FORMULA SHEET DRONA

TRIGONOMETRY JEE
PHYSICS

FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS TRIPLE ANGLE FORMULAS

1 1
sin⁡ θ = cosec⁡ θ = sin⁡ 3θ = 3sin⁡ θ − 4sin3 ⁡ θ
cosec⁡ θ sin⁡ θ
1 1 cos⁡ 3θ = 4cos 3 ⁡ θ − 3cos⁡ θ
cos⁡θ = sec⁡ θ = 3tan⁡ θ − tan3 ⁡ θ
sec⁡ θ cos⁡ θ tan⁡ 3θ =
1 1 1 − 3tan2 ⁡ θ
tan⁡ θ = cot⁡ θ =
cot⁡ θ tan⁡ θ
sin⁡ θ cos⁡ θ
tan⁡ θ = cot⁡ θ = HALF ANGLE FORMULAS
cos⁡ θ sin⁡ θ
θ 1−cos⁡ θ
sin⁡ 2 = ±√ 2
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
θ 1 + cos⁡ θ
sin2 ⁡ θ + cos2 ⁡ θ = 1 cos⁡ = ±√
2 2
tan2 ⁡ θ + 1 = sec 2 ⁡ θ
cot 2 θ + 1 = cosec 2 ⁡ θ θ 1 − cos⁡ θ 1 − cos⁡ θ sin⁡ θ
tan⁡ = ±√ ⁡= ⁡=
2 1 + cos⁡ θ sin⁡ θ 1 + cos⁡ θ
ANGLE ADDITION FORMULAS
COFUNCTION FORMULAS (IN QUADRANT I)
sin⁡(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B ⁡
sin⁡(A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B π π
sin⁡ θ = cos⁡ ( − θ) cos⁡θ = sin⁡ ( − θ)
cos⁡(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B 2 2
cos⁡(A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B π π
tan⁡ θ = cot⁡ ( − θ) cot⁡θ = tan⁡ ( − θ)
tan⁡ A + tan⁡ B 2 2
tan⁡(A + B) = π π
1 − tan A tan⁡ B sec⁡ θ = cosec⁡ ( − θ) cosec⁡ θ = sec⁡ ( − θ)
tan⁡ A − tan⁡ B 2 2
tan⁡(A − B) =
1 + tan A tan⁡ B
PRODUCT-TO-SUM FORMULAS
DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS 1
sin⁡ A ⋅ sin⁡ B = [cos⁡(A − B) − cos⁡(A + B)]
sin⁡ 2θ⁡= 2 sin θ cos⁡ θ 2
1
cos⁡ 2θ⁡= cos2 ⁡ θ − sin2 ⁡ θ cos⁡ A ⋅ cos⁡ B = [cos⁡(A − B) + cos⁡(A + B)]
cos⁡ 2θ⁡= 1 − 2sin2 ⁡ θ 2
1
cos⁡ 2θ⁡= 2cos 2⁡ θ − 1 sin⁡ A ⋅ cos⁡ B = [sin⁡(A + B) + sin⁡(A − B)]
2tan⁡ θ 2
tan⁡ 2θ⁡= 1
1 − tan2 ⁡ θ cos⁡ A ⋅ sin⁡ B = [sin⁡(A + B) − sin⁡(A − B)]
2

1
 SUM-TO-PRODUCT FORMULAS
A+B A−B
sin⁡ A + sin⁡ B = 2 ⋅ sin⁡ ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ ( )
2 2
A−B A+B
sin⁡ A − sin⁡ B = 2 ⋅ sin⁡ ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ ( )
2 2
A+B A−B
cos⁡ A + cos⁡ B = 2 ⋅ cos⁡ ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ ( )
2 2
A+B A−B
cos⁡ A − cos⁡ B = −2 ⋅ sin⁡ ( ) ⋅ sin⁡ ( )
2 2

2
 UNIT & MEASUREMENT

Dimensions of Some Physical Quantities

Physical Quantity and Relationship with Other Physical Dimensional
SI. SI Unit
Symbol Quantities Formula

