--"

Mastering Maths usrng

Bar Model Methods
Strategies & Techniques
tlow Future (in 5 ycars'time)

lu lie lr Julie I

Srster Srtter

ln 5 g.a6' til+o, bolih Julic

err.d h.r sistcr will bc s gcars
oldcr ard wt add s g.e6 to t Problems involving Bar Model Drawings
tlv froat of [Link] of thrjr mdol
Tlris wag wc cata cltarlg *a
* Self-guided Techniques
lmm tl!4 6od.l tluit {& I Extensive Coverage of Problem Sums
difforcrct in tltair agt dors
aot changa t Paralleland Scaffolded Problem Sums

Author:
Everly Goh [Link] (xons)

P s\t$

FAIRFI€LD BOOK PUBLISH€RS

 7

Masterin Maths usrng

Bar Model Methods

Strategies & Techniques
+ 5 years
Now Future (in 5 [Link]'time)
2 units

Julie
Sister
Julie
Sister
i5
i5
IE
I unit a

1 unit

l^ 5 gears' time, both Julie

and her sister will be s gears
older and we add 5 gears to I Problems involving Bar Model Drawings
lhe front of each of their [Link]
This wag we can clearlg see
* Self-guided Techniques
from t'he mod,el that the
difference i^ thair
* Extensive Coverage of Problem Sums

^ot
does
cha,.ge.^ge t Parallel and Scaffolded Problem Sums

Auth or:
Everly Goh [Link] (Hons)

PB\t$

FAIRFI€LD BOOK PUBLISH€RS

(Jt-J

Primary 3 - Bar Model Methods (strategies & Techniques)

Copyright @ Reserved by

Copyright @ by RIRFICLD BooK PUBLISH€RS PT€ LTD. All rights reserved. No part
of this publication mav be reproduced, stored in a retdeval system or tlansmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise without
the prior permission of the publishers.

New Edition 2023 (tl^.ice)

I SB N: 978-981-50-1805-9

Author
Everly Goh B.s( (Hons)

Editors
Tent Kah Seng [Link] (Math) [Link] (Marh)

Edlynn Rose [Link]

Rarmond K Yoo Weng M.B.A., B.E (Hons)

Distributed By:

Singapore
MIRFICLD BOOK PUBLISHCRS PT€ LTD
0!07 Noble Logistics,
49 Tannery Lane,
Singaporc 34n96
,
Phone )<'5 84a2471
Fax : +65 6482470
Email :fbpbooks([Link]
Website : [Link]
Mastering Bar Model Drawing is a series written to help
students understand, apply and master solving problem
sums using the bar model approach.

The worked example at the beginning of each section

ensures that students understand the concept well
before they apply the approach to solve the questions
that follow.
Only topics where model drawings are used are
covered in this book. Full worked solutions are found
at the end of the book as a reference for checking
the answers. While there may be multiple answers to
a question, this book only covers the model drawing
approach to solving the question.
1. Whole Numbers 1

2. Fractions 42

3. Length 56

4. Mass 71

5. Volume 88

Answers

a
Whole Numbers
Ch a pter 1

What willbe covered:

O Solving Word Problems Involving

. Comparison Model Involving More than
. Comparison Model Involving Less than
. Repeat Ouantity
. Same Amount (Before)
. Same Amount (Af ter)
. Before-and-After: Same Total (Internal Transfer)
. Before-and-After: Same Total (Fixed Quantities)
. Before-and-After: Same Total (Equal Amount Removed
and Added)
. Before-and-After: Same Difference (Age)
. Before-and-After: Same Difference (Same Amount Added)
. Before-and-After: Same Difference (Same Amount Removed)
. Before-and-After: Same One Item
. Before-and-After: Both Changed

Prlmlry 3 Mrrtcring Bar iiodel [Link]

o
o Soluing Word Problems tnvolving Comparison Model
Involving More than

Worked Example I

Ash and Ben has some pencils

Ash has 180 pencils
Ben has 40 more pencils than Ash

(a) How many pencils does Ben haveZ

(b) How many pencils do the boys have altogethei-?

Solution:

Ash 180
)
Ben 180 40

(a) Ben's pencils = 180 + 40

-220
Ben has 220 pencils.

6) Total -220 +180

= 400
The boys have 400 pencils altogether

o PriE!.ry 3 [Link] Bar ilodcl [Link]

 Practice Ouestions l.l

l. Fred sold 895 cars in March.

He sold 269 more cars in April than in March.
(a) How many cars did Fred sell in April?

G) How many cars did he sell altogether in the two months?

2. Cain has 655 stickers.

He has 298 more stickers than Dave.
(a) How many stickers does Dave have?

b) How many stickers do they have altogether?

wholeNumbe$
o Solving Word Problems lnuolving Comparison model
lnvolving Less than

Worked Example 2

There are 72red flowers in a garden.

There are 29 fewer red than yellow flowers.

(a) How many yellow flowers are there?

6) How many flowers are there altogether?
Solution:

Red 72
?
Yellow 72 A. 29

(a) Yellow flowers -72 +29 Whila no informafion is

givento compbte this part,
= l0l
ff is tlre sarre size as the
There are 101yellow flowers. bar mo&l above rt. *ence,
it takes the same number
6l Total -72 +101
as tlre rrlltlrrber of red
= t73 flowers.
They were 173 flowers altogethe f.

!c FairlleLd Book Publishers [Link] 3 [Link] B8r Modcl [Link]

 Practice Ouestions 1.2

l. Aunt Sue baked 752 cookies on Monday.

She baked 284 fewer cookies on Monday than on Tuesday.
(a) How many cookies did Aunt Sue bake on Tuesday?

(b) How many cookies did Aunt Sue bake altogether?

2. Jeff collected 2064 bonle caps.

He collected 496 fewer bottle caps than Keith.
(a) How many bottle caps did Keith collect?

(b) How many bottle caps did both boys collect altogether?

Whole
o Solving Word Pro I lem lnvolving Repeated Quantity

Worked Example 3

There were 2 times as many red as blue beads.

There were 16 fewer blue as purple beads.
Given that there were a total of 336 beads, how many red beads
were there?

Solution:
2
..._
Red I unit I unit
Blue 'l unit
336
Purple I unit Ll
4 units = 336 - 16 The btn [Link] are
320
reynted lbeip
- r-ollrparedto
lunit-320*4 twicnl, therefore
-80 we draw rt
2units-80x2 betweenthe
other two iteryrs.
_ 160
There were 160 red beads.

o_ Prlmary 3 [Link] g Bar Modcl

Drcwin I
 Practice Questions 1.3

l. Jake, Kelly and Leah share some postcards.

Jake has two times as many postcards as Kelly.
Leah has three times as many postcards as Kelly.
Given that there were a total of 240 postcards, how many postcards
does Jake have?

2. Dave has $70.

Eden has $27 less than Dave.
Frank has $19 more than Eden.
Find the total amount of money the boys have altogether.

Whole Nunbe$
@ Solving Word Prob lnuolving the Same Amount
(Before)

Worked Example 4a

Bob had an equal number of toy cars and toy planes.

After he lost 3 of the toy cars and received another 5 toy planes, he
had three times as many toy planes as toy cars.
How many toy cars did Bob have at first?

Solution
Before
Toy cars )
Toy planes

After 2 units Changed

Toy cars I unit 3 s

'1,
Toy planes 1 unit q ,ls

3 units
2units=3+5
B
'I
unit-8*2
4

Toy cars at first = 4 + 3

7
Bob had 7 toy cars at first

o_ Primrry 3 [Link] Ba. Modsl [Link]

 Practice Questions 1.4a

1. Max and Nick had the same number of marbles at first.

After Max gave 8 marbles away and Nick bought another 12 marbles,
Nick had three times as many marbles as Max.
How many marbles did each of them have at first?

2. Jess had an equal number of yellow and pink beads.

'18
She used 45 yellow beads and bought another pink beads.
In the end, she had 4 times as many pink as yellow beads.
How many pink beads did Jess have at first?

WholeNumbers
Worked Example 4b

There was an equal number of erasers and pencils.

After Zane bought another13 erasers and another 52 pencils, there
were two times as many pencils as erasers.
How many pencils were there at first?

Solution:

Before
Erasers Usa dotted lines to
Pencils ? regre*nl ad&d
qurentities.

After 1un t Changed

<-------------+
Erasers 13i tra
---l
Pencils 13i I unit ts2
+-..-_.-..>
52

2 units
lunit-52-13
-39
39-13-26
There were 26 pencils at first.

€) Farrfield Book Publrshers Prlmrry 3 [Link] BaI

 Practice Ouestions 1.4b

l. Matt and Ned had the same number of postcards.

After Matt bought another 19 postcards and Ned received another
67 postcards, Ned had two times as many postcards as Matt.
How many postcards did Ned have at first?

2. There was an equal number of adults and children at a carnival.

Atter 27 adults and 131 children joined the carnival, there were three
times as many children as adults at the carnival.
How many adults were there at the carnival in the end?

Whole
T I

Jen and Kate baked an equal number of cookies each.

After baking, Jen gave away 60 cookies to her neighbours while
Kate gave away 18 cookies to her sister.
Kate had three times as many cookies as Jen in the end.
How many cookies did Kelly have left in the end?

Solution:

Before
Jen Shade when
quntities are
Kate
remove.

After 60
Changed
'rB
Jen I unit 42 0oo
Kate I unit 42 18 vr8

2 units

2 units = 60 - 18

-42
'l unit
- 42 *2 -
-21
Kelly (end) -21 + 42

-63
Kelly had 63 cookies left.

cr Fairlield Book Publishers 3 [Link] Blr Mod.l

 Practice Ouestions l.4c

l. There was an equal number of orange and yellow balloons at a

party.
After 5 orange balloons burst and 17 yellow balloons flew away,
there were three times as many orange as yellow balloons left.
How many yellow balloons were there in the end?

2. There was an equal number of boys and girls in a school canteen

After 31 boys and 11 girls left, there were two times as many girls
as boys left in the canteen.
How many girls were there in the canteen in the end?
o Solving Word Problems lnvolving the Same Amount
(After)

Worked Example 5a

Keith had 110 cards and stamps.

After he bought 22 stamps, he had an equal number of cards and
stamps.
How many stamps did Keith have at first?

ln this qwsfion,the kegword "eqml

Solution:
nvwrber" appears after a change happens
Theretore, we start drawirqtlv. model
fronn the end and worL bacVwards.

After Changed

Cards
[Link] Stamps +22
bacbwards

Before
Cards I unit 22
110
Stamps I unit 22

2 units -110 -22 At first, Keith

did not lvvethe
-88 dA ertra starrnps
I unit =88 *2 Tlwretore, we
-11 subtract it frorr
the'Bietore' model
Keith had 44 stamps at first

[Link] 3 f,la5tarlnt Bar luod3l [Link]

 Practice Questions 1.5a

l. Ed had two times as much money as Kurt. After Kurt receive another
$24 from his grandfather, they each had the same amount of money.
How much did each of them have at first?

2. There were 140 people cycling and rollerblading at a park.

Alter 22 cyclists left to return their rented bicycles, there was an
equal number of people cycling and rollerblading.
How many people were rollerblading at the park?

