Case II If

n=3q +1 then (n+2) =3q +3= 3(q +1), which is

divisible by 3.
So, in this case, (n +2) is
Case llI When n =3q+2 then (ndivisible by 3.
is
divisible by 3. +4)=34 +6=3(g + 2), which
So, in this case, (n+ 4) is
Hence, one and only one out of n,divisible by 3.
(n +2)and (n +4) is
by 3. divisible

EXERCISE 1A
1. What do you mean by
Euclid's division lemma?
2. Anumber when divided by 61
gives 27 as quotient and 32 as
Find the number. remainder.
3. By what number should 1365 be
remainder? divided to get 31 as quotient and 32 as
4. Using Euclid'sdivision algorithm, find the
HCFof
(i) 612 and 1314
[CBSE 2019]
(ii) 1260 and 7344
[CBSE 2019]
(iii) 4052 and 12576
[CBSE 2019C]
5. By using Euclid's algorithm, find the largest number which divides 650
and 1170.
T[CBSE 2017]
6. Find the HCF of the smallest prime number and the
smallest composite
number. [CBSE 2018]
7. For any positive integer n, prove that (n' -n) is divisible by 6.
8. Prove that if x and y are both odd positive integers then +y is even
but not divisible by 4.
9. Use Euclid's algorithm to find the HCF of 1190 and 1445. Express the
HCF in the form 1190m + 1445n.
10. Use Euclid's algorithm to find the HCF of 441, 567 and 693.
11. Using Euclid's algorithm, find the largest number that divides 1251,
9377 and 15628 leaving remainders 1, 2 and 3 respectively. (CBSE 2019]

ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1A)

2. 1679 3. 43 4. (i) 18 (ii)36 (iii) 4 5. 130

6.2 9. 85; m=-6 and n =5

10. 63 11. 625
 the form 4", neN Can never
of
EXAMPLE 17 Show that an/ number
the digit 0. as afactor.
it mnust have 5
SOLUTION If 4"ends with 0 then only prime
= 22M shows that 2 is the
But, 4" (2'y"
of 4". theorem of ari
fundamental
Also, we knowfrom the number is unique.
of each
thatthe prime factorisation
So,5 is not afactor of 4".
4" can never end with the digit 0.
Hence,
never end with the digit 0 or 5 for any
EXAMPLE 18 Show that (12Y" can [CE
number n.
SOLUTION We have
(12)' = (2' x3)y" = (22" x 3").
shows that 2 and 3 are the only prime factors of (1:
This
5 is not a factor of (12)".
Hence, (12)" cannot end with 5 or 0.

EXERCISE 1B
(CBS.
1. Express 429 as a product of its prime factors.
2. Express 5005 as aproduct of its prime factors.
3. Express 2431 as a product of its prime factors.
 Real Numbers
17
Using prime
(i) 36, 84 factorisation, find the HCF and
(ii) 23,31 LCM of:
(iv) 144, 198 (v) 396, 1080 (iii) 96, 404
In each case, verify that (vi) 1152, 1664
HCF × LCM =prOduct of
given numbers.
5. Using prime factorisation,
find the HCF and LCM of:
(i) 8,9, 25 (ii) 12, 15, 21
(iv) 24, 36, 40 (v) 30, 72, 432.
(iii) 17, 23, 29
4 Eind HCF and LCM of (vi) 21, 28, 36
404 and 96 and verify that
HCF × LCM = product of two
7Two positive
given numbers. [CBSE 2018]
integers aand bcan be written as a=xy' and b=
where x and y are prime numbers. Find xy',
HCF(a, b) and LCM(a, b).
g The HCF of two [CBSE 2019]
numbers is 23 and their LCM is 1449. If one of the
numbers is 161, find the other.
9. The HCF of twO numbers is 145
and their LCM is 2175. If one of the
numbers is 725, find the other.
10. The HCF of two numbers aand b is 5 and their LCM is 200. Find the
product ab.
[CBSE 2019]
11, The LCM of two numbers is 9 times their HCF. The sum of
LCM and HCF
is 500. Find their HCF.
[CBSE 2019C]
12. The HCF of two numnbers is 18 and their product is 12960. Find their
LCM.
13. Can two nåmbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM? Give
reason. [CBSE 2017]
9
14. Find the simplest form of:
69 368 473 1095
) (ii) (iii) (iv)
92 496 645 1168
15. Find the largest number which divides 438 and 606, leaving remainder
6 in each
case.
16. Find the largest number which divides 320and 457, leaving remainders
5and 7
17, Find therespectively.
least number which when divided by 35, 56 and 91
leaves the
Same remainder 7 in each case.
18. Find the Smallest number which when divided by 28 and 32 leaves

emainders S and 12 respectively.

18
Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10
which when
19, Find the smallest number
520.
divisible by both 468 and
increased by 17 is
20. Find the greatest number of four digits which is exactly exactiy
24 and 36.