1. Area (A) Length × Breadth m2 M 0 L2 T0

2. Volume (V) Length × Breadth × Height m3 M 0 L3 T0

Mass
3. Mass density (ρ) kgm−3 ML−3 T 0
Volume
Surface Mass Mass
4. kgm−2 ML−2 T 0
Density (σ) Area

Linear Mass Density Mass

5. kgm−1 ML−1 T 0
(λ) Length

1
6. Frequency (v) Hz M 0 L0 T −1
Time period

Displacement Distance
7. Velocity, Speed (v) , ms −1 M 0 LT −1
Time Time
8. Acceleration (a) Velocity/Time ms −2 M 0 LT −2

9. Force (F) Mass × Acceleration newton (N) MLT −2

10. Impulse (I) Force × Time Ns MLT −1

11. Work, Energy (W, E) Force × Distance joule (J) ML2 T −2

Work
12. Power (P) watt (W) ML2 T −3
Time
13. Momentum (p) Mass × Velocity kgms −1 MLT −1

Kinetic energy 1
14. (2) × Mass × ( Velocity )2 J ML2 T −2
(K or K.E.)

Mass × Acceleration due to gravity ×

15. Potential energy (U) J ML2 T −2
Height

Force
16. Spring Constant (k) Nm−1 ML0 T −2
Extension

1
 Elastic Potential 1
17. ( Spring constant )( Extension )2 J ML2 T −2
Energy (U) 2

Angle, Angular Arc

18. radian M 0 L0 T0
displacement ( θ ) Radius

Trigonometric ratio
Length
19. (sin θ, cos θ, tan θ, No Units M 0 L0 T0
Length
etc.)

Angle −1
20. Angular velocity (ω) rads M 0 L0 T −1
Time
Angular acceleration Angular velocity −2
21. rads M 0 L0 T −2
(α) Time

22. Radius of gyration (k) Distance m M 0 LT 0

2
23. Moment of inertia (I) Mass × (Radius of gyration) kgm2 ML2 T 0

24. Angular momentum (L) Moment of inertia × Angular velocity kgm2 s −1 ML2 T −1

Moment of force,
25. Force × Distance Nm ML2 T −2
moment of couple (τ)
Angular momentum
26. Torque (τ) or Force × Distance Nm ML2 T −2
Time

−1
27. Angular frequency (ω) 2π × Frequency rads M 0 L0 T −1
1
Rotational kinetic × Moment of inertia ×
28. 2 J ML2 T −2
energy (RKE) ( Angular velocity )2

29. Angular impulse (J) Torque × Time Js ML2 T −2

Centripetal ( Velocity )2
30. ms −2 M 0 LT −2
acceleration (ac) Radius
Force
31 Pressure (P) Nm−2 ML−1 T −2
Area
Restoring force
32 Stress Nm−2 ML−1 T −2
Area
Change in dimension
33 Strain No units M 0 L0 T0
Original dimension

Modulus of elasticity Stress

34
Strain Nm−2 ML−1 T −2
(E)

Force
35 Surface tension (T or σ) Nm−1 ML0 T −2
Length
Energy
36 Surface energy Jm−2 (= Nm−1 ) ML0 T −2
Area
Speed
37 Speed gradient s −1 M 0 L0 T −1
Distance
Pressure
38 Pressure gradient Nm−3 ML−2 T −2
Distance
2
39 Pressure energy Pressure × Volume Nm(=J) ML2 T −2

π ( Pressure ) × ( Radius )4
40 Fluid flow rate (V) ( ) m3 s−1 M 0 L3 T −1
8 ( Viscosity coefficient ) × ( Length )

Bulk modulus (B) Volume × (Change in pressure)