,_

t,

I
I
l
Belle had two times as many red as green apples.
After she gave away 43 red apples to her neighbours and bought
another 13 green apples, there was an equal number of red and
green apples.
How many green apples did Belle have in the end?

Solution

After Change

Red tl, aS
WorLing Green ?
t13
bocbwards

Before
2 units

Red 1 unit r3i 43

Green 1 unit 13

I unit

lunit=13+43
56
Green (end) = 56 + 13

69
Belle had 69 green apples in the end.

[Link] I lirst rlng Brr

 Practice Questions [Link]

l. Paige had two times as many books as Ray.

After Paige gave 20 books to her brother and Ray bought another
55 books, they have an equal number of books.
How many books did Paige have at first?

2. There were three times as many males as females at a concert.

After 23 males left and 9 females entered the room, there was
equal number of males and females.
How many females were there at the concert in the end?

wholeNumbe6
Sue had a total ot 22pink and blue ribbons.
After her mother gave her 14 brue ribbons and 6 pink ribbons, Sue
had an equal number of pink and blue ribbons.
How many pink ribbons did Sue have at first?

Solution:

After Change

Vorbing
Pink to
Blue f14
BacLwards

Before

Pink I unit 8 6
22
Blue I unit 6
<--.----------->
14

2 units -22 - 8
1A
- t.t
lunit-]4*2
-1
Pink(atfirst)-7+8
=15
Sue had 15 pink ribbons at first.

Primary 3lvtasterin Bar Modql

 Practice Ouestions 1.5c

l. Chloe had 17 muffins and cookies altogether.

After she bought another 5 muffins and 12 cookies, the number of
muffins was the same as the number of cookies.
How many cookies did Chloe have at firstZ

2. Joan had two times as many sweets as Kim.

After Joan bought another 13 sweets and Kim received another
37 sweets from her sister, they had an equal number of sweets.
How many sweets did Joan have at first?

WholeNumber5
Worked Example 5d

Mr Ali had a total of 150 gold and silver coins.

He gave 22 silver coins to his son and 8 gold coins to his daughter.
In the end, he had an equal number of gold and silver coins.
How many gold coins did Mr Ali have at first?

Solution:

After
Changed
rlrzz

v8

Before
22

Silver I unit I

I 14 'r50
Gold 1 unit 8
I

22 +8 -30
2 units = 150 - 30
_120
I unit = 120 +2
=60
Gold (at first) - 60 + 8
=68
Mr Ali had 68 gold coins at first.

[Link] 3 [Link] 86r mofl Draxlng

 Practice Ouestions lSd

l. Lola and Jess had a total of 100 stlckers.

After Lola gave away 31 stickers and Jess gave away 9 stickers,
they had the same number of stickers left.
How many stickers did Jess have at first?

2. Klm had two times as many stamps as Owen.

After Kim gave away 65 stamps and Owen gave away 20 stamps,
each of them had the same number of stamps left.
How many stamps did each of them have in the end?
o Betore-and-After: Same Total (lnternal Transferl

Worked Erample 6a

Container A has 80 marbles.

There are two times as many marbles in Container B as Container A.
How many marbles must be moved from Container B to Container A
so that there is an equal number of marbles in each container?

Solution:

Before

Container A 80
Container B 80 80

After
'I
BO unit I

80 1 unit 1 unit

BO

2 units - 80
I unit = 80 *2
=a0
40 marbles must be moved from Container B to Container A.

3 lar MoCel gnvin

 Practice Questions 1.6a

1. Cory has 28 toy cars and Don has two times as many toy cars as
Cory.
How many toy cars must Don give to Cory so that they each have
the same number of toy cars in the end?

2. Leah had $100 and Kyla had $340.

How much must Kyla give Leah so that they have the same amount
of money?

Whole
Before-and-After: Same Tota! (Fixed euantities!

Worked Example 6b

Tim had 24 more bottle caps than Josh.

After Josh gave Tim 8 bottle caps, Tim had 3 times as many bottle
caps as Josh.
How many bottle caps do they have altogether?

Solution: Do gru thinla [Link] s a clvrye in fhe total

ntmber of bottle caps?
the total n"rrnber of boffb f ) betwezn
Nlo,
Tim and &sh rermirwd vnclnryed.
Before

Tim 24
Josh

After (l -5n 3 units

(>
Tim 1 unit 8 24 o
n
Josh 1 unit U grve

2 units

2units=8+24+8
=40
1 unit = 40 +2
=20
4 units -20 x4
=80
They had 80 bottle caps altogether.

c' Fairfield Book Pubt,shers Primrry, [Link] Bar ltlodel Drcwlng

 Practice Ouestions l.6b

l. There were 30 more bricks in House A than in House B.

After transferring 10 bricks from House B and placing them in
House A, there were two times as many bricks in House A than in
House B.

How many bricks were there altogether?

2. There were 52 more cookies on Tray X than on Tray Y.

After transferring 12 cookies from Tray Y to Tray X, Tray X had two

tlmes as many cookies as Tray Y.
How many cookies were there altogether?

whole Ntmbets
o Before-and-After: Same Total (Equa! Removed and Added)

Worked Example

Frank has $15 more than Ella at first.

After Ella spend $30 on a backpack and Frank receive another $30
from his grandmother, Frank had two times as much money as Ella.
How much money do they have altogether?

Solution:

Before

Frank $1s
)
Ella

After
2 units
I
Frank I unit $30 $ts $s0 I
I
?
Ella I unit $30

1 unit

I unit - $30 + $15 + $30

= $75
3 units - $75 x 3
= j22s
They had $225 altogether.

O Fairlield Eook Publisners Primrr, ! f,[Link] Blr rttodel Drauhg

 Practice Ouestions 1.7

t. Jen had l0 more cookies than Kate.

After Kate ate 5 cookies and Jen baked another 5 cookies, Jen had
two times as many cookies as Kate.
How many cookies do they have altogether?

2. Phil had 4 more caps than Steve.

After Steve gave away 9 caps and Phil bought another 9 caps, Phll
a had three times as many caps as Steve.
How many caps do they have altogether?

Whole
 o Before-and-Af ter: Same Difference (Age)

Worked Example

Solution:
+ 5 years
Now Future 0n 5 years'time)
2 units
Julie 12 T--
Julie I 5 12
Sister ? I
S S te r 5
I
I I unit
'I
unit

1 unit - 12

1?-5-7
ln 5 gears'tirvre, both &lie
Her sister is 7 years old now andher sister will be 5 years
older and we add 5 gears lo
the front of ench of their
model. This wag we can clenrlg
see tronthe mo&l that the
difterence in their ages does
not clvnge.

_@_ 6, Fairleld Book Pubhshers [Link] I [Link] Bar tlodC Orldng

 Practice Questions 1.8

L Keith is 10 years older than Dan.

In 4 years' time, he will be two times as old as Dan.
How old is Keith now?

2. 7 years ago, Ray was two times as old as Paul.

Paul is 20 years old now. How old is Ray now?

Whole Numbe6
o Before-and-After: Same Difference (Same Amount Add ed)

Worked Example

Matt had 26 more chocolates than Pete.

After both of them bought another 5 chocolates each, Man had
three times as many chocolates as Pete.
How many chocolates did Pete have at first?

Solution:

Before ,

Matt 26
Pete )

After(M+5,P+5)
3 units
i q
M att I
I
26
I
Pete I
I
5 )
2 units
<t-.---.----->
1 unit
When adding the sarme
2 units = 26 nwaber to both parties, add
l unil:26 +2 to the front of the model
_13 bsing dotted lines). This wag
we can clurlg see fromthz
13-5-8 trnodel tlnt
the diflerence
Pete had 8 chocolates at first. retmined fhe same.

Prim.r, 3 [Link] 8.r ilodel [Link]

 Practice Questions 1.9

1. Beth had 42 more buttons than Cleo.

After each of them bought another 10 buttons, Beth had three times
as many buttons as Cleo.
How many buttons did Cleo have at first?

2. Nat had two times as many cookies as Pam.

After each of them baked another 18 cookies, Pam had 53 cookies.
How many cookies did Nat have at first?

Whole Numbe$
@ Before-and-Af ten Same Difference (Same Amount
Removedl

Worked Example

Ruth has 50 more ribbons then Paige.

After each of them gave 12 ribbons away, Ruth had two times as
many ribbons as Paige.
How many ribbons did Ruth have at first?

Solution:

Before

Ruth 50
Paige )

After
2 units

Ruth 12 I unit 50
Paige 12 1 unit I unit

I unit = 50
When subtracting the *me
2 units = 50 + 50 nvmber fronr both parties, we
= 100 subtract frowr the front of
tha
nnodel bhaded). This wag
Ruth (at first) = 100 + 12
we can clrrrlg see tromthe
= ll2 nnodel that the ditterence
Ruth had ll2 ribbons at first. rewnitled fhe sanne.

[Link] 3 tn rlng tll Modcl [Link]!

 Practice Questions l.l0

1. Clay had 35 more toy cars than Brad.

After each of them donated 15 toy cars to a fund-raising carnival,
Clay had two times as many toy cars as Brad.
How many toy cars did Clay have at first?

2. Jill had three times as many bangles as Meg.

After each of them gave 6 bangles away, Meg had 14 bangles.
How many bangles did Jill have at flrst?

WholeNumbet5
o Before-and-After: Same One ttem

Worked Example

James had 25 more pencils than rulers.

After he gave away 45 pencils, he had three times as many rulers
as pencils.
How many rulers did James have?

Solution
Before

Pencils 25
Rulers

After
45

Pencils 1 unit 20 of
LJ

Rulers unit
1 20
<--.------------
3 units

2 units -45 -25 lsthis questbn aslaing tor tlv,

ntmber of rulers &wres have
-20 ht first" or'inthe end"?
I unit = 20 *2 tt does mt rmtfer as the
1n - number of rulers remained
-tv
'10+20-30 tlre sarr.
James had 30 rulers

@ Prirnary 3 [Link] B.r itodel [Link]

 Practice Questions [Link]

1. Jeff had 34 marbles more than Matt.

After Jeff lost 60 marbles, Matt had three times as many marbles
as Jeff.
How many marbles did Man have?

2. During recess, there were 40 fewer boys than girls at the canteen.
After 20 girls joined. there were two times as many girls as boys
at the canteen.
How many boys were there at the canteen?

Whole
@ Before-and-After: Both Changed

Worked Example t2(a)

There were 26 fewer bottles of orange juice than apple juice.

After a supermarket sold 30 bonles of orange juice and 12 bonles
of apple juice, there were two rimes as man! bbttles of apple juice
as orange juice.
How many bonles of orange juice were there at first?

Solution
Before
Orange juice ?

Apple juice 26

After
Orange juice I unit 30
Apple juice 1 unit 30 14 12
{>
2 units

26 -12 =14
lunit=30+14
-44
44 +30 =71
There were 7rl bonles of orange juice at first.

19 Farrfield Book Publlshers 3 [Link] Blr Model Orawlng

 Practice Ouestions l.l2(a)

l. Kent had $130 more than Lynn.

