DARAL KHAWAR HYDROPOWER PLANT (PEDO)
BEHRAIN ,SWAT
ASSIGNMENT REPORT
TITLE
DESIGNING A PUMP FOR HEAD OF 40m
SUBMITTED BY:
WALEED HASSAN
SUBMITTED TO:
SECTION INCHARGE(MECH)
SIR ABDUL BASIT
HOW TO DESIGN A PUMP FOR SPECIFIC HEAD
1. Define the Requirements
Flow rate (Q): Volume of fluid to be moved (e.g., m³/h or L/s)
Total head (H): The vertical height the fluid must be lifted, including
pressure and friction losses
Type of fluid: Determines pump material and design (e.g., water, oil,
slurry)
2. Select Pump Type
Based on the flow and head:
Centrifugal pump: Best for medium to high flow and moderate head
Reciprocating pump: For high head and low flow
Gear/diaphragm pump: For precise or chemical handling
3. Calculate Hydraulic Power
Phydraulic=ρ⋅g⋅Q⋅H
Phydraulic=ρ⋅g⋅Q⋅H
Where:
ρ = density of fluid (kg/m³)
g = 9.81 m/s²
Q = flow rate (m³/s)
H = total head (m)
4. Estimate Shaft Power
Pshaft=Phydraulic/η
Where η is pump efficiency (typically 0.6–0.85)
5. Design Pump Components
Impeller: Diameter, number of blades, and shape are designed using
affinity laws
Casing: Volute or diffuser design to direct flow smoothly
Shaft, seals, and bearings: Designed based on torque and operating
conditions
6. Check NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head)
Ensure:
NPSHa>NPSHr
to avoid cavitation.
7. Validate with Pump Curve
Compare your operating point (Q vs H) with a pump performance curve to
ensure:
Pump will operate near its Best Efficiency Point (BEP)
8. Material and Manufacturing
Select materials based on:
Corrosiveness
Temperature
Pressure requirements
Conclusion:
Pump design is a balance between hydraulic performance, mechanical integrity,
and efficiency. A well-designed pump ensures reliable operation, minimal
energy loss, and long service life.
DESIGNING A PUMP HAVING PRESSURE HEAD IS 40m
· Head (H) = 40 meters
· Flow Rate (Q) = 210 m³/h = 0.0583 m³/s
· Fluid = Assuming water (ρ = 1000 kg/m³)
· Pump Type = Centrifugal pump (best for this range of head and flow)
Step 1: Calculate Hydraulic Power
Phydraulic=ρ⋅g⋅Q⋅H
Phydraulic=ρ⋅g⋅Q⋅H
=1000⋅9.81⋅0.0583⋅40
=22,885.32 watts≈22.9 kWP
Step 2: Estimate Shaft Power (Assume 75% efficiency)
Pshaft=Phydraulic\η
Pshaft=22.9\0.75
=22.90.75≈30.5 kWP
So, you need a motor of at least 30.5 kW (use 35 kW for safety margin).
Step 3: Select Pump Type
A single-stage centrifugal pump should be fine for:
Head: 40 m
Flow: 210 m³/h
But if space/efficiency constraints apply, consider multistage or split-case
pumps.
Step 4: Impeller & Pump Speed (Using Affinity Laws)
Let’s assume a base pump has:
Flow: 100 m³/h
Head: 25 m
Speed: 2900 RPM
We want 210 m³/h and 40 m head.
Use affinity laws:
describe the relationships between flow rate, head (pressure), and power
in pumps (and fans) as their speed changes
Step 5: NPSH Check:
Use manufacturer curves to find NPSHr at 210 m³/h (likely ~2–3 m)
Ensure system design gives NPSHa > NPSHr (to avoid cavitation)
Step 6: Summary of Design
Parameter Value
Flow Rate (Q) 210 m³/h (0.0583 m³/s)
Total Head (H) 40 m
Hydraulic Power 22.9 kW
Shaft Power Required 30.5 kW
Motor Power Suggested 35 kW
Pump Type Centrifugal
Recommended Speed 2900 RPM
Impeller Diameter 26% larger than base for 25 m head
Material Cast iron or SS (for water)
Suction/Discharge Size Depends on velocity (2.5–3 m/s optimal)