Disaster Management — Crisp Revision Notes

High Powered Committee (1999)

→ Formed by Department of Agriculture & Coopera on
→ 31 disasters → 5 groups:
1. Water & Climate
2. Geophysical
3. Chemical/Industrial/Nuclear
4. Accident-related
5. Biological

Disaster Management Stages

Pre-Disaster
→ Preven on
→ Mi ga on
→ Preparedness
During Disaster
→ Response
Post-Disaster
→ Recovery
→ Rehabilita on & Reconstruc on
4-stage Model
→ Mi ga on → Preparedness → Response → Recovery

Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE)

→ Laboratory DRDO
Avalanche
→ Loca ons → Manali & Chandigarh

India Meteorological Department (IMD)

→ Established → 1875
Cyclone
→ HQ sequence → Kolkata → Shimla → Pune → New Delhi

Central Water Commission (CWC)

→ Started → 1945
Flood
→ HQ → New Delhi

Geological Survey of India (GSI)

→ Established → 1851
→ HQ → Kolkata
→ Regional Offices → Kolkata, Lucknow, Jaipur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Shillong

Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)

→ Established → 1999
Tsunami
→ Under → Ministry of Earth Sciences
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
→ Established → 1981
→ Became Ministry of Earth Sciences → 2006
→ Work → Weather, climate, ocean, coastal status, hydrology, earthquake science, natural disasters

Earthquake — Crisp Revision Notes

Major Earthquake Events

→ 2001 → Bhuj
→ 2002 → Andaman

Seismic Zonation Map

→ Issued by → Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
→ Earlier zones → II, III, IV, V
→ New highest risk zone → Zone VI
→ Zone VI includes → Himalayan Arc

Earthquake Vulnerability in India

→ 61% land → Moderate to high-risk zone
→ 75% popula on → Seismically ac ve areas

Earthquake Mitigation
→ IS 1893
→ IS 4326
→ Na onal Building Code (NBC)

National Centre for Seismology (NCS)

→ Nodal agency for seismic monitoring
HQ- new delhi
→ Seismic observatories (2025) → 168

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) - 2006

→ Under Disaster Management Act, 2005
→ Ini ally → 8 ba alions
→ Present → 16 ba alions

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

23 Dec 2005

SCOJtEx
→ 2019
→ Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) earthquake search & rescue exercise

Page 2: Floods and Management

 Floods:
 1. Total flood-affected area in India – 21.21 million hectares
 Government Initiatives for Flood Management in India:
o 1954 → Government of India ne first National Flood Policy / Flood Control
Programme start kiya tha after major floods.
o 1976 – National Flood Commission
 National Water Academy:
o Established in 1988
o Collaboration – In cooperation with US agencies.
o Location – Pune

o First National Water Policy – 1987.

o It was renewed in 2002 and 2012.

 Flood Management Programme (FMP): 2007 - 11th year plan

 merge karke Flood Management and Border Areas Programme (FMBAP) bana diya
gaya tha
o Period – 2021 – 26.

 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM):

o 1995: National Centre for Disaster Management
o 16 October 2003: restructured as National Institute of Disaster
Management.
o Ministry of Home Affairs

EM-DAT = International disaster database - 1988

Maintained by: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Belgium.

Page 3: Sendai Framework & National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)

Sendai Framework (2015–2030)
 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) framework
 Adopted in 2015 at Sendai, Japan
 Replaced: Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–15)
 Aim: Reduce disaster risk and losses
 Seven Global Targets adopted
Linked with
 Paris Agreement
 SDGs
 New Urban Agenda
National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)
 Started in 2016
 Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs
 Aligned with Sendai Framework
 Aim:
o disaster resilient India
o reduce loss of life & property
 Revised in 2019
NDEM
 NDEM = National Database for Emergency Management
 ISRO-based geoportal for disaster management
NDEM Lite 2.0
 Developed by ISRO–NRSC

Forest Fire basics

Top fire states (2023–24)

 Uttarakhand
 Odisha

IMPORTANT SCHEMES
National Action Plan on Forest Fires - 2018

Forest Fire Prevention & Management (FPM)

 Centrally funded scheme
 Helps states manage forest fires
 Funding:
o 90:10 special states
o 60:40 general states

Monitoring Technologies & Prevention

 MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.