After Kent spent $50 and Lynn spent $20, Kent had two times as
much money as Lynn.
How much money did Lynn have at first?

2. Sam baked two times as many muffins as cookies at first.

After giving 8 muffins to her neighbour and 12 cookies her sister,
Sam has 20 more muffins than cookies.
How many cookies did Sam have in the end?

WholeNumbe$
Chris has two times as much money as Shawn.
After Chris received another $12 and Shawn received $20 in
allowance, Chris has $50 more than Shawn.
How much did Shawn have in the end?

Solution:

Before
Chrrs I unit I unit
Shawn I unit

After
1 unit
*--_>
Chris I unit $20 $38 $r2 i

Shawn 'I
unit $20 ;

) $s0

1 unit = $20 + $38

= $58
Shawn (in the end) = $58 + $20

=$E
Shawn had i78 in the end.

Book Publishers 3 [.5tcring 8a] l,lodel Orawlng

 Practice Questions l.l2b)

l. Reese has two times as many dolls as Jade.

After Reese bought another 5 dolls and Jade received 1l dolls from
her cousin, Reese has 16 more dolls than Jade.
How many dolls did Jade have in the end?

2. Joy had 23 more necklaces than Gwen.

After Joy received another 3 necklaces from her sister and Gwen
bought another 9 necklaces, Joy had two times as many necklaces
as Gwen.
How many necklaces did Gwen have at first?

Whole Numberc
Worked Example 12(c)

Tess had two times as many red buttons as blue buttons at first.
After her mother gave her 10 red buttons and she lost 5 blue buttons,
she had 35 blue buttons left.
How many red buttons did Tess have in the end?

Solution:

Before
Red I unit I unit
Blue 1 unit

After(R+10,B-5)
?

Red 35 5 I unit 10
Blue 35 5
.-
1 unit

lunit*35+5
=40
Red (end) - 40 + 40 + l0
-90
She had 90 red buttons in the end.

O Fairrield Book Publishers 3 [.rt rlng Bar odcl Drcwing

 Practice Ouestions l.l2(c)

l. Claire had two times as many sweets as lollipops at first.

After giving away 11 lollipops and buying another 5 sweets, she had
20 lollipops left.
How many sweets did Claire have in the end?

2. Anna had 7 more pencils than Elle.

After Anna gave away 5 pencils and Elle bought another 20 pencils.
Elle had two times as many pencils as Anna.
How many pencils did Anna have at first?

wholeNumbe6
 Chapter
Fractions

What willbe covered:

Q Represent and Simplify Fractions (Word Problems)

O Solve Word Problems Involving the Addition of Fractions
Q Solve Word Problems Involving the Subtraction of Fractions
O Solve Word Problems Involving Fractions

-
O Fairlieid Book P!b[shers Primary 3 [Link]€rin9 B.r Model [Link]
o Represent and Simplify Fraction in Word Problems

Worked Example l(a)

Mrs Lee baked'12 muffins.

Her son ate 3 muffins.
What fraction of the muffins Mrs Lee baked did her son eat?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

Solution:
Total ( 12 parts)

IIIIII rII
+---->
Son (3 parts)

Son 3
Tota 'D.
1

4
Her son ate ot the muffins.
]

Ftoctions
 Practice Ouestions 2.1(a)

l. Gem has 8 ribbons.

She gave 4 ribbons to, Elsa.
What fraction of Gem's ribbons did Elsa receive?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

2. Jack bought a bag of marbles.

There were l0 marbles in the bag.
There were 2 yellow marbles and the rest were blue.
What fraction of the marbles were blue?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

, Bar Model
 Worked Example 1(b)

Sue cut a pizza into 12 equal slices.

She gave 4 slices ot pizza to Liam and 'l slice ot pizza to May.
She ate 2 slices of the pizza.

(a) What fraction of the pizza was given to Liam?

6) What fraction of the pizza was left?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

Solution:
Total (.l2 parts)

IIIIIIIIIIII <------> -<---> <---------------

Left sue f Liam
(? parts) (2 parts) | (4 parts)
May
('l part)

(a) Liam_ 4
TOGI 12
_i_
-3
I ot the pizza was given to Liam.
O) 12-7=5
Left 5
Tota 12
5
E of the pizza was left.

Ftoctiont
 Practice Ouestions 2.1(b)

l. Beth cuts her birthday cake into '10 equal slices.

She gave 3 slices of the cake to her cousin, 2 slices of the cake to
her brother and ate I slice of the cake by herself.
(a) What fraction of the cake was given to Beth's cousin?

(b) What fraction of the cake was left?

Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

3 Bar Model
2. Paige went on a shopping spree with $40. She spent $10 on a
bracelet, $18 on a dress and $7 on food.
Fraction in its simplest form.
(a) What fraction of her money did Paige spent?

b) What fraction of her money did Paige have left?

Leave your answer as a fraction in its.
o Solve Word Problems tnvoluing Addition of Fraction

Worked Example

Cory spent ot his savings on a watch.

t
,. t of his savings on a notebook.
What fraction of his savings did Cory spend?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form

Solution:
savings (10 parts)

II
<-..-..---------<(_'>

watch notebook
(4 parts) (3 parts)

atch) 2 4
5 l0-
4 3 7
+ 't0-
10 10
Cory spent 7 of his savings.
m

Prlrttrry 3 [.st rlng Bar ilod.l

 Practice Questions 2.2

l. Ivy had some flour.

She used kg ot it to bake a cake anO
{ fr kg of it to bake some
cookies.
Find the total mass of flour she used.

2. Kate used m of a ribbon to wrap a gift.

]
She had m or the ribbon left.
t
Find the actual length of ribbon Kate had at first.

Froctions
o Solve Word Problems tnvolving Subtraction of Fractions

Worked Example

Drew painted
,5 l ot a room blue.

He painted of it white.
fi
What fraction of the room was not painted?
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

Solution:
room (10 parts)

II
blue
rI
white not painted
(2 parts) (4 parts) (? parts)

toruer
| = fr
1024 4
r0 r0 10 10
2
5
2
of the room was not painted.
5

[Link] 3 [Link] Bar Mo

 Practice Ouestions 2.3

l. The mass of a box of oranges is fl r<g.

Given that the mass the box is

I f<0, find the mass of the oranges.
Leave your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

ate ot a pizza while Luke ate

2. Bob
I { ot the same pizza.
What fraction of the pizza was left?

Ftoctions
o Solve Word Problems Inuoluin g Fract:ons

Worked Example 4(a)

Bruce spent
$ of his savings on a game console.
He spent ot his savings on a pair of earphones.
]
(a) What fraction of his money did Bruce spend altogether?
O) What fraction of his money did Bruce have left?

Solution:
Savings (i2 parts)

IIIII
a >< >+
I
Game console Earphones Left
(8 parts) (3 parts) (.1 part)

(gameconsole)
3=#
(earphones) 3
] =T
rar s.#=#
Bruce spent ll of his money.
t2

o) 12
'11
_ I
D. 12- t2
He had of his money left.
fr

Pdmr.y 3 ihrl..lng B!] ilodal [Link]

 Practice Questions 2.4(a)

l. Craig bought a pizza.

He gave of the pizza to his brother and ate of the pizza.
t ]
(a) Find the fraction of the plzza that Craig ate and gave away.

(b) Find the fraction of the pizza that Craig had left.

2. Ruth bought a pie. She g.r" fi of the pie to Sage and

J ot rhe pie
to Tess
She then gave 1 of the pie to Val and kept the remaining pie for
6
herself.
(a) What fraction of the pie was given away?

(b) What fraction of the pie did Ruth keep for herself?

Fru(tions
Worked Example 4(b)

At a car warehouse,'5p of the cars are painted black.

ot the cars are painted white and the rest are painted silver.
I
Given that there are 12 more black than silver cars, find the number
of white cars at the warehouse.

Solution:

Total cars (10 parts)

II
black white silver
(4 parts) (5 parts) (1part)

( bl ack) z_ 4
5-r0
( h te ) l_ s
2- 10
(silver) 104 5 1

10 10 l0- I0
4 'r _3
(3 units)
tT t0-t0
3 units - 12
lunit-]2+3
-4.
5units=5x4
-20
There are 20 white cars at the warehouse.

e Fairile d Book P!b,shers [Link] S Ilrstrrlng Bar llodel T

 Practice Ouestions 2.4O)

1. Eva, Fay and Gem shared the cost of a birthday gift.

Eva
{ of the cost of the gift.
paid

Fay paid
{ of the cost of the gift and Gem paid $20.
Find the cost of the birthday gift.

2. Mel bought some candies comprising sweets, lollipops and

chocolates for a party.
She bought two times as many sweets and chocolates.

Given that of the candies she bought were lollipops, how many
f
candies did Mel buy altogether if she bought 40 sweets?

Ftottions
Length
Ch a pter 3

What willbe covered:

0 Solve Problems Involving Addition

O Solve Problems Involving Subtraction

O Solve Problems Involving More than/Less than

O Solve Problems Involving Multiplication and Division

O Solve Problems Involving Repeated Quantity

e Farrfield Book Pubhshers Prlmary 3 [Link] Bar Mod.l Drawing

o Solve Word Problems lnvoluing Addition

Worked Example

Meg bought 12 m 25 cm of thread.

Pam bought 17 m 58 cm of thread.
Find the total length of thread they bought.

Solution:

Meg 12m25 cm
,
Pam 12m25cm

17m58cm

12m25 cm +17 m 58 cm =29m83cm

The total length of thread they bought was 29 m 83 cm.
 Practice Ouestions 3.1

l. Mrs Lim used 16 m 12 cm of cloth to make curtains for her bedroom.

She used another 28 m 95 cm of cloth to make curtains for her living
room.
Find the total length of cloth she used to make the curtains.

2. Bob walkedI km from his home to the library.

After borrowing some books, he walked 450 m to the hawker
centre.
He then walked 825 m home.
Find the total distance Bob walked.
Give your answer in metres and kilometres.

3 Bar Model
o Solve Word Problems lnvolving Subtraction

Worked Example

Anna is l m 35 cm tall.
Her friend Liam is 1 m 58 cm tall.
Who is taller and how much taller?

Solution:

Anna lm35cm
Liam lm35cm )

lm58cm
lm58cm-lm35cm-23cm
Liam is taller than Anna by 23 cm.

IE ffi t ig
E
 Practice Ouestions 3.2

l. The distance between the beach and Town A is 7 km 580 m.

The distance between the beach and Town B is 13 km 330 m.
Which town is further from the beach?
How much further?

.l00
2. Chris have m of rope.
He used 47 m 85 cm of rope to tie some trees together.
He used another 15 m 20 cm of rope to tie some boxes.
Find the length of rope Chris had left.

[Link] 3 Bar tlodel

o Soluing Word Problems lnvolving More thanrless than
Problem

Worked Example

The height of a bridge is 14 m 50 cm. It is 5 m 80 cm taller than a

tree.
Find the total height of the bridge and the tree.

Solution:

Tree
)
Bridge 5m80cm

12m50cm

14 m 50 cm -5 m 80 cm -8 m 70 cm
8 m 70 cm +14 m 50 cm = 23 m 20 cm
The total height of the bridge and the tree is 23 m 20 cm.