21. Find the largest four-digit number which when divided

divisible by 15,
leaves a remainder of 3 in each case. by 4,7 arnd 13
22, Find the least number which should be added to 2497 so that
is exactly divisible by 5,6, 4 and 3. the sum
23. Find the greatest number that will divide
thesame remainder in each case.
43,91 and 183 sSo as to
leave
24. Find the least number which when divided by 20, 25,35 and
remainders 14, 19, 29 and 34 respectively. 40 leaves
25. In a seminar, the number of
participants in Hindi, English and
mathematics are 60,84 and 108 respectively.
of rooms required, ifin each Find the minimum number
room, the same number of
being in the same subject. participants are
to be seated and all of them
26. Three sets of English,
240 and 96 books mathematics. and science books containing 336,
respectively have to be stacked in such a way that
all the books are stored
subjectwise and the height of each stack is the
same. How many stacks will be there?
27. Three pieces of timber 42 m, 49 m and 63 m
long have to be divided into
planks the same length. What is the greatest possible length of
of
each
plank? How many planks are formed?
28. Find the greatest possible length which can be used to
the lengths 7 m, 3m 85 cm and 12 m 95 cm.
measure exactly
29. Find the maximum number of students among whom 1001
pens and
910pencils can be distributed in such a way that each student gets the
same number of pens and the same number of pencils.
30. Find the least number of square tiles required to pave the ceiling of a
room 15m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad.
31. Three measuring rods are 64 cm, 80cm and 96cm in length. Find the
least length of cloth that can be measured an exact number of times,
using any of the rods.
32. An electronic device makes a beep after every 60 seconds. Another
device makes a beep after every 62 seconds. They beeped together at
10 a.m. At what time will they beep together at the earliest?
 Real Numbers 19

33. The traffic lights at three different road

crossings change after every
48 seconds,72 seconds and 108 seconds respectively. If they all
change
simultaneously at 8 a.m. then at what time will they again change
simultaneously?
34. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8,
10, 12 minutes respectively. In 30 hours, how many times do they toll
together?
35. Show that 6" can never end with 0 for any natural number n.

ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1B)

1. 429 = (3x11 x13) 2. 5005 =(5x7x1lx13) 3. 2431 =(11 x13x17)
4. (i) HCF= 12, LCM = 252 (ii) HCF =1, LCM=713
(ii) HCF=4, LCM= 9696 (iv) HCF = 18, LCM = 1584
(v) HCF=36, LCM = 11880 (vi) HCF =128, LCM =14976
5. (i) HCF = 1, LCM = 1800 (ii) HCF = 3, LCM = 420
(iii) HCF= 1, LCM = 11339 (iv) HCF= 4, LCM = 360
(v)HCF = 6, LCM = 2160 (vi) HCF= 1, LCM = 252
7. HCF =y and LCM = x'y 8. 207 9. 435 10. 1000 11. 50
12. 720 13. No, since 15 does not divide 175 completely
11 15
(iv)
31 15- 16
15. 24 16. 45 17. 3647 18. 204 19. 4663 20. 9720

21. 9831 22. 23 23. 4 24. 1394 25. 21 26. 14

28. 35 cm 29. 91 30. 814 31. 9.6 m

27. 7 m, 22 planks
26 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10

EXERCISE 1C
1. Without actual division, show that each of
numbers is aterminating decimal. Express each the
23
(ii)
24
in
171
foldecilomwialnform.
g rat ional
(2°x5) 125 (ii)
800
(iv) 15
17
(v)
320 (vi)
19
1600
2. Without 3125
actual division, show that
numbers is a each of the
()
11 nonterminating73 repeating decimal. following rational
(iü)
(2x3)
77 (2x3° x5) (iii) 129
(2 x5° x7) (iv)
9
(v) 210 (vi) 32 35
29
(vii)
3.
Express each of the 147 343 (vii) 64
() 0.8 following
(ii) 2.4
as a
fraction in simplest 455
(v) 2.24 (iii) 0.24 form.
(vi) 0.365 (iv) 0.12

1. () 0.115 (i) ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1C)