41 Nm−2 ML−1 T −2
or (Compressibility)−1 (Change in volume)

Coefficient of viscosity Force

42 Area × Speed gradient kgm−1 s −1 ML−1 T −1
(η)

43 Wavelength (λ) Distance m M 0 LT 0

Recession speed
44 Hubble constant (H) s −1 M 0 L0 T −1
Distance
Area of patch on surface of sphere
45 Solid Angle (Ω) steradian M 0 L0 T0
( Radius of sphere )2

Energy
46 Intensity of wave (I) ( ) Wm−2 ML0 T −3
Time
Area
Intensity of wave
47 Radiation pressure (P) Wm−3 s ML−1 T −2
Speed of light

Energy
48 Energy density (u) Jm−3 ML−1 T −2
Volume
Renold's number × Coefficient of viscocity
49 Critical velocity (vc ) ms −1 M 0 LT −1
Mass density × Diameter

50 Escape velocity (ve ) √2 × Acceleration due to gravity × Earth's radius ms −1 M 0 LT −1

Heat energy, internal Work (= Force × Distance)

51 J ML2 T −2
energy (Q, U)

Output work or energy

52 Efficiency (η) M 0 L0 T0
Input work or energy

Gravitational constant Force × ( Distance )2

53 Nm2 kg−2 M −1 L3 T−2
(G) Mass × Mass

Energy
54 Planck constant (h) Js ML2 T −1
Frequency

Heat capacity (C), Heat energy

55 Temperature JK −1 ML2 T −2 K −1
entropy (S)

Specific heat capacity Heat Energy

56 Jkg −1 K −1 M 0 L2 T −2 K −1
(c) Mass × Temperature

Heat energy
57 Latent heat ( L ) Jkg −1 M 0 L2 T −2
Mass
Thermal expansion Change in dimension
58 coefficient or Thermal Original dimension × temperature K −1 M 0 L0 K −1
expansivity (α, β or γ)

3
 Thermal conductivity Heat energy × Thickness Js −1 m−1 K −1
59 MLT −3 K −1
(κ) Area × Temperature × Time (= Wm−1 K −1)

Energy
( )
60 Stefan's constant (σ) Area × Time Wm−2 K −4 ML0 T −3 K −4
( Temperature )4

61 Wien constant (b) Wavelength × Temperature Km M 0 LT 0 K

Boltzmann constant Energy

62 Temperature JK −1 ML2 T −2 K −1
(k B )

Universal gas constant Pressure × Volume ML2 T −2 K −1 mol−1

63 JK −1 mol−1
(R) Mole × Temperature

64 Charge (Q) Current × Time C (coulomb) M 0 L0 TA

Current M 0 L−2 T 0 A
65 Current density (J) Am−2
Area
Voltage, electric ML2 T −3 A−1
66 potential, electromotive Work V (volt)
force (V or E) Charge

Potential difference ML2 T −3 A−2

67 Resistance (R) ohm ( Ω )
Current
Charge M −1L−2T 4 A2
68 Capacitance (C) farad (F)
Potential difference
Electrical resistivity (ρ) Resistance × Area ML3 T −3 A−2
69 Electrical
−1 Length Ωm
or ( conductivity )

Electrical force NC −1 MLT −3A−1

70 ⃗)
Electric field (E Charge (or Vm−1 )

Electrical Field × Area NC −1 m2 ML3 T −3 A−1

71 Electric flux (ϕE )
(or Vm)

Electric dipole moment Torque Cm (Coulomb M 0 LTA

72 Electric field
(p
⃗) metre)

Electric field strength Potential difference MLT −3A−1

73 Distance Vm−1
⃗)
or electric intensity (E

Magnetic field, Force ML0 T −2 A−1

74 Magnetic flux density, Current × Length tesla (T)
⃗)
Magnetic induction (B

75 Magnetic flux (ϕB ) Magnetic field × Area Weber=Tm2) ML2 T −2 A−1

Magnetic flux
76 Inductance (L) henry (H) ML2 T −2 A−2
Current
Magnetic dipole Torque
77 or Current × Area Am2 M 0 L2T 0 A
moment (m
⃗⃗⃗ ) Magnetic field

