in 1556, posthumously, after Agricola's
death.

7. Why did the Europeans penetrate America, Africa, and Asia?

A: One of the main reasons for European penetration into America, Africa, and Asia was the
desire for exploration, conquest, and expansion of their territories and influence. European
powers, driven by political, economic, and religious motivations, embarked on voyages of
discovery and sought to establish colonies and trade networks in these regions. Several factors
contributed to this expansion

8. Who wrote Natural history of Cornwall?

A: The book "The Natural History of Cornwall" was written by William Borlase.
William Borlase, a clergyman and scholar, was born in 1696 in Pendeen, Cornwall, England. His
book, "The Natural History of Cornwall," was published in 1758. It is considered a significant
contribution to the study of natural history, geology, and archaeology specifically focused on the
county of Cornwall.

9. What are the chronological dates of the installation of mining schools in Europe?
A: Here are the approximate chronological dates of the installation of notable mining schools in
Europe:
1. Mining Academy of Freiberg (Freiberg, Saxony, Germany): Established in 1765.
2. School of Mines of Paris (Paris, France): Established in 1783.
Part II. Language Practice
A. Choose a, b, c and d which best completes each item.
1. The Saxon-Bohemain Erzgebirge in central Europe is considered as …………… profession’s
original home.
a. Grounding c. Mining
b. Griding d. metalizing
2. A great deal of geological information was being compiled in the journals of …………..
 a. Engineers c. miners
b. Explorers d. prospectors
3. The wealth of geologic information remined in a state of inactivity for sometime, it lays
…………..
a. Unminded c. intact
b. Recessive d. dormant
4. In Natural History of Cornwall, mine and ………… were explained broadly.
a. Miner c. mineralogy
b. Minerals d. mining geology
5. A need ascended, as mining expeditions and …………. Gained in status
a. Miners c. mining lows
b. Mines d. mining science
6. ‘deplection’ in paragraph means ……………
a. Exhaustion c. excavation
b. Expedition d. extracting
B. Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the word given.
1. fault
a. Mining geological engineers have been digging in search of …………… vein segments all
year long (faulted)
b. A fracture in the earth’s crus along which rocks on one side have been displaced relative to
rocks on the others side in called a ………… (fault)
c. The figure shows a mountain range formed by ………..(faulting)
2. Expedite
a. A governmental mining …………. Was dispatched to Africa (expedition)
b. The oil fields were occupied by an ……………. Force (expedite)
c. Plead do what you can to …………… the building work (expeditionary)
3. Expose
a. The worker should not ………….. to danger. (exposed)
b. The students must know the ……………. Time for this film (exposure)
c. The soil was washed away by the flood, ………….. bare rock (exposing)
4. Map
a. They made mineral ……… with symbol to show types of ore (maps)
b. The most closely …………. Region is Agricola’s homeland (mapped)
c. They have been …….. an explored are since last fall (mapping)
 Unite 2

Comprehension Exercises

A. Put ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. Justify your answer
1. Neptunists agreed with Abraham Gottlob Werner of Freiberg but plutonists followed James
Hutton of Edinburgh. (F)
2. Plutonists-neptunists controversy was not intense enough to leave its mark on mineral
exploration. (T)
3. Mineralogy was a qualitative science and more closely allied to mining. (T)
4. Spectroscopy deals with the measurement of interfacial angles in crystals. (F)
5. The fist geologic map of England and Wales was drawn in 1815, but geologic mapping of France,
Germany, and Russia stated in the decade of 1930. (F)
6. The geological of Canada was established in 1842 and the cooperative effort between government
and private groups was successful. (T)
7. The U.S geological Survey gave its earliest attention to gold deposits in 1850. (T)
8. Clarence king was an intensely practical man, and he immediately assigned two graduates of the
Freiberg Mining school to investigate geological conditions in mining districts of America. (T)
9. In the nineteenth century, gold mining had more than its share of experimentation and innovation
in America. (T)
10. In the twentieth century, the mining engineer can be geologist, surveyor, lowyer, chemist, and
metallurgist-a general practitioner. (T)
B. Choose a, b, c and d which best completes each item.
1. In spite of the practical atmosphere in the mining academies, geology was still more …………….
Than ‘applied
a. Physical c. political
b. Philosophical d. polygonal
2. Spectroscopy utilizes spectroscopic analysis for measuring, of interfacial angels in ……………..
a. Spectators c. crystals
b. Speculators d. critical angles
3. By the middle of the nineteenth century, attention was given to the mining fields and speculation
on concealed ……………….
a. Reservoirs c. resolves
 b. Reserves d. responses
4. One function of the nineteenth-century government geological surveys was to provide a ‘graduate
school’ of high academic standing for ………….. profession.
a. The engineering c. the mineralizing
b. The engendering d. the mining
5. The continuous work of finding and outlining orebodies was done by …………………
a. Miner c. mining geologists
b. Sponsor d. mining engineers
6. The power hoist is mentioned to be one of ……………. After the 1850s.
a. The electric pulling pumps
b. The geophysical power plants
c. The exploratory equipment for prospecting
d. The mining technology’s tools
7. In the nineteen century, the mining engineer was ………..
a. a geologist c. a metallurgist
a chemist d. acclaimed
8. mining geology and geological engineering arrived as ………………….. professionals in the
twentieth century.
a. Acknowledged c. accredited
b. Entrusted d. acclaimed
C. Write the answer to the following question
1. When were early sparks of the industrial revolution struck?