Length
 Practace Questions 3.3

1. The length of a plastic pipe is 27 m B cm.

It is 9 m 15 cm shorter than a metal pipe.
Find the total length of plastic pipe and metal pipe.

2. The total height of Jeff and Kim is 314 cm.

Given that Kim is 48 cm shorter than Jeff, what is Jeff's height?
Give your answer in metres and centimetres.

O [Link] Book Publishers 3 Bar Model

o Solving Word Problems lnvoluing Multiplication/Division

WorkedExamfle

A lamppost is 4 times as tall as a fence

Given that the totai length of the lamppost and the fence is 600 cm
tall, how much taller is the lamppost than the fence2
Give your answer in metres and centimetres.

Solution:

Fence I unit
600 cm
Lamppost 1 unit I unit I unit I unit

5 units - 600 cm
lunit-600cm*5
= 120 cm
3 units - ]20 cm x 3
- 360 cm
=3m60cm
The lamppost is 3 m 60 cm taller than the fence.

Length
 Practice Questions 3.4

l. A lorry is three times as long as a motorcycle.

Given that the total length of the lorry and the motorcycle is l0 m
long, how much longer is the lorry than the motorcycle?
Give you answer in metres.

2. A measuring tape is four times as long as a ruler.

Given that the total length of the measuring tape and ruler is 2 m
long, find the length of the measuring tape.
Give your answer in centimetres.

O Fairfield Book Publisners 3 Bar Model

o Solving Word Problems lnvolving Repeated ltems

The length of a blue ribbon is three times the length of a red ribbon.
The length of the red ribbon is two times the length of a yellow
ribbon.
Given that the yellow ribbon is 50 cm long, find the total length of
three ribbons.

Solution:

Blue lunitilunit I unit I unit 1 unit i 'l unit

Red I unit 1 unit ?
I
Yellow i'lunit I
I

?eap lron Clvpter L.3, ?apealed tfams.

Draw the repented rtera/identrtginllno rriddb.
ln this question, tlrz itern that is beirq'reputed"
lconwred twice) is tlv red ribbon.

I unit - 50 cm
9units-50cmx9
= 450 cm
The total length of the 3 ribbons is 450 cm.

Leogth 6
 Practice Questions 35(a)

l. Building A is two times as tall as Building B.

Building B is three times as tall as Building C.
Given that Building C is 100 m rall, flnd rhe total height of the three
buildings?

2. A rope isthree times as long as a stick while pole is two times as

long as the rope.
Given that the stick is 20 m long, find the total length of the rope,
stick and pole?

-
e Feirbd +ok [Link]€rs Primary 3 l,lastcling 8rr Model Drarring
 Rope B is two times as long as Rope C.
Rope A is 12 m longer than RoPe B.
Given that the total length of the three ropes is 97 m, find the
length of Rope A.

Solution:

Rope A 1 unit I unit 12

Rope B 1 unit I unit 97m

Rope C I unit

5 units =97 m -12m

-85m
lunit=85m*5
=17m
17m+17m+'l2m-46m
The length of Rope A is 16 m.

a
Length
 Practice Questions 3.5O)

l. A pencil is three times as long as an eraser.

A ruler is 25 cm longer than the eraser.
Given that the total length of the three items is 50 cm, find the
length of the pencil.

2. String Y is three times as long a String X.

String Z is longer than String Y by 30 cm.
Given that the total length of the three strings is 310 cm, find the
length of String Z.

C FatfLeld Book Publshe.s 3 Bal

 A coffee table is 30 cm shorter than a dinning table.
A bar table is two times as high as a dining table.
Given that the total height of the three tables is 250 cm, find the
height of the dining table.

Solution:

Coffee table 1 unit

'I 250 cm
Dinning table unit 30 cm
Bar table I unit 30 cm 1 unit 30 cm

30cmx3-90cm
4 units - 250 cm - 90 cm
- 160 cm
I unit = 160 cm -:- 4
-40cm
40cm+30cm-70cm
The height of the dining table is 70 cm.

Length
 Practice Ouestions 3.5(c)

L Pole Y is 5 m longer than Pole X.

Pole Z is two times as long a Pole y.
Given that the rotal length of the three poles is 375 m, find the
length of Pole Y.

2. Stick A is 12 cm shorter than Stick B.

Stick C is three times as long a Srick B.
Given that the total length of the three sticks is 598 cm, find the
length of Stick B.

O Fairlield Book 3 Bar Model

Mass
Chapter 4

What willbe covered:

0 Solving Word Problems Involving More than

O Solving Word Problems Involving Less than

O Solving Word Problems Involving Mass

@ Solving Word Problems lnvolving Multiplication

O Solving Word Problems Involving Division

@ Solving Word Problems Involving Repeated Ouantity

Primary 3 [Link] 8ar ilodel [Link]

o Solving Word Problems lnuolving More than

Worked Example

A watermelon is 400 g heavier than a honeydew.

Given that the mass of the watermelon is 1 kg 200 g, find the mass
of 2 such honeydews? Leave your answer in grams.

Solution:

1kg200g

Watermelon I unit 400 g

Honeydew 1 unit

1kg200g-12009
1 - 1200 g - 400 g
unit
-8009
8009+8009-16009
The mass of 2 honeydew is 1600 g.

O Fairli€ld Book Publishers [Link] 3 ilast rlnt 8ar ilod.l Drr[lng

 Practice Questions 4.1

1. John weighs 34 kg 200 g.

Given that he is 8 kg 300 g heavier than his younger sister, how
much do they weigh altogether?

2. Lynn used 900 g of flour to bake brownies.

She used 325 g more flour to bake a cake than the brownies.
How much flour did Lynn use altogether?
Leave your answer in grams.

(
I

(
f
a

Mass
o Solving Word Problems Inuolving Less than

Worked Example

The mass of a jackfruit is 2 kg 100 g.

A papaya is 1 kg 200 g lighter rhan the jackfruit.
Find the total mass of the jackfruit and rhe papaya.

Solution:

2kgl00g
Jackfruit I unit 1kg200g
2
Papaya I unit

2kg100g-1k92009=Qggg
2kgl00g+9009=3kg
They weigh 3 kg altogether.

[Link] 3 [Link] 8.. ltiodel

 Practice Questions 4.2

l. The mass of a sofa is 152 kg 100 g.

A coffee table is 65 kg 270 g lighter than the sofa.
Find the mass of the coffee table and the sofa.

2. Gwen weighs 46 kg 500 g.

Last year, she weighs a3 kg 820 g.
How much did Gwen gain this year?
Leave your answer in kilograms and grams.

Moss
o Solving Word Problems tnvolving Mass

The total mass of a skateboard and a bicycle is 9 kg 280 g.

The bicycle is three times as heavy as the skateboard.
How much heavier is the bicycle than the skateboard?
Leave your answer in kilograms and grams.

Solution:
?
Skateboard I unit
9kg280s
bicycle I unit I unit I unit

9kg2B0g=92809
4 units - 9280 g
lunit-92809*4
--2320 g
2 units =2320 g x2
= 4640 g
=4k94609
The bicycle is 4 kg 460 g heavier than the skateboard.

Faifield Book tublishers Primaiy 3 [Link] ring Bla t od.l Drarlng

 Practice Questions 4.3

l. The total mass of Chris and his son is 136 kg.

Given that Chris is three times as heavy as his son, find the difference
between their masses.

2. A dog weighs 4 times as much as a puppy.

The mass of the puppy is 1 kg 370 g.
Find the total mass of the dog and the puppy.
Express your answer in kilograms and grams.

Moss
o Solving Word Problems lnvolving Multiplication
Worked Example

The mass of a bag of rice is 9 kg.

Given that the mass of a bottle of milk is 7 kg lighter than a bag of
rice, find the total mass of 4 bottles of milk aid 1 Oags of rice.

Solution:

9kg
1 bag of rice I unit 7kg
1 bottle of milk I unit

lunit=9kg-7kg
-2kg
9kg+2kg-11 kg.
11 kg x 4 -44k9
The total mass of 4 bonles of milk and 4 bags of rice is 44 kg.

Prima ry 3 [Link]€ring Bar

 Practice Questions 4.4

l. The mass of an apple is 83 g.

Given that the mass of an orange is 44 g heavier than the mass of
an apple, find the total mass of 2 apples and 2 oranges.

2. A shop sells 10 packets of coffee beans and 10 packets of coffee

powder a day.
Given that the mass of 1 packet of coffee beans is 2 kg and the
mass of 1 packet of coffee powder is'l kg 200 g lighter, find the total
mass of coffee beans and coffee powder the shop will sell in 3 days.
o Solving hlord Problems tnvolving Division
Worked Example
.l8
A shop keeper had kg of beans.
He sold 9 kg 700 g of beans and packed the rest equally into
'10
packets.
How many grams of beans did he pack in each bag?

Solution:

18 kg

9kg700g )

sold 10 equal packets

18kg-9k97009=8k93009
8kg300g=83009
83009*10-8309
He packed 830 g of beans in each bag.

ial Farriield Eook Publishe.s [Link] :} ast ring Bar Model Drrwing
 Practice Questions 4.5

'1. Mr Wong had 5 kg of tea leaves.

He sold 1720 g of it and packed the rest equally into 8 bags.
How many grams of tea leaves did he pack in each bag?

2. The total mass of a dictionary and 6 identical exercise books is 2 kg

200 g.
Given that the mass of the dictlonary is 1k9276 g, find the mass of
I exercise book.

Moss
 o Solving Word Problems lnvolving Repeated Quantity

The mass of a table is 26 kg.

The mass of a bed is 1'l kg more than the table but lB kg lighter than
a cupboard.
Find the total mass of the three items.

Solution

Table 26 kg
Bed 26 kg 11 kg 2

Cupboard 26 kg 11 kg 18 kg

26kg + 11 kg = 37 19
26kg+11 kg+18kg-5skg
26kg + 37 kg + 55 kg - ll8 kg
The total mass is ll8 kg.

fr TETqE
O Fairfield Primary 3 Mrstari ng Bar
 Practice Ouestions 4.6(a)

l. An apple weighs 85 g.
An orange is 50 g heavier than the apple but 76 g lighter than a
grapefruit.
Find the total mass of the three fruits.

2. Claire weighs 40 kg.

Dawn is 6 kg heavier than Eva but 2 kg lighter than Claire.
Find their total mass.

Moss
Worked Example 4.6G)

Jake weighs 22 kg.

Karl is three times as heavy as Jake.
Luke weighs 15 kg lesser than Karl.
How heavy is Luke?

Solution:

22kg
<--->
Jake I unit
Karl 1 unit 1 unit I unit
Luke )
15 kg

I unit - 22 kg
3 units -22k9 x3
-66k9
66kg-15k9-5lkg
Luke weighs 5l kg.

€ Fsr ield Book Publishers [Link] 3 [Link] .ing 8!l ltod.l Druuing
 Practice Ouestions 4.6(b)

l. Bag D weighs 13 kg.

Bag E is three times as heavy as Bag D.
Bag F weighs 20 kg lighter than Bag E.

Find the mass of Bag F.