4
 Magnetic field strength, Magnetic moment
magnetic intensity or Volume
78 magnetic moment Am−1 M 0 L−1 T 0 A
⃗ or ⃗H
density (B ⃗)

Permittivity constant Charge × Charge

79 C 2 N−1 m−2 M −1L−3T 4 A2
(of free space) (ε0 ) 4π × Electric force × ( Distance )2

Permeability constant 2π × Force × Distance

80 NA−2 or H/m MLT −2A−2
(of free space) (μ0 ) (Current)2 × length

Speed of light in vacuum

81 Refractive index ( μ ) M 0 L0 T0
Speed of light in medium

82 Faraday constant (F) Avogadro constant × Elementary charge Cmol−1 M 0 L0 TAmol−1

2π
83 Wave number (λ‾) m−1 M 0 L−1T 0
Wavelength

Radiant flux, Radiant Energy emitted

84 W ML2 T −3
power Time

Luminosity of radiant Radiant power of radiant flux of source

85 Wsr −1 ML2 T −3
flux or radiant intensity Solid angle

Luminous power or Radiant power of radiant flux of source

86 W ML2 T −3
luminous flux of source Solid angle

Luminous intensity or Luminous flux

87 illuminating power of Solid angle Wsr −1 ML2 T −3
source

Intensity of Luminous intensity

88 illumination or ( Distance )2 Wm−2 sr −1 ML0 T −3
luminance

( Luminous flux of a source

of given wavelength
)
89. Relative luminosity M 0 L0 T0
( Luminous flux of peak sensitivity wavelength
(555 nm) source of same power
)

Total luminous flux

90. Luminous efficiency M 0 L0 T0
Total radiant flux
Illuminance or Luminous flux incident
91. Wm−2 ML0 T −3
illumination Area
(Sum of masses of nucleons)-
92. Mass defect (Δm) kg ML0 T 0
(Mass of the nucleus)

Binding energy of Mass defect × ( Speed of light in vacuum )2

93. J ML2 T −2
nucleus (BE)

0.693
94. Decay constant (λ) s −1 M 0 L0 T −1
Half life
1
95. Resonant frequency ( Inductance × Capacitance )−2 Hz M 0 L0 T −1

Quality factor of Resonant frequency × Inductance

96. M 0 L0 T0
Q-factor of coil (Q) Resistance
97. Power of lens (P) (Focal length)–1 dioptre (D) M 0 L−1T 0

5
 Image distance
98. Magnification (m) M 0 L0 T0
Object distance

Capacitive reactance (Angular frequency × Capacitance)–1

99. ohm( Ω ) ML2 T −3 A−2
(X C )

Inductive reactance (Angular frequency × Inductance)

100. ohm( Ω ) ML2 T −3 A−2
(X L)

Quantities Having same Dimensions

Physical Quantities Dimensional Formula
Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient and decay constant [M 0 L0 T −1]
Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque, moment of force. [M1 L2 T −2]
Pressure, stress, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, energy density. [M1L−1 T−2 ]
Momentum, impulse. [M1 L1 T −1]
Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational field intensity. [M 0 L1 T −2]
Thrust, force, weight, energy gradient. [M1 L1 T −2]
Angular momentum and Planck's constant [M1 L2 T −1]
Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area). [M1 L0 T −2]
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance gradient, relative
[M 0 L0T 0 ]
permittivity (dielectric constant), relative permeability etc.
Latent heat and gravitational potential. [M 0 L2 T −2]
Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy. [ML2 T−2 K −1 ]
l m R
√g , √ k , √ g , where l = length, g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring
[M 0 L0T1 ]
constant, R = Radius of earth.
L
, √LC, RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C = capacitance. [M 0 L0T1 ]
R
V2 q2
I 2 Rt, R t, VIt, qV, LI 2 , C , CV 2 where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance,
[ML2T −2 ]
C = capacitance, R = resistance

6
DIFFERENTIATION

1
2
 INTEGRALS

Some Indefinite Integrals

1
2