TSUNAMI
Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004)
 Date: 26 Dec 2004
 Epicenter: near Sumatra (Indonesia)

ITEWC
Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre
 At:
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad
 Established: 2007

NIOT
National Institute of Ocean Technology
 Location: Chennai
 Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences
 BPR
 Bottom Pressure Recorder

DROUGHT

Types of Drought
 Meteorological Drought → Rainfall much below normal.
 Hydrological Drought → Water level in rivers, lakes, reservoirs & groundwater
decreases.
 Agricultural Drought → Soil moisture becomes insufficient for crops.
 Socio-economic Drought → Water shortage affects economy, food supply, people &
industries.

Government Programmes
DPAP
Drought Prone Area Programme
 Started: 1973-74
DDP
 Desert Development Programme
 Started: 1977-78

Heat Wave
IMD Criteria (Important)
Heat wave considered when:
 Plains → ≥ 40°C
 Hilly areas → ≥ 30°C
Actual maximum temperature
 ≥45°C → Heat wave declared

Heat Wave Action Plan (HAP)

 Heat-related health risk reduce karne ke liye strategy
Important facts:
 Odisha → first HAP (1999)
 Ahmedabad → city-level HAP (2013)
Ye useful factual points hain

Important
IMD Color Codes
 Green → Normal
 Yellow → Be updated
 Orange → Be prepared
 Red → Take ac on
 Landslide — Kya rakhna hai
Definition
 Downward movement of rock/soil due to gravity

Important Fact
 About 15% landmass of India landslide-prone
Major areas
 Himalayas
 North-East
 Western Ghats (Nilgiris)

National Landslide Risk Management Strategy

 Nodal agency:
Geological Survey of India (GSI)
Includes
 Hazard zonation mapping
 Early warning system
 Awareness programs

Cold Wave — Kya rakhna hai

Definition
 Sudden fall in temperature

IMD Criteria (Important)

Minimum temperature:
 Plains → ≤10°C
 Hilly regions → ≤0°C

Cold wave India me mainly North aur North-West India ko affect karti hai

 Wind chill → wind makes body feel colder

 Frostbite → ssue damage due to cold
 Hypothermia → body temperature dangerously low

Epidemic & Biological Disaster

Epidemic
 Sudden increase of disease cases in a region

Biological Disaster
 Disease spread caused by microorganisms:
o bacteria
o viruses
 o toxins
Epidemic Diseases Act
 Year: 1897

Important Organization
National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
 Headquarters: New Delhi
 Investigates disease outbreaks

Important Programme
IDSP
 Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme
 Started: 2004
 Supported by World Bank
 Aim:
o detect disease outbreaks early

Examples
 Cholera
 Plague
 Dengue
 Swine Flu (H1N1)
 COVID-19

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)

 Established: 1999
 HQ: Geneva, Switzerland

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

 Period: 2005–2015
 Disaster risk reduction framework
 Organized in:
Hyogo, Japan

Sendai Framework (SFDRR)

 Period: 2015–2030
 Adopted at:
Sendai
 Better version/replaced:
Hyogo Framework
 Contains:
7 targets
 WCDRR Conferences-
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
Ek baar dekh lo:
 1994 → Yokohama
 2005 → Kobe
 2015 → Sendai
But high priority nahi.