2. Lily weighs 28 kg.

Mel is two times as heavy as LilY.
Nurul weighs 11 kg lighter than Mel.
Find Nurul's weight.

Moss
Worked Example 4.6(c)

Container Y is 400 g heavier than Container X.

Container Z is two times as heavy as Container y.
The total mass of the three containers is 3 kg 600 g.
Find the mass of Container Z.
Leave your answers in kilograms.

Solution:

Container X I unit
Container Y I unit 400 g 3kg600g
container z 1 unit 400 g I unit 400 g

3k96009-36009
4009x3-12009
4 units - 3600 g - 1200 g

-2400 g
'I
unit-24009*4
-6009
600 g +400 g +600 g + 400 g = 2000 g

-2kg
The mass of Container Z is 2kg.

Book [Link] 3 Mrst ring B.r ltlodgl Dllwlng

 Practice Questions 4.6(c)

1. The total mass of three children is 161 kg.

Fred is 15 kg lighter than Glen.

Harry is two times as heavY as Glen.
How heavy is Harry?

2. Box A is 3 kg heavier than Box B.

Box C is three times as heavy as Box A.
The total mass of the three boxes is 107 kg.
What is the mass of Box C?

Moss
Volume
Chapter 5

What will be
o covered:

O Solving Word Problems Involving part-whole

O Solving Word Problems Involving More than/Less than
O Solving Word Problems Involving Multiplication
O Solving Word Problems Involving Division
O Solving Word Problems Involving Repeated Ouantity
@ Solving Word Problems Involving Internal Transfer

O Fairtield Book PLrb shers [Link] 3 [Link] Bar tulod.l Drawin I

o Solving word Problems !nvolving Part-whole

Worked Example

Ajar was fully filled with grape juice.

Shawn drank 740 m/ from the jar on Monday and another 1 1230 mt
on Tuesday.
4 1280 ml of grape juice was then left in the jar.
Find, in litres and millilitres, the total amount of grape juice that can
fill the jar completely.

Solution:

744 mt 1 1230 ml 4 t280 mt

Monday Tuesday left

740 mt +1 1230 mt + 4 1280 ml -61250m[

The jar can fill 6 t 250 m/ of grape juice completely.

Volume
 Practice Questions 5.1

L Ann bought a bottle of liquid detergent from a supermarket.

She used 2 1130 m/ of detergent to wash some curtains and another
4 I 570 m/ of it to wash carpets.
How many litres of detergent can fill the bottle completely, given
that there were 3 t300 mt of liquid detergent left in the bottle.

2. Belle bought some soda for a party.

She drank 300 m/ of it and poured the rest equally into 2 jugs.
Given that each jug contained 950 m/ of soda, how much soda did
Belle buy?
Leave your answer in lltres and millilitres.

Bar Model
o Solving Word Problems lnvolving More than, Less than

Worked Example

A bottle holds 9050 m/ less water than a pail.

Given that the pail can hold 12 1250 m/ of water, find the total
amount of water needed to fill both the bottle and the pail.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

Solution:

Bottle
?
Pail 9050 m/

121250 ml

12 t250 mt -12250 mt
12250 ml - 9050 mt -3200 mt
12250 mt + 3200 ml -15450 mt

-15 t 450 ml
The total amount of water needed to fill both the bottle and the pail
is 15 / 450
-
m/.
 Practice Questions 5.2

1. Pail A contalns 9176 ml of water.

Pail B contains 4595 m/ less water than Pail A.
Find the total amount of water in both pails.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

2. A jug can hold 2010 mt of water.

A basin can hold 7281ml more water than a jug.
Find the total amount of water in the jug and the basin.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

a Fairfeld Book P!b lshers 3

o Solve Word Problems lnvoluing muttiplication

Worked Example 5.3(a!

Dawn had'10 bottles.

She poured 330 m/ of fruit punch equally into each bottle.
3 1250 m/ of fruit punch left.
She had
How much fruit punch did Dawn have at first?
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

Solution:

330 mz x 10 3 t250 mt

10 bottles left

330 m/ x 10 - 3300 m/
3300 m/ + 3250 m/ * 6550 m/
-6t550mt
Dawn had 6r 550 m/ of fruit punch at first.

Volume
 Practice Questions 5.3(a)

l. A tank contains 800 / of petrol.

The petrol from the tank was then pumped into 8 cars.
If each car requires 60 I ot petrol, how much petrol was left in the
tank?

m/ of hot tea was poured into 7 teacups.

2. A flask containing 1500
Given that each teacup can hold 90 ml of hot tea, how much hot tea
was left in the flask?

C Fatrfeld B.,ok PLrb shers 3 Bar Model

 Worked Example 5.36)

A pail can hold 6 times as much water as a jug.

Given that the jug can hold BB0 m/ of water, how much water can
the pail hold?
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

Solution:

880 ml
--
Jug I unit
'I
Pail I unit I unit I unit 1 unit unit I unit
)

880m/x6=5280m/
-5 t28Oml
The pail can hold 51280 m/of water.

Volume H
 Practice Ouestions 5.3b)
o

l. A jug can hold 7 times as much water as a cup.

Given that the capacity of the cup is 300 m/, find the capacity of
the jug.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

2. Beaker A can hold 5 times as much water as Beaker B.

Given that the capacity of Beaker B is 230 m/, find the total capacity
of Beaker A and Beaker B.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

[Link] 3 Ba!
 Worked Example 5.3(c)

Mrs Low poured 700 m/ of rose syrup.

She poured three times as much water into a jug to make a rose
drink.

(a) How much water did Mrs Low pour into the jug?

o) How much rose syrup will Mrs Low need to make 5 more jugs
of rose drink?

Solution:

700 mt
<-
'I
Rose syrup unit
'l 'l unit
Water unit I unit

(a) 700 ml x 3 - 2100 m/

Mrs Low poured 2100 m/ of water into the jug

6) 700 m/ x 5 = 3500 m/
Mrs Low will need 3500 m/ of rose syrup.

Volume
 Practice Questions 5.3(c)

l. Ella used 85 m/ of tea and three times as much milk to make cup of
milk tea.
(a) How much milk did Ella use to make a cup of milk tea?

G) How much tea will Ella need to make B more cups of milk tea?

2. To make some melon soda for a party, Fred poured 3 1205 ml ot

melon juice and two times as much soda into a soda dispenser.
(a) How much soda did Fred use to make the melon soda?

(b) Find the capacity of the soda dispenser.

Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

O ItEd Bot Pr!li"h* [Link] 3 Ma5tering Bar Model [Link]

@ Solving Word Problems tnvoluing Diuision

Worked Example 5.4(a)

A pot contained 2 I150 m/ of coffee.

After pouring 20 cups of coffee, there was 750 mt of coffee left in
the pot.
How much coffee was there in each cup?

Solution:

21150 mt

750 ml

20 cups left

2 t150 mt -2150 ml
Z5A ml -750 ml - 1400 m/
1400 ml +20 -70ml
Each cup had 70 m/ of coffee
-+-->

Volume
 Practice Questions 5.4(a)

l. Ian mixed 1440 ml of pineapple juice with 4760 ml of soda to make

pineapple soda.
He then shared the pineapple soda equally among his 4 friends and
himself.
How much pineapple soda did each of them have?
Leave your answer in litres and millilltres.

2. June bought 7 packets of juice.

Each packet contains 400 m/ of juice.
She then poured them equally into 5 glasses.
How much juice was there is each glass?

O Fa rfield Book P!bllshe's 3 B.r Model

 The capacity of a container is 4 t200 ml.
It can hold 5 times as much orange juice as a bonle.
Find the capacity of the bottle.

Solution:

41200 mt
(>
container I unit 1 unit I unit 1 unit 1 unit
Bottle 1 unit
<---------------
?

4 1200 mt - mt
4200
I unit = 4200 ml * 5

- 840 m/
The capacity of the bottle is 840 ml.

Volume
 Practice Questions 5.4(b)

1. Ajug can hold four times as much lemonade as a cup.

Given that the total capacity of the jug and cup is 1925 m/.
Find the capacity of the cup.

2. Glen drank three times as much milk as Harry.

Given that they drank 1500 m/ of milk altogether, how much milk did
Harry drink?

C. [Link] Book Publishers Bar Model

 The capacity of a beaker is 540 ml.
Three identical bonles of water can fill the beaker completely.
Five identical cups of water can fill a bonle completely.
Find the capacity of a cuP.

Solution:

<-_

540 m/ +- m/
3 = ]80
180 m/-+ 5 = 36 m/
The capacity of a cuP is 36 m/.

Volume _@
 Practice Questions 5.4(c)

l. The capacity of a soup pot is 2 t160 mt.

It can fill 6 identical bowls with soup.
Three identical ladles of soup can fill a bowl.
Find the capacity of a ladle.

2. The capacity of a jugis276 mt

It can fill 3 identical mugs with water.
Four identicaljugs of water can fill a pail.
(a) Find the capacity of a mug.

(b) Find the capacity of the pail.

O Faidield Book Publishers Prlm y t ihstsrinE Bat lrodel Drlwlng

o Solving Word Problems lnvolving Repeated Quantity

Worked Example 55(a)

Beaker A can hold 400 m/ of jam.

Beaker B can hold 350 m, more jam than Beaker A but 100 m/
lesser jam than Beaker C.
Find the amount of jam in the three beakers.

Solution:

Beaker A 400 m/
Beaker B 400 ml 350 m/
Beaker C 400 mt 350 m/ 100 m/

B-400m/+350m/
=750 ml
C=750m/+100m/
= 850 m/
Total - 400 m/ + 750 m/ + 850 m/
- 2000 m/
The total amount of jam is 2000 m/.

Volume
105
 Practice Ouestions 5.5(a)

l. Tank A can hold 1250 mt of water.

Tank B holds 300 m/ lesser water than Tank C but 550 m/ more
water than Tank A.
Find the total capacity of the three tanks.
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

2. Bonle B and Bonle C contained a total of 350 m/ of soda.

Bottle A and Bottle C contained a total of 230 m/ of soda.
If Bottle C contained 105 m/ of soda, find the total amount of soda
in the three bottles.

106 3 Bal
 A flask can hold three times as much water as a cup.
A beaker can hold two times as much water as the flask.
The three containers can hold a total of 1 1800 m/ of water.
How much more water can the beaker hold than the flask?

Solution:

Beaker 1 unit I unit 1 unit lun t lun t 1 unit

'I I unit 1/800m/
Flask unit 1 unit 2

Can iluniti
10 units = 1800 m I
.l
unit _ lggg p62 + 10
m/
= 180
3 units = lB0 m/ x 3
= 540 m/
The beaker can hold 540 ml more water than the flask.

Volume @
 Practice Ouestions 55(b)

1. Pail Y can hold two times as much water as pail Z.

Pail X can hold three times as much water as pail y.
Given that the three pails can hold a total ot 7 t20 m/ of water, how
much more water can Pail X hold than pail Z?
Leave your answer in litres and millilitres.

2. The amount of water a mug can hold is two times that of a cup.
The amount of water a bottle can hold is three times that of the cup.
The total amount of water the cup and mug can hold is 7g0 m/.
Find the total amount of water the three containers can hold.

