1.
Creating NumPy Arrays
[Link]()
Creates a NumPy array from a Python list or tuple.
Syntax
[Link](object)
Example
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])
print(a)
Output
[10 20 30 40]
[Link]()
Creates an array filled with zeros.
Syntax
[Link](shape)
Example
a = [Link](5)
print(a)
Output
[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
2D array:
a = [Link]((2, 3))
print(a)
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]
[Link]()
Creates an array filled with ones.
Syntax
[Link](shape)
Example
a = [Link]((2, 3))
print(a)
Output
[[1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1.]]
[Link]()
Creates an array filled with a specified value.
Syntax
[Link](shape, value)
Example
a = [Link]((2, 3), 7)
print(a)
Output
[[7 7 7]
[7 7 7]]
[Link]()
Creates evenly spaced values within a specified range.
Syntax
[Link](start, stop, step)
Example
a = [Link](1, 10, 2)
print(a)
Output
[1 3 5 7 9]
[Link]()
Creates a specified number of evenly spaced values.
Syntax
[Link](start, stop, number)
Example
a = [Link](0, 10, 5)
print(a)
Output
[ 0. 2.5 5. 7.5 10. ]
2. Array Properties / Information
Suppose:
a = [Link]([[10, 20, 30],
[40, 50, 60]])
ndim
Returns the number of dimensions.
print([Link])
Output:
2
shape
Returns the size of each dimension.
print([Link])
Output:
(2, 3)
Meaning:
2 rows × 3 columns
size
Returns the total number of elements.
print([Link])
Output:
6
dtype
Returns the data type.
print([Link])
Output:
int64
3. Mathematical Operations
NumPy allows mathematical operations directly on arrays.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30])
b = [Link]([2, 4, 5])
Addition
print(a + b)
Output:
[12 24 35]
Subtraction
print(a - b)
Output:
[ 8 16 25]
Multiplication
print(a * b)
Output:
[ 20 80 150]
Division
print(a / b)
Output:
[5. 5. 6.]
Power
print(a ** 2)
Output:
[100 400 900]
4. Important Mathematical Methods
[Link]()
Calculates the sum.
Syntax
[Link](array)
Example
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])
print([Link](a))
Output:
100
[Link]()
Calculates the average.
print([Link](a))
Output:
25.0
[Link]()
Calculates the median.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print([Link](a))
Output:
30.0
[Link]()
Returns the smallest value.
print([Link](a))
Output:
10
[Link]()
Returns the largest value.
print([Link](a))
Output:
50
[Link]()
Calculates standard deviation.
print([Link](a))
[Link]()
Calculates variance.
print([Link](a))
[Link]()
Calculates the product of all elements.
a = [Link]([2, 3, 4])
print([Link](a))
Output:
24
5. Array Manipulation
reshape()
Changes the shape of an array without changing its data.
Syntax
[Link](rows, columns)
Example
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
b = [Link](2, 3)
print(b)
Output:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
flatten()
Converts a multidimensional array into a one-dimensional array.
a = [Link]([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print([Link]())
Output:
[1 2 3 4]
ravel()
Also converts an array into one dimension.
print([Link]())
Output:
[1 2 3 4]
transpose()
Converts rows into columns and columns into rows.
a = [Link]([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]])
print([Link]())
Output:
[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]
Shortcut:
print(a.T)
6. Joining Arrays
[Link]()
Joins arrays.
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
b = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
c = [Link]((a, b))
print(c)
Output:
[1 2 3 4 5 6]
[Link]()
Joins arrays vertically.
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
b = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
print([Link]((a, b)))
Output:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
[Link]()
Joins arrays horizontally.
print([Link]((a, b)))
Output:
[1 2 3 4 5 6]
7. Splitting Arrays
[Link]()
Splits an array into multiple arrays.
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
result = [Link](a, 3)
print(result)
Output:
[array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]), array([5, 6])]
8. Searching and Sorting
[Link]()
Finds the positions where a condition is true.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print([Link](a > 25))
Output:
(array([2, 3, 4]),)
The indexes are:
2, 3, 4
[Link]()
Sorts an array.
a = [Link]([40, 10, 30, 20])
print([Link](a))
Output:
[10 20 30 40]
[Link]()
Returns the index of the maximum value.
a = [Link]([10, 50, 30, 20])
print([Link](a))
Output:
1
[Link]()
Returns the index of the minimum value.
print([Link](a))
Output:
0
9. Mathematical Functions
[Link]()
Calculates square root.
a = [Link]([4, 9, 16, 25])
print([Link](a))
Output:
[2. 3. 4. 5.]
[Link]()
print([Link](a, 2))
[Link]()
Returns absolute values.
a = [Link]([-10, -5, 5, 10])
print([Link](a))
Output:
[10 5 5 10]
[Link]()
Rounds decimal values.
a = [Link]([2.345, 4.678, 8.123])
print([Link](a, 2))
Output:
[2.35 4.68 8.12]
10. Trigonometric Functions
a = [Link]([0, [Link]/2, [Link]])
[Link]()
print([Link](a))
[Link]()
print([Link](a))
[Link]()
print([Link](a))
11. Random Number Generation
NumPy provides the random module.
[Link]()
Generates random values between 0 and 1.
print([Link](5))
Example output:
[0.21 0.73 0.45 0.89 0.12]
[Link]()
Generates random integers.
Syntax
[Link](start, stop, size)
Example
print([Link](1, 10, 5))
Possible output:
[3 8 1 6 4]
[Link]()
Selects random elements.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print([Link](a))
[Link]()
Makes random results reproducible.
[Link](10)
print([Link](1, 100, 5))
12. Matrix Operations
[Link]()
Calculates the dot product.
a = [Link]([1, 2, 3])
b = [Link]([4, 5, 6])
print([Link](a, b))
Calculation:
1×4 + 2×5 + 3×6
= 4 + 10 + 18
= 32
Output:
32
[Link]()
Performs matrix multiplication.
A = [Link]([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
B = [Link]([[5, 6],
[7, 8]])
print([Link](A, B))
Output:
[[19 22]
[43 50]]
[Link]()
Finds the inverse of a matrix.
A = [Link]([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
print([Link](A))
[Link]()
Finds the determinant.
print([Link](A))
Output:
-2.0
13. Copying Arrays
[Link]()
Creates a copy of an array.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30])
b = [Link](a)
print(b)
Output:
[10 20 30]
14. Unique Values
[Link]()
Returns unique values.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 10, 30, 20, 40])
print([Link](a))
Output:
[10 20 30 40]
15. Counting Elements
np.count_nonzero()
Counts non-zero elements.
a = [Link]([0, 10, 20, 0, 30])
print(np.count_nonzero(a))
Output:
3
16. Comparison Operations
NumPy supports element-by-element comparisons.
a = [Link]([10, 20, 30, 40])
print(a > 20)
Output:
[False False True True]
You can use this for filtering:
print(a[a > 20])
Output:
[30 40]