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Unit 5 Notes

This document covers the concepts of factors, factor trees, highest common factor (HCF), and lowest common multiple (LCM) for Grade 6 mathematics. It provides definitions, examples, and methods for calculating HCF and LCM using both direct multiples and prime factorization. Key rules are summarized for determining HCF and LCM based on prime factors.

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0 views2 pages

Unit 5 Notes

This document covers the concepts of factors, factor trees, highest common factor (HCF), and lowest common multiple (LCM) for Grade 6 mathematics. It provides definitions, examples, and methods for calculating HCF and LCM using both direct multiples and prime factorization. Key rules are summarized for determining HCF and LCM based on prime factors.

Uploaded by

mctp karen
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 5: Factors and Multiples(Grade 6)

Factors, Factor Tree, HCF and LCM


1. Factors
Factors are numbers that divide another number exactly, leaving no remainder.

Example:
Factors of 12 → 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

2. Factor Tree
A factor tree is used to break a number into its prime factors.

Example: Factor tree of 24

24

/ \

4 6

/\ /\

2 22 3

Prime factorisa on:


24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 2³ × 3

3. Highest Common Factor (HCF)


The HCF is the largest number that divides two or more numbers exactly.

Example: Find the HCF of 12 and 18

Factors of 12 → 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Factors of 18 → 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

Common factors → 1, 2, 3, 6

HCF = 6

1|Page Miss M.B.


4. Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
Method 1: Using Multiples Directly

The LCM is the smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.

Example: Find the LCM of 12 and 18

Multiples of 12 → 12, 24, 36, 48…


Multiples of 18 → 18, 36, 54…

The first common multiple is 36.

LCM = 36

Method 2: Using Prime Factors (Factor Trees)

Example: Find the LCM of 12 and 18

Factor tree for 12 Factor tree for 18

12 18

/ \ / \

3 4 2 9

/\ /\

2 2 3 3

12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 2² × 3 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 3²

Now, take the greatest number of times EACH prime factor multiplies to itself. All primes
must be considered:

(2 x 2) and (3 x 3)

LCM = (2 x 2) x (3 x 3) = 36 [as previous]

Summary

Concept Rule

HCF Take common prime factors with the smallest power

LCM Take all prime factors with the greatest power

2|Page Miss M.B.

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