LESSON 1: HUMAN FLOURISHING EUDAIMONIA

DEFINED Eudaimonia means true happiness or

“good spirit,” introduced by Aristotle. It is
the highest form of happiness achieved by
HAPPINESS – is a central aspect of human living a virtuous, meaningful life and
flourishing but differs from it in scope. focusing on personal growth and human
flourishing, not just pleasure.
Eudaimonia, according to Aristotle, is the
Different Lenses on HAPPINESS: highest goal of human life. It is true
PSYCHOLOGY - Happiness is a mental happiness or human flourishing that we
and emotional state of well-being. It pursue for its own sake, while other things
includes positive feelings like are just means to achieve it. It is achieved
contentment, satisfaction, and joy. It by living a good life through virtuous
shows how a person feels and actions and personal excellence, and it
experiences satisfaction in life. reflects the overall quality of a person’s
life.
BEHAVIORISTS - Happiness is a
combination of emotions that come from
doing positive actions or behaviors. HUMAN FLOURISHING – is the ability to
live a good life.
NEUROLOGIST - Happiness comes from HUMAN - A human is a being that can
hormones in the brain released as think, make choices, build relationships,
rewards for beneficial behaviors. and look for meaning beyond survival.

FLOURISHING - Flourishing means

Two Main Views of HAPPINESS: reaching your full potential by living a
HEDONISTIC VIEW good, purposeful life through virtuous
Happiness is the opposite of suffering or actions and harmony with yourself and
pain. People feel happy when they others.
experience pleasure and avoid pain. HUMAN FLOURISHING
Hedonists believe the goal of life is to gain
more happiness and less misery. Human flourishing means reaching your
Happiness means satisfaction and full potential by living a good and
enjoyment. meaningful life. It is about living with
virtue, reason, and purpose, not just
seeking pleasure. It is also called “living
EUDAIMONIC VIEW well” or the good life (eudaimonia).
Eudaimonia comes from Greek words Human flourishing is explained in
meaning “good (eu) spirit (daimon).” Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, which
Happiness means becoming a better and describes the good life for humans.

wiser person. People achieve happiness Key Components of Flourishing:

by learning, improving themselves, and PHRONESIS (Practical Wisdom)
doing meaningful activities. It focuses on Phronesis, or practical wisdom, is the
personal growth, purpose, and spiritual ability to make good and moral decisions
richness. Long-term fulfillment. using experience, reasoning, and ethical
judgment.
 4. INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL
FRIENDSHIP - Friendship is a strong DEVELOPMENT- growing in knowledge,
relationship with others that helps a person wisdom, and good character
grow emotionally and morally.
5. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS - building
POWER - Power is not just control over good and meaningful relationships with
others, but the ability to act effectively and others.
make meaningful contributions to society.

WEALTH - Wealth is the material resources HUMAN FLOURISHNG

or possessions that provide stability and help
In Ancient Greek society, people believed
support human needs.
that human flourishing leads to true
happiness and the good life. As time
changed, the meaning of human flourishing
ARISTOTLE’S FRAMEWORK: also changed. People found ways to live
more comfortably, travel farther, create more
According to Aristotle, human flourishing is
products, and earn more income to improve
achieved through:
life.
1. VIRTUE (Arete) – moral excellence or
good character, such as honesty and
discipline. HUMAN FLOURISHING IN THE MODERN
WOLRD
2. KNOWLEDGE – understanding and
wisdom, which includes: Today, people are expected to become
responsible members of the global
Episteme – theoretical knowledge or
community (man of the world).
knowing facts and ideas
Phronesis (Practical Wisdom) – They work with institutions and governments
applying knowledge in real life and to achieve; COMMON GOALS.
making good decisions.
In modern society, COOPERATION and
COORDINATION are becoming more
important than competition for survival.
DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN FLOURISHING:
Human flourishing is holistic, meaning it
involves different aspects of life, such as: EASTERN vs. WESTERN CONCEPTION
OF HUMAN FLOURISHING
1. PHYSICAL WELL-BEING - being healthy
and taking care of the body