108 O Farriield Book Publishe.s t Bar Model

 Beaker A can hold 650 m/ of water.
Beaker B can hold three times as much water as Beaker A.
Beaker C holds 950 m/ less water than Beaker B.

How much more water can Beaker C hold than Beaker A?

Solution:

650 m/
--
Beaker A I unit
Beaker B I unit 1 unit 1 unit
Beaker C
950 mt

3 units- 650 ml x 3
- 1950 m/
C - 1950 m/ - 950 ml
.1000
= m/
1000 m/ - 650 ml - 350 m/
Beaker C can hold 350 m/ more water than Beaker A.

Volume
109
 Practice Questions 55(c)

1. Tank Y can hold three times as much water as Tank X.

Tank Z holds 3 1420 ml less water than Tank Y.
Given that Tank X holds 2 110 ml of water, how much more water
can Tank Z hold than Tank X?

2. Jug A has 500 m/ of water.

Jug B has two times as much water as Jug A but 150 m/ of water
lesler than Jug C.
How much more water can Jug C than Jug A?

O Fatrfield Book Publishers 3 Bar Model

@ Soluing Word Problems lnvolving lnternal transfer

Worked Example 5.6(a)

Ben has two fish tanks.

mlof water and Tank B is filled with 3100 mz.
Tank A is fllled with'1900

How much water must be transferred from Tank B to Tank A, so

that each tank has the same amount of water?

Solution:

Tank A 1900 m/ I unir l\Pour

'I unit
Tank B 1900 m/ 1 unit

3100 m/

2 units = 3100 m/ - 1900 m/

=1200 ml
I unit = 1200 mt * 2

= 600 m/
600 m/ of water must be transferred from Tank B to Tank A.

Volume
111
 Practice Ouestions 5.6(a)

l. Bonle A contains 630 m/ of milk and Bottle B contains 480 mt of milk.

How much milk must be poured from Bonle A to Bottle B so that
each bottle has will have the same amount of milk?

2. Lynn has 2 jugs of watermelon juice.

Jug A contains 1830 m/ of watermelon juice and Jug B contains
1470 ml of watermelon juice.
How much watermelon juice must Lynn pour from Jug A to Jug B so
that each jug has the same amount of watermelon juice?

o Fairfield Book PLrb shers Bar Model

 Worked Example 5.66)

Jugs A and B contains the same amount of juice each.

Pete poured 310 m/ of juice from Jug A into Jug B.
How much more juice is there in Jug B than Jug A in the end?

Solution:

Before

Jug A
Jug B

3to">
After (A B)

'I p0ur
Jug A unit 310 ml
Jug B I unit 310 ml 310 m/
___________l

310 m/ + 310 mz - 620 mt

Jug B has 620ml more juice than iug A in the end.

-
Volume H 113
 Practice Questions 5.66)

l. Bottles X and Y contain the same amount of milk.

Jade poured 529 mt of milk from Bonle X to Botrle Y.

How much more milk is there in Bonle Y than Bonle X?

2. Glasses A and B contain the same amount of soda.

Chris poured 1.l8 m/ of soda from Glass A to Glass B.
How much more soda is there in Glass B than Glass A?

C Fairneld Book PLrb shers 3 Bar Model

 Worked Example 5.6(c)

Tins A and B contained 3 I 6A ml oI oil.

Tin A contained five times as much oil as Tin B.
After some oil was poured from Tin A into Tin B, Tin A had two
times as much oil as Tin B.
How much oil was left in Tin A?

Solution:

Before

Tin A I unit I unit I unit 1 unit I unit

3t60m!.
Tin B 1 unit

After
Tin A I unit I unlt I unit i unit I unit
3t60mt
Tin B I unit 1 unit pour

3l60ml-3060ml
6 units - 3060 m/
I unit = 3060 m/-:- 6
= 510 m/
4 units = 510 ml x 4
-2040 mt
2040 ml of oil was left in Tin A

Volume
115
 Practice Questions 5.6(c)

l. A flask and cup contained 1428 ml of tea.

The flask contained five times as much tea as the cup.
After some tea was poured from the flask into the cup, the flask
had two times as much tea as the cup.
How much tea was left in the flask?

2. Pots X and Y contained 4 t200 m/ of soup.

Pot X contained 7 times as much soup as Pot Y.
After some soup was poured from Pot X to Pot Y, Pot X had three
times as much soup as Pot Y.
How much soup was there is Pot Y in the end?

116 Book 3 Brr Model

Answers
o) Total = 2064 + 2560
chapter 1: whole Numbers = 1621
Both boys collected 462a bottle caps altogether.

Practice Qu€stions 1.1

Practice Questions 1.3
l. March

April
89s

895 269
]
2 (b) l. Jake

Kelly
@E l unit 240

(a) April = 895 + 269

? (a) Leah @@E
= lt6a 6 units = 240
Fred sold 116,l cars in April. I unit =240 + 6
=40
6) Total = 895 + 1164 2 units =40x2
= 2059 =80
He sold 2059 cars altogether Jake have 80 postcards.

2. 655 7A

@r
2. <...............

Cain I unit 298 Dave

? (b)
l I unit )
Dave unit
) Eden

? (a)
Frank @E
I unit =$70 -$27
(a) 1 unh = 655 - 298
= 357 = $43 (Eden)
Dave has 357 stickers. Frank = $43 +$19
= $62
O) Total = 655 + 357 Total =$70 +$43 +$62
= l0l2 = ll75
They have l0l2 stickers altogether lhey have Sl75 altogether

Practice Questions 1.2 Practice qu€stions 1.4(a)

L Monday 752
? (b)
l. Before

Tuesday 284
) Max 2

? (a) Nick ,
(a) Tuesday = 752 + 284
= t036 After 2 units
<...............
Aunt Sue baked 1036 cookies on Tuesday

O) Total = 752 + 1036

Max l unit 8

= 1788 Nick l unit 8

She baked l78t cookies altogether. ___r-2____i
-<t----------------
3 units
2- Jefl 2064
? (b) 2 units =8 + l2
Kelth 2064 496
) lunit=20*2
=20

? (a) =10
Total at lirst = 10 + I
(a) Keith = 2064 + 496
=18
= 2560 Each of them had lt marbles at first.
Keith collected 2560 bottle caps.

Prim!ry 3 B.r ilodel [Link] 117

 Z Brrora
Practice Questions 1.4(c)
Yellow ,
l. Beforr
Pink ?

Orange
ffter 3 units
Yeliow

Yellow I unt 45
'I Alter 2 units
Pink unit 45 18r
.<-...............

3 units = 45 +t8
4 units Orange

Yellow
I unit
I unit
EE E 12

=63 <...............
lunit=63+3 17
=21
Pink (at first) = 2l + 45 2units=17-5
=6 =12
Jess had 66 pink beads at lirst. lunit='12+2

Practice Questlons r.4(b) There were 6 yellov,/ balloons in the end.

'1. 2. Bs{ore
&tora
Boys
Matt
Girls ?
Ned 2

AfrBr I unit After 3t

.<............... -+---------------

Matt t9 I
Eoys 1 unit 20 11

l unit
Ned
_,2 i _1'_11=_18__
Girls 20 't'1

+
67 I unit
lunt I unit I unit =31 ll
1unit=67-19 =20
=48 Oirls (end) = 20 + 20
Ned at first = 48 - l9 = ito
=29 There were 40 girls in the canteen in the end
Ned had 29 postcards at first
Practice Questions 1.5(a)
2. Bcforu

Adult
l. After Change

Children Ed

Art€f I unit (?)

Kurt f sza

Adult iti
---i---------r
Eatorr
3l
Children
]l i )3)_2,_=_,91-] Ed l unit s24
r3l
-<+ Kurt l unit $24
'I
unit 2 units

I unit = 124
2 units = 131 - 27
2 units = $24 + $24
= 104
1 unit =104 * 2 = S.8
Kurt had 32il at first. Ed had $48 at first.
=52
There were 52 adults in the end

a
t 118 1/ 3
2. after C hange
Practice Questions 1.5(c)
CYcling zz
'), l. Afllr Change
Ro [Link] ng
Mulfins fs
) rz
Brfor€ Cookles 'lt
Cycling lunt 22
I
140 Barorc
Rollerblading I unit
Muff ns I unit 7 5
17
2 units = 140 - 22 Cookies I unit 7 5
= 8
<...............
lunit=ll8*2 12
=59
There were 59 people rollerblading at the park. 2 units =17 -7
=t0
Practice Questions 1.5(b) uni =10*2
=5
1. Altr She had 5 cookies at first

Paige
2. Aft.r

Ray ') .loan

Kim ?

Before 2 units
Berore 2 units
Paige 1 unit 55 20
_t
Ray 1 unit 55 loan l unit 13

Kim I unit 24 t3
lunit=55+20
37
2 units = 75 + 75
= 150 I unit =37 13
Paige had I50 books at first =24
2 units =24 +24
2. Attlr Change
=48
Joan had 48 sweets at first.
Males .1, zs

Females fe Practice Questions 1.5(d)

l. Aftsr Change
Before 3 units
Loa rl, st
Males I unrt 9 23 JesS {ze
_t
Fema es I unit 9
Betore 31
2units=9+23
'l Lola I unit 9t 22
unit =32 *2 F r00
JesS I unit 9 I
=16
t6+9=25
There were 25 females at the concert in the end 31 +9 =40
2 units =100 - 40
=60
l unit =60 *2
=30
30+9=39
Jess had 39 stickers at first.

1'.tg
2. After 2. B€tore

Kim

Owen
I )
Tray

Tray
x
Y
52 ,)

Betorc 2 units
After(xgY)
65 76
+
--r---------r
Kim 20t 45 I Tray X l unit r t2 52 12

Owen
--t---------r
20 Tray Y I unit r t2 grve
?

<............... I unit
I unit 2 units
1 unir = 65 20
=45 lunit=12+52+12
45 -20 =25
Each of the had 25 stamps in the end. 3units=76x3
=22E
There were 22t cookies altogether
Practice Questions r.6(a)
l. cory I unit 7 grve Practice Questions 1.7
Don I unit 7
E I. Before

len 10
I unit
unit = 28
1
28t2=11
Kate
)
Don must qive Cory la toy cars.
After
2 units
grve
Z Leah $r00 I unit
Kyla $100 I unit
@ Jen

Kate
I unit
I unit
5

5
10
?

$340
2 units = 340 - 100 I unit
240 lunit=5+10+5
240 t2 =20
r20 3units=20x3
Kyla must give Leah 1t20. =60
They had 60 cookies altogether
Practice Questions 1.6(b) 2. Before
l. Belore Phil 4

I
?
f'louse A 30 Steve
7
House B

After 3 unirs
After(BgA) +
2 units
+ Phit I unit 9 4 9
?