(vi) 0.00608 0.192 (iii) 0.21375 (iv)0.009375 (v) 0.053125
3. 0) 9 ) 8
9 (ii) (iv) 11
33 90 (v) 101 (vi) 181
45 495
HINTS TO SOME
1. (1) 23
23×5 SELECTED GQUESTIONS
(2°x5)
24 24
(2° x5) 115 115 -=0.115.
(10 1000
(i1) 125 23
24×8 192
(iii) 171_171 (5x2)° (10)° 192
800 8X 1 1000 =0.192.
100 21.375
(iv) 15 _15 1 100 =0.21375.
1600 16 100 0.9375
(v) 32017 17 ×5 100
85
=0.009375.
(vi) - 19 320x5 1600 85 1 5.3125
16 100 =0.053125.
3125 19×8 152 152 1100
3125x8 25000 1000
6.08
1000
=0.00608.
 SecondarySchool
36 EXERCISE1D
Inumbers, (iii)
irrational
real
numbers.
rational numbers,(i) or
irrational:
(i) rational
1. Define followingnumbersas
the (iv) 3.142857
2. Classify (ii)3.1416 (ii). n
1.535335333...
... (vii)
(v) 5.636363 ... (vi) 2.040040004
3.121221222 ... (ix) V21
(vi) between /2 and 3.
[CBSE 2019]
number
3. Find a rational irrational number.
an
4. Prove that y6 is that /3 is an irrational
irrational number, given
5. Prove that (2 +3) is an [CBSE 2018C]
number.
irrational number, given that v3 is an irrational
6. Prove that (4 -3) is an
number.
Prove that (3+5V2) is an irrational number, given that v2 is an
7. [CBSE 2018]
irrational number.
given that v5 is an
8. Prove that (2 +3/5) is an irrational number, [CBSE 2019]
irrational number.

9. Prove that
(3-4V2) is an irrational number, given that v2 is
an
7
irrational number.
V3 1s an
10. Prove that (5- 2/3) is an irrational number, given that [CBSE 2010]
irrational number.
1. Prove that 5/2 is an irrational number oiven that /2 is an irational
number.
12. Prove that 1
V3 is irrational, given thatJ3 is irrational.
2
13. Prove that
is irrational, given that W7 is irrational.
14.. Prove that- 3
J5 is irrational, given that 5 is irrational.
15. Prove that(V2 +5) is [CBSE 2020]
16. (i) Give an irrational.
(ii) Give an example two irrationals whose sum is
of rational.
17. State
example two irrationals whose product is rational.
of
whether the given statement is trúe or
rationals is always false.
(i) The sum of two
(ii) The product of two rational.
rationals is always rational.
 Real Numbers 37

(iii) The sum of two irrationals is always an irrational.

(iv) The product of two irrationals is always an irrational.
(v) The sum of a rational and an irrational is irrational.
(vi) The product of a rational and an irrational is irrational.

ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1D)

2. (i) rational (ii) rational (ii) irrational (iv) rational
(v) rational (vi) irrational (vi) irrational (vii) irrational
(ix) irrational (x) irrational
3
3.
2
16. (i) (2+3) and (2-V3) (i) (3 +2) and (3 - V2)
17. (i) True (ii) True (iii) False (iv)False (v) True (vi) True

HINTS TO SOME SELECTED QUESTIONS

3. /2 =1.414... and v3 =1.732...

3 3
: V2<1.5 <V3 ’ V2<<v3,
2
whereis rational.
1 1 V3 1
12.
V3 V 3 3 .
1 form ÷, where a and b are relatively
Ifpossible, let3 be rational. Then, it is of the
prime integers andb= 0.
1
Now, -V3 =b 3 - , which is rational.
irrational.
But, it is being given that 3 is
Thus, wve arrive at a contradiction.

So, our supposition

1
that3 is rational, is wrong.

nce, V3
Hence, is irrational.
2 2
13.

EXERCISE 1E
38 Secondary School Mathematics for Class 10

3. Express 360 as product of its prime factors.

4. Ifaand b aretwo prime numbers then find HCF(a, b).
5. Ifa and bare two prime numbers then find LCM(a. b),
6. If the product of two numbers is 1050 and their HCF is 25, find their I CM
7. What is a composite number?
8)If aand bare relatively prime then what is their HCF?
9. If the rational number has a
b terminating decimal expansion, what is
the condition to be satisfied by b?
[CBSE 2008]
10. Simplify: 2V27 +3V12
11. Write the decimal
4V3 `(1J9t3J4)
45
73
exparnsion of (2x5) [CBSE 2009]
12. Show that there is no value of n
for which (2" x 5")ends in 5.
13) Is it possible to have twO
14. Give an example of two
numbers whose HCF is 25 and LCM is 520?5202 K
15. Give an example of two
irrationals whose sum is rational.
16 Ifa and bare irrationals whose product is rational. LA
17. The LCM of relatively prime, what is their LCM?
two numbers is 1200.
cannot be 500. Show that the HCF of these numbers
Why?
Short-Answer Questions
18. Express 0.4 as a rational number in
19, Express 0.23 as a rational simplest form.
20. Explain why number simplest form.
in
21. Show that V2 0.15015001500015
is irrational.
... is an irrational number.
3
22.. Write a
23. Explain rational
why
number between3and 2.
3.1416 isa rational
number.
3. (2 x 3 x 5)
4. 1
ANSWERS (EXERCISE 1E)
9. b= (2 5. ab 6. 42 8. 1
10. 3 11. x5"), where mn and nare
some