EASTERN CONCEPTION
2. PURPOSE AND MEANING - having goals
and direction in life Focus is community-centric
Individual should sacrifice themselves for
3. EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL the sake of society.
HEALTH - having a healthy mind and Studies of literature, science, and art.
emotions
Examples of Eastern views on human LESSON 2: TECHNOLOGY AS A
flourishing include: MOOD OF REVEALING
Chinese Confucian System
– emphasizes morality, respect, harmony,
TECHNOLOGY AS A MOOD OF
and good relationships with others.
REVEALING
Japanese Bushido
Science and technology have changed
– the “way of the warrior,” which values
people’s way of life and created a
honor, discipline, loyalty, and self-control.
generation gap. While technology is
meant to help everyone, many older
people find it difficult to use because they
WESTERN CONCEPTION
are used to simpler ways of living.
Focused more on individual.
Human flourishing as an end.
HOMO ERECTUS
Eudaimonia as the ultimate goal.
ARISTOTELIAN VIEW – focuses on the Lived millions of years ago and migrated
individual achieving happiness and human from Africa to different regions.
flourishing through virtue, reason, and They used fire, made stone tools for
personal excellence. survival.
Lived in groups that showed early
cooperation and problem-solving skills.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and HUMAN
FLOURISHING
HOMO SAPIENS
Science and technology help human
flourishing through discoveries, Homo sapiens emerged about 300,000
innovations, and achievements that years ago in Africa and spread to other
increase human knowledge. continents.
Humans continuously seek to understand Developed advanced tools, metals, and
their place in the world and trace their clothing that improved survival.
evolution through evidence. This process Showed creativity through art, jewelry, and
strengthens human understanding and decorated items.
sense of importance. Practiced rituals and traditions that
reflected early culture and beliefs.
According to Martin Heidegger;
Technology is a human activity where people HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON
excel because of scientific progress. The ERA
concept of the “good” is inherently related to
During the Common Era, humans
truth and connected to how humans use
changed from simply living in harmony
technology and knowledge to improve life and
with nature to modifying their environment
society.
because of population growth and the
need for survival and progress.
FORMATION OF CIVILIZATION AND MORTALITY RATE: Technology helps reduce
SOCIAL STRUCTURES deaths of mothers and babies during childbirth,
improves medical care, and supports premature
Communities developed cultures and infants and recovery of mothers.
social systems. The need for resources
caused trade, warfare, and new ways of AVERAGE LIFESPAN: better medicine and
managing society, while technology living conditions help people live longer and
shaped social and economic life. reduce deaths caused by disease and conflict.

LITERACY RATE: more access to education

TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT makes people more knowledgeable and skilled.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product): higher

Trade began with the barter system for
productivity from technology increases a
exchanging goods. It grew from meeting
country’s total economic output.
basic needs to building wealth and
productivity, creating interdependence
between communities and leading to
ESSENCE OF TECHNOLOGY
complex economic systems.
Technology helps humans survive, improve
life, and develop society. However, it cannot
ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL give people life purpose or teach them what
IMPACTS is right and wrong.

Technology in farming, construction, and

tools helped humans feed and support MARTIN HEIDEGGER's PERSPECTIVE ON
more people. However, it also damaged TECHNOLOGY
the environment by causing too much
Martin Heidegger says technology is not just
hunting and fishing, leading to the loss of
a tool but a way people understand and
many species. This is known today as the
interact with the world. While it helps
Holocene or Anthropocene extinction.
progress, too much reliance on it can make
humans and nature seen only as resources,
IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN LIFE so we must use it responsibly and think
about values and purpose.
Technology made human life more
comfortable, helped people survive, and
supported creativity. But it cannot give GROWTH AND FOOD LIFE
meaning to life or teach right and wrong.
Even with progress in society, resources, A good life is not only about material
and trade, people still experience conflict, success. It also needs balance between
lack of resources, and inequality. technology, ethics, culture, and caring for
nature.