House A I unit 10 30 Steve I unit 9

l0_l ,
House B 1 unit m ve 2 units

I unit 2units=9+4+9
lunit=10+30+10 lunit=22*2
=50
3units=50x3 4units=llx4
= r50
There were 150 bricks altogether - =14
-
They had a.a caps altogether

,'.i'.1,i'
 lunit=53-18
Practice Questions 1.8
2 units = 35 + 35
'1. Now Future (in it yearg time)
=70
+ 4 years Nat had ,0 cookies at first
) 2 units
<...............
i-- Practice Questions 1.1o
Keith 10 Keith r 4 r0
t- l. Before
Dan Dan r4 I unit

I unit Clay 35
='10
10-4=6 Brad
6+10=16
Keith is 16 years old now
After
2. Past O ysarg ago) Now
<.............-.
2 units
+ 7 years
Clay l5 I unit 35
?
.<..............
Brad 15 I unit I unit
I
Ray I unit l unit Ray t7 l unit I unit
Paul I unit
r-
Dan t-7_ l unit
1 unit = 35
2 units = 35 + 35
=70
20 -
70+15=85
lunlt=20-7 Clay had t5 toy cars at first
=13
20+13=33 2. Belore
Ray is 33 years old now
Jill I unit lunt l unit
[Link]€ questions 1.9
Meg I unit
l. Berore
?

I
Attcr
Beth 42
Jill 6 14 I unit I unit
Cleo ?
Meg 6 14

After(B+10,C+l0)
3 units lunit=6+14
=20
Beth l_ro_ 42 3units=20x3
=60
cteo I to
2 units Jill had 60 bangles at first.
2 units = 42
lunit=42*2 Practice Questions [Link]
21 -10=ll l. Before ')
Cleo had ll buttons at first

2. Before Jeff 34
2
Matl
Nat 1 unlt l unit
Pam I unlt
After
60
AIter(N+16,P+16)
Jeff l unit 26
uat l_ta_ I unit I unit
Matt 1 unit 26
eam I ta l unit
3 units
53
 2 units = 60 - 34
Practice Questions 1.12(b)
lunit=26+2
=13
L Baforu
t3+26=39 l unit I unlt
Reese
Matt have 39 marbles.
_lade l unit
2. Eerore

Boys Atur
.<..............
lunt
Girls 40
Reese l unit I 16-5 5
I

_t
Atter
Jade
'l
unit 11 +
Boys I unit -- 16

Giris I unit 40 20
___t
1

lunit=ll+16-5
2 unrts
=22
22+11 =33
lunit=40+20 Jade had 33 dolls in the end.
=60
There were 60 boys in the canteen I [Link]

Practice Questions 1.12(a) loy 23

Gwen )
l. Before

Kent $130
After
23
-<..............
Lynn )
Joy 9 14
9-
Atter Gwen
2 units
9
I I unit
Iunit
Kent l unit $20 $80 550

Lynn I unit 520

23 -9 =14
lunit=14+3
$r30-$s0=$80 17 -9 =8
I unit = $20 + $80 Gwen had t necklaces at first
= $100
$100+$20=3120
Lynn had 3120 at first.
Practice Questions 1.12(c)
2. B€fore l. Baloru

I unlt 1 unlt Sweets I unit I unit

I unit Lolllpops I unit

After 20 Atter
-rt-------------
?

12 20 -12 I
12
Sweets 2A l unit ;
I unit Lollipops 2a 1t

l unit
I lnit
lunit=20-12+8
=16 lunit=20+11
16-12=4 =31
she had I cookies in the end. 3l +31 +5 =67
- she had 67 sweets in the end.
 I Brfor! E' t
Ann€

Ele
I 7
r".e,osl =

,l of the cake was given to her cousin

6) r0-6=4
After Left - 4
Total 10
lunt I unit = 18
=?5
Anna t6 2 5
3 ot the cake was left.
Elle 16
l J- r8
---t
I I

2 units
2. $40 (total)

lunit=20-2 $10 $18 $7

=18
18+5=23 bracelet dress food left
Anna have 23 pencils at firsl.
h) $10 + $18 + 57 = $35
Spent _ 35
Chapter 2: Fractions Total - 40
_1
-8
:
Practice Questions 2.1(a)
Paige spent ol her monev
t 't. 8 (totaD
]
+ 6) q-1=l
dd6

..1............... of her money was left.

I 4 (Elsa)
J
i Elsa _4
Practlce Questlons 2.2
Totai
l. Flour

ITTIIIIIIIII
I
-2
Elsa received ji of the ribbons. <-l><...........-...
cake cookies
2. l0 (total)
<!

IIIIIIIIII tcat<el

47fl
{ =
4
fr
2 (yellow) ? (blue) fr*rt=E
I Ivy used
,X k9 of flour.
r0-2=8
blue 8
total - 10 2. Actual length of ribbon

=15
!5 of rhe marbles are blue.
!sed left

Practice Questions 2.1(b)

} =S
{useol
't. l0 total)
rcir)3=#
5 4 _9
ri r0-r0
,(leii) T 2(brother) 3
(cousin)
1(ate)
xate had
,9 m of ribbon at first

Answets
 Pie
Practice Questions 2.3
l. Total mass TTTTTI
II ITITII]E /Tess\ l
Sage

_2
Tess Val Remaining

box (?) oranges

I var/6 -12
22
fi+ n'o= n
(box I 2 tat 9
6 n
3
o n rt
2 9
I
3 of the pie was given away
1 i
(b) 4 3 I
The mass of the oranges is 19 a
! 4 4

2. pizza
- Ruth kept
a
'|
of the pie for herself

t-Tr[T--l Luke
Practice Questioos 2.4(b)
!.:

TTIIITTTIIII
Bob (?) lefr

(Bob) 1 3 <.............. <:-------------- <--------+-

2 6
Eva Fay Gem
(Luke rlJ 2
6 (Eva)
6 3 2 _1 +=#
6666 cay)+=#
ol the pizza was left.
: {cem)l!-$-#=#
Practice Questaons 2.4(a)
sunits ($) =szo
l. P zza
lunit=$20*5
rIIIGave away
IIII
are Lelt
=54
l2 units = 12 x S4
= $48
gift cost
There birthday i/$.
2. Total Candies
{gave away)
t =$
cte);=t IITITII
Sweets t Lollipops

'+.#=#
Craig ate and gave away ol the pizza. Sweets = 2 units
Chocolates

loa
Chocolates = 1 unit
o'18-#=rc-L Lollipops ( )= 4 unts
+
He left of the pizza 2 units = 40
lO1 lunit=40+2
Tunits=7x20
= r{0
Mel bought l{0 candies altogether.

3 B.r Mod.l
 lunit=266cm*2
chapter 3: Length = 133 cm
133 cm + 48 cm = l8l cm
=lmtlcm
[Link] Questions 3.1 .Jeff is 'l m tl cm tall.

t. 16m12cm Practic€ Questions 3.4

16m12cm 1
l. I unit
10m
28m95cm I unit I unit lunit
16m 12 cm +28 m 95 cm =/l5m7cm
The total length of cloth she used to make curtains was
l0m=1000cm
4 units = 1000 cm
45m7cm.
I unit = 1000 cm + 4
r- r ro 450 m 825n = 250 cm
HOme --------+ [Link] ---+- Hawker ---------+ Home
2 units = 250 cm x 2
Center
= 500 cm
lkm=1000m =5m
1000 m + 450 m + 825 m =22'15 m The lorry is 5 n longer than the motorcycle
=2km275m
Bob walked 2 km 275 m. 2. I unit
2m
I unit I unit I unit lunt
Practice Questions 3.2

1. 7km580m 2m=200(m
5 units = 200 cm
7km580m 2
lunir=200cm*5
= 40.m
l3 km 330 m 40cmx4=160cm
The measuring tape is 160 cm long.
13km 330 m -7 km 580 m = 5 km750m
Town B is 5 km 750 m further from the beach than
Town A. Practice Questlons 3.5(al
2. 100 m l. BudngA luttlrrlittl(nit lwttlunittlrrrt
, Burd ng B Il,lit rllrrir tlmit
47m85cm 15m20cm
Building C lllnrt I
fence boxes left
1 unit = 100 m
100 m 47 m 85 cm -15m 20 cm = 36m 95cm
- l0units=100mx10
Chris had :16 m 95 cm of rope left.
= 1000 m
The total height of the three buildings is t000 m.
Practice
- Questions 3.3
2. Pole luit tlLhrl tlrrit luit tlLnit I l
,
l. 27 ,rl,Bcrr,
? Rope llnit tlrnit tlunil )
27m8cm 9m15cm
Stict I r rn'r I

27 m 8 cm +9 m 15 cm =36 m 23 cm
27 m 8 cm +36 m 23 cm =63m31 crn
lunit=20m
The total length of the plastic pipe and metal pipe is 10 units =20 m x 10
63m3lcm =200m
The total length of the rope, stick and pole is 20O m.

2. l unit
314 cm
l unit 48 cm
a>

2 units = 314 cm - 48 cm
= 266 cm
Practice Questions 3,5(b) chapler 4: mass
-- ,---l
'---
l. Pencil
'l unit tunrt I unt
Practice Questions 4.1
Eraser I unlt 30 cm

Ruler I unit 25 cm l. 3a kq 200 !

5 units = 50 cm - 25 cm John I unit 8kg300g ,)

=25cm Sister l unit

lunit=25cm+5
=5cm
3units=5x3 34 kg 200 g8 kg 300 g =2s kg 900 g
=15cm 34 kg 200 g +25 kg 900 g =60 kgl009
The length of the pencil is 15 cm They weigh 60 kg 100I altogether.

2. I unit l unit 1 unit 30 cm 2.

Brownies 900 g
?
I unit 1 unit I unit 310 cm 900 q 325 9
Cake
I unit
1m58cm
7 units = 310 cm - 30 cm
9009+3259=12259
= 280 cm
lunit=280cm*7 9009+12259=21259
Lynn used 2125 g of flour altogether
=40cm
3Units=40cmx3
= 120 cm Practice questions 4.2
120 cm + 30 cm = 150 cm
The length of String Z is t50 cm. t. 152 k9 100 g

Practice Questions 3.5(c) Sofa I unit 65 k9 270 g ,)

Colfee table I unit

l. Pole x 1 unit

Pole Y I unit 5m 375 m r52 kg 100 g - 65 k9 270 =86 kg 830 q I

r52 kg 100 + 86 kg 830 g = 23t kg 930 g
I
Pole Z I unit 5m I unit 5m
The coflee table and the sofa weigh 238 kg 930 g
altogether.
5mx3=15m
4 units = 375 m - 15 cm 2. 46 kg 500 g
=360m
lunit=360m+4 This year 43 kg 820 g )
=90m 43 kg 820 9
90m+5m=95m Last year
The length of Pole Y is 95 m
46 kg s00 q -43 kg 820 q = 2 k96809
Gwen gained 2 kg 680 g thls year.
2. Stick A I unll

srick B I unit 12cm 598 m Practice Questions 4.3

stick c 1 unh
@@@ I unit 12cm
l. son I unlt
7

136 kg
12cmx4=48cm I unit unit I unit
Chris 1
5 units = 598 cm - 48 cm
= 550 cm
'I unit 550 cm + 5 4 unirs = 136 kg
=
= lto cm lunat=136k9+4
'l'10 cm + 12 cm
= 122 cm =34k9
The lengrh of stick B is 122 cm. 2units=34kgx2
=689
chris is 6t kg heavier than his son