Medium Priority
GPDRR
 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
 Established: 2006
 Reviews Sendai progress

Final Ultra-Short Notes

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs → 1991
United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination → 1993; India joined 2001
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery → 2006; World Bank managed
SAARC Disaster Management Centre → New Delhi
Asian Disaster Reduction Center → Kobe, Japan
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center → Bangkok

ASEAN Regional Forum → 1994; India joined 1996

International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction → 13 October
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure → 2019; launched at New York

MOST IMPORTANT FACTS

Disaster Management Act
 Year: 2005
 Enacted on:
23 December 2005
 Contains:
11 Chapters & 79 Sections

Important Structure
NDMA
Section 3
 Establishment of
National Disaster Management Authority
Composition
 PM = Ex-officio Chairperson
 Max 9 members
NEC
Section 8
 National Executive Committee
Chairperson
 Union Home Secretary
Main Work
 Prepare National Plan
 Implement policies/plans

Section 11
National Plan
 Prepared by:
NEC
 Approved by:
NDMA
 Reviewed annually

Relief Standards
Section 12

State Level (Important)

SDMA
Section 14
 Establishment of
State Disaster Management Authority
Chairperson
 Chief Minister
Members
 Not more than 9

SEC
Section 20
 State Executive Committee
Chairperson
 Chief Secretary

State Plan
Section 23
 Prepared by:
SEC
 Approved by:
SDMA

Section 25
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Chairperson
 Collector / DM / Deputy Commissioner
Co-Chairperson
Elected local authority representative
Important members
 SP
 Chief Medical Officer

Section 30
Functions of DDMA
Main work:
 District-level planning
 Coordination
 Implementation of disaster management
 Prepare District Disaster Management Plan

Section 31
District Plan
 Prepared by:
DDMA
 Approved by:
SDMA
 Reviewed annually
Ye important factual point hai

Government Measures (Important)

Section 35
Central Government Measures
Central Government can:
 help states during disaster
 deploy Army/Navy/Air Force
 establish training & research institutions
 provide disaster aid to other countries

Section 39
State Government Departments
Main focus:
 Prevention
 Mitigation
 Capacity building
 Preparedness

NIDM & NDRF

Section 42
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
 Establishment of institute
Section 44
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
 Constitution of NDRF

Funds (Very Important)

Section 46
 National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)
Section 47
 National Disaster Mitigation Fund
Section 48
SDRF
State Govt funds:
 District Disaster Response Fund
 State Disaster Mitigation Fund
 District Disaster Mitigation Fund

MOST IMPORTANT
Chapter 10
 Related to:
Offences & Penalties

Important Sections
Section 51
Obstruction / refusing government orders
Punishment:
 up to 1 year
 serious case → up to 2 years

Section 52
False claims for relief
Punishment:
 up to 2 years + fine

Section 53
Misuse/misappropriation of relief money/materials
Punishment:
 up to 2 years + fine

Section 54
False disaster warning / panic spread
Punishment:
 up to 1 year or fine
Section 55
Offence by Government Department
 HOD considered responsible

Section 56
Officer failing in duty
Punishment:
 up to 1 year or fine

MOST IMPORTANT (Current Affairs Type)

Disaster Management (Amendment) Act
9 April 2025

Important Amendments
Section 8A
National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
 Formed by Central Government
 Nodal body for major disasters
 Chairperson:
Cabinet Secretary

Section 8B
High-Level Committee
 Approves financial assistance to states

Section 20 (2C)
 DGP added as ex-officio member of State Executive Committee

Section 41A
Urban Disaster Management Authorities
 To be formed in capitals & municipal corporation cities

Important Miscellaneous Sections

Section 61
No discrimination in disaster relief
Grounds:
 sex
 caste
 religion
 community etc.

Section 71
Civil courts barred
except:
 Supreme Court
 High Courts

Section 72 -- sarvopari

MOST IMPORTANT
Major Disaster Timeline
 1999 → Odisha Cyclone
 2001 → Gujarat Earthquake
 2004 → Indian Ocean Tsunami
 2005 → Na onal Building Code
Ye useful factual chronology hai

Important Committees
J.C. Pant Committee
 Formed:
1999
 Related to:
Disaster Management
 Classified:
31 disasters into 5 categories
Bas enough.