THEN vs. NOW: IMPACT OF

BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
TECHNOLOGY
Technology helps people survive and
Technology in the past compared to today progress, but true fulfillment comes from
shows big changes. balancing it with values, culture, and life
purpose.
LIMIT OF TECHNOLOGY 3. REPEATABLE– can be done again and
give the same results
Technology improves life and survival, but it
has limits. True progress needs balance
with ethics, responsibility, and care for
people and the environment. STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Observation

LESSON 3: SCIENCE AS METHOD 2. Problem Identification

AND RESULTS 3. Hypothesis Formation

4. Experimentation

Science is a systematic way of understanding 5. Data Collection and Analysis

the world using careful study and evidence. 6. Conclusion and Recommendation

Science helps us understand the world OBSERVATION

through:
Careful study of events/situation. It helps
OBSERVATION – carefully watching and identify patterns/problems
noticing things using the senses
EXPERIMENTATION – testing ideas to see if
they are true PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

LOGICAL THINKING – using clear and Defines what needs to be studied

correct reasoning to understand problems Focuses the investigation

Two Aspects of Science: HYPOTHESIS FORMATION

METHODS – the process of investigating or Educated guess based on observation.

studying something step by step Type of Hypothesis:
RESULTS – the knowledge or conclusions 1. NULL HYPOTHESIS - no relationship
gained from research between variables.
2. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS - there is a
SCIENCE AS A METHOD relationship/effect

Is a structured process used to solve

problems and answer questions. EXPERIMENTATION
Conducted to text the hypothesis.
It ensures that investigations are: Types of Variable:
1. LOGICAL – follows clear and correct 1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE - the factor
reasoning being changed.
2. EVIDENCE-BASED – based on facts, 2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE - the factor
data, and proof affected by the change.
DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION Observable facts – things that can be seen,
SCIENTIST noticed, or experienced directly
Record and analyze data, interpret results Measurable evidence – information that can
logically and accept or reject the be counted, tested, or measured
hypothesis.
They may also suggest future research.
They also believed that an idea is only
meaningful if it can be tested and proven
using evidence.
SCIENCE AS RESULTS
Knowledge gained from investigations.
EXAMPLES OF VERIFICATION THEORY
Scientific Results:
1. Medicine – Doctors test new drugs
Confirm or modify ideas
through experiments and clinical trials to see
Lead to discoveries, and technology
if they really work and are safe.
Shared for verification and further study
2. Albert Einstein Prediction of
Gravitational Waves – Scientists did not
VERIFICATION THEORY have the technology to prove it at that time,
and later they were observed and measured
Explains how we can know if something is
using advanced instruments, proving the
scientific or true by checking it through
theory.
evidence and testing.
3. Quantum Mechanics – Scientific
experiments are used to test and confirm
KNOWLEDGE MUST BE:
predictions about particles and energy at the
Tested – checked through experiments or smallest scale.
investigation to see if it is correct
Observed – seen or noticed using the
LIMITATIONS OF VERIFICATION THEORY
senses or instruments
Not all ideas can be tested
Repeated – tested again and again to
Technology may not be advanced enough
confirm the same result
People can be bias
Example:
Example of Verification Theory:
Astrology - belief without strong evidence.
A scientist claims that plants grow faster
with sunlight. If the results are consistent,
the claim is considered scientifically valid. FALSIFICATION THEORY
Proposed by Karl Popper
It explains how science works by testing
VIENNA CIRCLE
ideas to see if they can be proven wrong.
They were thinkers who believed that Idea: Scientific theories cannot be proven
science should only focus on facts that we 100% true forever. Instead, they must be
can observe and measure. testable and able to be disproven
(falsified).
Idea:
They believed science should focus only on:
 Scientific Theories cannot be fully proven
true
They must be testable and capable of
being disproven

Importance:
Encourages critical thinking
Helps improve and correct scientific ideas
Makes science more reliable through
constant testing

Examples:
“All swans are white” – This can be
proven false by finding just one black
swan.
Medicine – A drug is tested, and if it
causes harmful effects, the theory that it is
safe is rejected or revised.
Gravity theories – If an experiment shows
results that do not match predictions,
scientists revise or improve the theory.