Configure, Verify Static Routing:
When routers learn from an administrator, it is called static routing. In static routing, we must
add all network locations manually. If any change occurs in network, administrator is
responsible to update it by hand in all routers.
Default Route:
A Default Route also known as the gateway of last resort is a special type of static route. Where
a static route specifies a path a router should use to reach a specific destination, a default route
specifies a path the router should use if it doesn’t know how to reach the destination.
Default Route is the Network Route used by a router when there is no other known route exists
for a given IP destination address. All the IP with unknown destination address are sent to the
default route.
Network Route:
Network Route used by a router when there is no other known route exists for a given IP
destination address. All the IP with unknown destination address are sent to the default route.
Host Route:
A host route is where the destination address is a specific device IP with a subnet mask of /32
for IPv4 or /128 for IPv6. Also, installed Automatically when an IP address is configured on the
router interface.
Floating Static Routes:
Floating Static routes are static routes that have an Administrative Distance greater than the
Administrative Distance of another static route or dynamic routes. They are very useful when
providing a backup to a primary link. By default, static routes have an AD of 1.
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Configure & Verify Static Routing
Description Commands
Create default route with next hop R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
Create default route with exit interface R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] s0/0
Create static route with next hop R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
Create static route with exit interface R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] s0/0
Create specific route for host R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link]
[Link]
Creating floating static routes first one R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
has default AD, second one is AD 5 R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
5
Creating floating static routes first one R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link]
has default AD, second one is AD 5 R(config)# ip route [Link] [Link] [Link] 5
Display ip routing table R# show ip route
Display only connected routes R# show ip route connected
Display only static routes R# show ip route static
Display only given IP address route R# show ip route [IP-Address]
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Packet Handling & Forwarding Decision:
When an IPv4 packet arrives on a router interface, the router de-encapsulates the Layer 2
frame and examines the Layer 3 IPv4 header. The router identifies the destination IPv4
address, and proceeds through the route lookup process. The router scans the routing
table to find a best match for the destination IPv4 address. The best match is the longest
match in the table. For example, if the destination IPv4 address is [Link] and the
entries in the routing table are for [Link]/12, [Link]/18, and [Link]/26, the
longest match and the entry used for the packet is [Link]/26.
Frame Rewrite:
The frame rewrite procedure by the router is to encapsulates the IP packet with the same
source and destination IP address that was sent from the original sending device into a new
Layer 2 frame. It changes the source MAC address to the forwarding interface of the local
router. The router changes the destination MAC address to the receiving interface of the next
hop device. An FCS as part of the trailer is also added. This process continues from hop
to hop on Ethernet networks until the packet reaches the destination host.
Components of a Routing Table:
3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: ahmadalimsc@[Link] , Mobile: 056 430 3717