Mishra Committee
 Formed:
1976
 Related to:
Joshimath subsidence
Ye current-affair relevance ki wajah se useful hai।

NDMA (Very Important)

National Disaster Management Authority
Vice-Chairperson
 Status:
Cabinet Minister rank
Other members
 Minister of State rank
Ye factual points useful hain

New Urban Authority (Important Amendment Type)

Urban Authority
 Municipal Commissioner → Chairperson
  District Collector → Vice-Chairperson
 Urban Plan approved by State Authority

MOST IMPORTANT
Uttar Pradesh Disaster Profile
Major disasters in UP
 Flood
 Drought
 Storm
 Fire
 Hailstorm
 Earthquake
 Lightning

Floods in UP (Very Important)

Important rivers causing floods
 Ganga
 Yamuna
 Ghaghara
 Rapti
 Gandak
 Sharda
 Ramganga
Ye zarur yaad rakho

Flood-prone area
 About 73 lakh hectares
Important fact
 Around 40 districts flood-prone

Earthquake Zones (Important)

Zone 5
 Bahraich
 Saharanpur
 Rampur
Zone 4
 Noida
 Ghaziabad
Ye direct factual question ban sakta hai।

State Disaster Prahari App

 Launched: 2020
 Early warning weather app
 Important Static Facts
Disaster helpline
 1070
First state with Disaster Management Ministry
 Uttarakhand

Relief Commissioner Office

 Nodal office of UP disaster management
Main work:
 response
 relief
 rehabilitation
 reconstruction

MOST IMPORTANT
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Important timeline
 1947 → ISI came into existence
 1987 → Became BIS

UP SDRF (Important)
State Disaster Response Force
 Formation:
28 Nov 2016
 Motto:
“We Serve to Save”
Ye useful factual point hai

NDRF (Very Important)

National Disaster Response Force
 Ministry:
Ministry of Home Affairs
 Established:
2006
 Initially:
8 battalions
 Currently:
16 battalions

Disaster Relief Funds

National Disaster Mitigation Fund
 Used for prevention/mitigation
NDRF Fund
  Used for:
response, relief, rehabilitation

PMNRF
Prime Minister's National Relief Fund
 Established:
1948
 By:
Jawaharlal Nehru
 Public contribution-based fund
Used for:
 floods
 earthquakes
 cyclones
 medical assistance etc.
Important static fact

Important Award
Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar
 Started:
2018
 Given for:
excellent disaster management work
 Award date:
23 January
Ye direct question ban sakta hai।

 Landslide prone - 12.5%

 Drought prone - 33%
 Earthquake - 59%
 Long term drought - rainfall 25-50% ----26%, bheeshan - 50%.
 IMD कसी वष को 'सूखा वष' तब घो षत करता है जब पूरे दे श के तर पर वषा क
कमी 10% से अिधक हो और दे श का 20% से अिधक ह सा सूखे क चपेट म हो।
 40 million hectare - flood prone
 1st National disaster management plan - 2016 - aac to sendai framework
National Calamity Contingent Duty
 या है यह? यह एक कार का टै स (Cess) है जो कुछ वशेष व तुओं (जैसे िसगरे ट,
तंबाकू और पान मसाला) पर लगाया जाता है ।
 मकसद: इस टै स से जो पैसा इक ठा होता है , उसे 'नेशनल कैलेिमट कंट जसी फंड'
(NCCF) म डाला जाता है ता क दे श म कसी भी बड़ आपदा के समय उस पैसे का
उपयोग कया जा सके।
 Aapda-mitra yojana - 30 flood prone districts - prashikshan
 
 The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) was launched by the Prime
Minister of India in 2019.
 India is its founding member, and its objective is to make infrastructure resilient to
climate change and disasters.


2025 amendment
 Law and Order issues ko bahar rakha gaya hai:.
 Urban Disaster Management (Shehari Aapda Prabandhan)
 Pehle sirf State aur District level par committee hoti thi. Ab bade sheharon
(Metropolitan cities) ke liye alag se Urban Disaster Management Authority


 SDMA me max 8 members - except CM


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-- AVALANCHE

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International day for disaster reduction - 13 oct ----1989