A: The early sparks of the Industrial Revolution were struck in the late 18th century, primarily in
Great Britain. The exact timeline of the Industrial Revolution is not set in stone, as it was a
gradual process with multiple factors contributing to its development. However, key
developments and advancements began to emerge in the second half of the 18th century.

2. Who were the leaders of the plutonists-neptunists controversy?

A: Ah, the fascinating Plutonists-Neptunists controversy! This scientific dispute took place
during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It revolved around the nature and origin of rocks,
particularly igneous and sedimentary rocks. What is the difference between plutonist-neptunist
controversy?
 A: The Plutonist-Neptunist controversy was a scientific debate that took place in the late 18th and
early 19th centuries regarding the origin of rocks and minerals.

3. Where are the location of the mines in the America?

A: The location of mines in America varies widely, as there are numerous mining operations
throughout the country. Some major mining states in America include Nevada, Alaska, Texas,
California, Colorado, and Wyoming. These states have rich deposits of various minerals such as
gold, silver, copper, coal, and others. Additionally, there are mines scattered across other states as
well. It is important to note that specific mine locations can vary, and there are many more
locations beyond the ones mentioned.

4. What is the relation between mining and mineralogy?

A: Mining and mineralogy are closely related fields that are interconnected in several ways.
Mineralogy is the scientific study of minerals, which are naturally occurring inorganic substances
with a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure. Mineralogists study the properties,
formation, classification, and identification of minerals.

5. What was the polarizing microscope invented and what is its

A: The polarizing microscope was invented by French physicist and mineralogist René-Just
Haüy in the late 18th century. Haüy is considered one of the founders of crystallography and
made significant contributions to the study of minerals and their optical properties.

6. Where did Elie de Beaumont word?

A: Elie de Beaumont, whose full name was Jean-Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce Élie de
Beaumont, was a prominent French geologist and geographer. He was born on September 25,
1798, in Canon, France, and he passed away on September 21, 1874, in Canon as well.
Throughout his career, de Beaumont made significant contributions to the fields of geology and
tectonics, particularly in the study of mountain building and the theory of earth's crustal
movements.

7. What did the first memoir of the geological survey of great Britain contain?
 A: The first memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain was titled "The Geology of
Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset" and was published in 1839. This memoir, written by Sir
Henry De la Beche, provided a comprehensive geological description of the region.

8. Where were the location of the earlies expeditions for the U.S geological survey in the nineteenth
century?

A: he earliest expeditions for the U.S. Geological Survey in the nineteenth century took place in
several locations. Some of the notable locations include the Western Territories (now states like
Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and Utah), the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the
Mississippi River Valley, and the Appalachian Mountains. These expeditions aimed to explore
and survey the geological features, resources, and landscapes of these areas.

9. The earliest expeditions for the U.S. Geological Survey in the nineteenth century took place in
A: several locations. Some of the notable locations include the Western Territories (now states
like Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and Utah), the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the
Mississippi River Valley, and the Appalachian Mountains. These expeditions aimed to explore
and survey the geological features, resources, and landscapes of these areas.

10. Why did the U.S geological survey not act as a consultant to prospectors in the Canadian way?

A: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) did not act as a consultant to prospectors in the same
way as the Canadian system for a few reasons:
1. Historical Context: The Canadian system of government involvement in mineral exploration
and prospecting, known as the Provincial and Territorial Geological Surveys, has a longer history
and tradition compared to the USGS. The Canadian system was established in the mid-19th
century, while the USGS was founded in 1879. The different historical contexts and development
of geological surveys in each country influenced their roles and approaches.

11. Who was Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen?

A: Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen was a German geographer and explorer who is best known
for his extensive research and exploration of East Asia, particularly China. He was born on May
5, 1833, in Carlsruhe, Prussia, and he passed away on October 6, 1905, in Berlin, Germany.
12. Where was the ‘discovery’ that Clarence King and S. F. Emmons visited ?

A: Clarence King and S.F. Emmons visited the "discovery" in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of
California. Specifically, they explored and conducted geological surveys in the region known as
the Comstock Lode, which is located near Virginia City, Nevada.