126
2, Dupoy lunt
7 [Link] questions 4.5(a)
Dog I unit I unit I unit I unit
I. Apple 85s
lk9370g-13709 Orange 859 s09
I unit = t370 g
5units=13709x5 Grapes 859 509 769
= 6850 s
=6hrtsoS 859+509=1359
The total mass of the dog and puppy is 6l(g 150 g. l35g+769=2llg
859+1359+211 g =/tillg
Practice Questions 4.4 The total mass of the three fruits is 4ill I
L 83s 2. I unit

83s 449 I unit 6k9

I unit 6kg 2kg
839+449=1279
l27g+839=2109 ln..
2109x2=4209
The total mass of 2 apples and 2 oranges is a20 g 'r unit =40 kg -6kq -2 k9

2.? =32k9
32k9+6kg=38k9
I unit lk9200g 32kg+38k9+40k9=lr0kg
I packet of coffee bean Their total mass is ll0 kg.
I packet of coffee powder l unit
Practice Questions 4.6(bl
lunit=2k9-tkg200g l. 13 kg
=8009
(10 packets ol coflee beans) l0 x 2 kg = 20 kg
(10 packets ol co,fee powder) l0 x 800 g = I kg Bag D I unit
(lday)20k9+8kg=28k9 8ag E I unit I unit I unit
kg x 3 = &l kg
(3 days) 28
The shop will sell al kg of coffee powder and colfee Baq F
20 kg
beans in 3 days.
I unit = 13 kg
Practlce Questlons 4.5 3units=13kgx3
=39ks
l. skg 39kg-20kq=19kg
The mass ol Bag F is '19 kg.
1720 9
2. 28 kq

sold 8 equal Packets Lily I unit

5k9=50009 Mel lunit l unit
50009-17209=32809 )
32809*8=4I09 Nurul ll kg
He packed 410 g of tea leaves in each bag.
i unit = 28 kg
2. 2kq200q 2unirs=28kgx2
=56k9
1k92769 56 k9
11 kg=45k9
Nurul weighs tls kg.
dictionary 6 identical exercise books

zkg200 g -1k9276 I =924 g

9249+6=r549
The mass of I exercise book is 154 g.
Practice Questions 4.6(c) 9176 m1 4595 m., = 4581 m,
9176 mt + 4581 mt = 13757 mt
l. I unit = 13r 757 m'
The total amount of warer in both pails is t3r 757 ml
Glen I unit 15 k9 16r kg
Harry I unit 15 k9 1 unit 15 kg
2010 ml
?
2010 mZ 7281ml
15kgx3=45k9 )
4 units = 16t kg - 45 kg
2010 ml + 7281 mt = 9291 mt
= tt6 kg
2010 m, + 9291 m, = 11301 m,
lunit=116kg+4
=29 kg
=ll.30rm,
The total amount ol water in the jug and the basin is
29 kg +'15 kg +29 kg + 15 kg = !! lqg
ll I 301 ma
Harry is tt lq!
[Link] Questions 5.3(a)
@
Box A @E 107 kg l. 800 r

Box C
l@@@@E@- 602x8
3k9x4=12kg <...............+-.-l>
5 units = 107 kg , 12 kg
I cars lelt

'l
=9sk9 60rx8=480,
unit=95k9+5
=t9kg 800r-4801=320,
3unirs=19k9x3 320rof petrol was left in the tank.
=57k9 Z 1500 ml
57 kg +3 kg +3 kg +3 kq =66k9 *.-............
The mass of Box C is 66 kg
ml xj ?

Chapter 5: Volume 7 teacups eft

90mrx7=630m2
Practice Questions 5.1 1500 m/ - 630 mZ = t70 m,
870 mrol tea was eft in rhe flask.
t.
Practace Questions 5.3(b)
2t130mt 4t570mt 34300m,
'1. 300 ml
curtains carpets leit
2t 130 mt + 4 t 5?0 m, + 3 r 300
lot
m, = to, cup
@
2-?
The capaciry ol the bonte is
Jug
@@ @@@ @@
?
300 m/ 950 m, 950 m,
300mrx7=2100mz
drink 2 jugs =2 t1OO mt
The capaciry of rhe jug is 2r 100 ml
300 m, + 950 m, + 950 nt = 22OO nt
=2t200mt I unit I unit I unit I unit I unit
-
Belle bought 2r 200 m, of soda
I unit
7

Practice Questions 5.2

230 mt
l.
..._.........-...917 6 mt 230mlx5= 50m,
Pail A

Pail I
I 4595 m/ ,)
1150 mz a 230 m, = 1380 m,
= r, 3t0 m,
The total capacity of Beaker A and Beaker B
) islr -
3t0 mt

Book
 2. lunit I unit I unit
Practice Questions 5.3(c) 1500 m,
I unit
l. 85 ml
?

lea l unit 4 units = 1500 ml

l unit l unit l unit I unit = 1500 ml r 4
= 3r5 m'
Harry drank 375 mrof milk
(a) 85m/x3=255m/
Ela lsed 255 m, of milk.
Practice Questions 5.4(c)
O) 85mlx8=680m,
Ella will need 680 m! of tea. L

2. 3 t 205 nl

I * JJJ
Melon luace I unlt
,
Soda l unit l unit

3 r 205 m, = 3205 ma
2 r160 ml =2160 ml
(a, 3205 m, x 2 = 6410 m, 2160mr+6=360m,
=6'410m' 360m2+3=l20rll,
Fred used 6, itlo m, of soda The capacity of a ladle is 120 ml
O) 3205 m, x 3 = 9615 m, 2.
= 9t 615 ml
The capacity of the soda dispenser is 9r 615 ml

Practice Questions 5.4(a)

U *???
t. 1440 mz 4760 mt
I

pineapple jurce soda

ml + 4760 ml = 6200 ml
l.l 276.r'I+3 =92.^t
1440 The capaciry of a mug is 92 mr.
4+l=5
6200 nl * 5 = 1240 ml G) 276 ml x 4 = ltoa m,
=It210ml The capacrty of the Pail is lloa ml
Each ol them had 1r 240 m, of pineapple soda.
Practice Questions 5.5(a)
400 mt 400 ml 400 m, 400 m, 400 mr 400 m, 400 m,
t. 1250 ml
Split equally lnto 5 glasses
Tank B 1250 ml 550 m,
7 x 400 m, = 2800 m, Tank C 1250 mz 550 ml 300 m1
2800mr*5=560m,
Each glass had 560 mt oi juice.
B = '1250 m, + 550 m,
= 1800 ml
[Link] Qu6tions 5.4(b) C = 1800 m, + 300 m/
= 2100 mt
l. -lug I unit l unit 1 unit I unit '1925 Total = 1250 m, + 1800 m, + 2100 m,
m' = 5150 ml
cup l unit ) = 5, ISO m,
Ihe total capacity is 51 150 ml
2

5 units = 1925 m'

I unit = 1925 m, * 5
= 3At m,
The capacity of the cup is 385 ml

,.i..'.;-..:..:
 ,
2. 350 mf 2. I unit
.<-...............
I unit I unit
B+C 230 mz

A+C 230 mt lunt I unit 150 ml

1unit = 500 mz
C=105m, 500 ml + I50 m/ = 650 m'
A=230mr-105m, Jug C can hold 650 m, more water than Jug A.
= 125 m,
Total = 125 m, + 350 m,
Practice Questlons 5.6(al
= a15 m,
The totalamount ot soda in the three bottles is ars mz
l. 630 m,
<-_.-....--..._
Practice Questions 5.5(b)
Bottle A 480 orl 1 unit I unit
l. lunitllunit I urit ll tnit lurrtllut Boftle B 480 mf I unit I pour
Pail Y Irritlllnit 7t 20 mz
2 units = 630 m, - 480 m,
Pail Z ll lnil = 150 m,
lunit=l50mz+2
9 units = 7020 m1 =15m,
1 unit = 7020 m, + 9 75 ml ol milk must be transferred trom Bottle A to
= 780 m, Boftle B.
5 units = 780 m, x 5
2. 1830 ml
= 3900 m,
= 31 900 m,
Pail X can hold 3, 90O m, more water than pail Z. Jug A 1470 ml lunt I unit

2. lug B 1470 ml I unit I pour

Mug I unit I unit
780 m1
cup I unil ?
2 unirs = 1830 mu - 1470 m,

Bottle ]ilEil@ = 360 mz

lunit=360mr+2
= tto m,
3 units = 780 mz Ito n, of watermelon juice must be transferred trom
6 units = 780 m, x 2 Jug A to Jug B.

= 1560 m,
The three containers can hold t56O m, of water Practlce Questlons s.6(b)
Practice Questions S.S(c) l. [Link]
l. 2t10ml Bottle x

Bottle Y
Tank X I unit
Tank Y I unit I unit lunit ff1g; 0(
j4sE y)
Tank Z
3l 420 ml Bottle x l unit 529 dtl
pour

2 I 10 ml = 20'10 mt Bottle Y I unit 529 mt

3 units = 2010 mt x 3 ._.....--....--'a{L-i
= 6030 ml 7
Z = 6030 ml - 3420 mt
= 2610 ml 529 ml + 529 mZ = 105! m,
2610 m, - 2010 mz = 600 m, Bonle Y had IOSE m, more milk than Bottle X.
Tank Z can hold 600 mrmore water than Tank X.

s, Fairleld Book PubLshers

3 Brr Model
z 8Gror.

Glass A

Glass B ?

(a s29 ru>
Atter B)

Glass A I unit 118 ml

-------l
Glass B l unit ll8 m/ ll8 mz I

<...........---.
,
ll8 m, + 118 m, = 236 m,
Glass B had 235 m, more iuice than Glass A.

Practice Questions 5.6(c)

l. Before

I unit 1 unit I unit I unit I unit

1428 ml
I unit

After

I unit I unit l unit ;;FE 1428 mt

I unit l unil our

6 units = 1428 ml
I unir = 1428 mz + 6
=238 ml
4 units = 238 m/ x 4
= 952 ml
952 m, of tea was lett in the llask.

2. Belorc
Pot X lunl I unit 1 unit I unit ,*'lr *,1, ,nn
4 t200 nt
Pot Y I tnir

lft r
PoI X I rrr I rrlit 1 Lnit 1 L-rit lunt ulrt
t, 4 2 200 mr
Pot Y I Lnit I unil pour

4 | 2OO mt = 4200 ml
8 units = 4200 m,
1 unit = 4200 ml * 8
= 525 m,
2 units = 525 m' x 2
= t050 m,
1050 m, of soup was lelt in Pot Y

Answerc
 Mastering Maths , I g
Bar Model Methods
Strategies & Techniques

Each topic has been designed to

include essential concepts that are covered within
each topic. Within each topic, there are several worked
examples followed by 2 parallel questions to ensure reinforcement
and enable students to grasp these concepts on their own.
Ouestions are also scaffolded so that students are able to experience solving
problem sums of varying difficulty level from basic to challenging questions.
This series of books is curated to assist students in grasping the following concepts
by using model drawing:
. before and after concepts
o items repeated
. same beginning and end
o internal transfers
o working backwards

PRIMARY THREE

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