𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗮 𝗚𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗵𝗶 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁

𝗠𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁

𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦𝗛𝗘𝗘𝗧

1. Which of the following best explains Gandhi’s idea of Satyagraha?

A. Use of armed resistance against colonial rule

B. Forceful resistance through mass violence

C. Truth and non-violence as means of resisting injustice

D. Constitutional negotiations with the British

2. Gandhi’s first major Satyagraha in India was launched at:

A. Ahmedabad

B. Champaran

C. Kheda

D. Bardoli

3. The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was primarily related to:

A. Peasant protests against indigo cultivation

B. Mill workers’ wages

C. Forest rights

D. Land revenue in Gujarat

4. The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 was associated with:

A. Peasant farmers

B. Plantation workers

C. Textile mill workers

D. Railway workers

5. Which of the following was a major cause for launching the Non-
Cooperation Movement?

A. Acceptance of the Simon Commission

B. Khilafat issue and the Punjab atrocities

C. Failure of the Cabinet Mission

D. Partition of Bengal

6. Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922

because:

A. The British accepted the demand for Swaraj

B. Congress lost public support

C. The movement became violent at Chauri Chaura

D. The Khilafat Movement had ended

7. The Chauri Chaura incident took place in:

A. 1919

B. 1920

C. 1922

D. 1930

8. Which of the following was a significant feature of Gandhi’s political

strategy?

A. Dependence only on constitutional reforms

B. Mobilisation of different sections of Indian society

C. Rejection of mass participation

D. Support for colonial institutions

9. The Salt March of 1930 began from:

A. Wardha

B. Sabarmati Ashram

C. Champaran

D. Allahabad

10. Gandhi chose salt as a symbol of protest because:

A. Salt was consumed only by peasants

B. Salt production was controlled and taxed by the colonial government

C. Salt was mainly exported to Britain

D. Salt was used only in religious ceremonies

11. The Dandi March was undertaken as part of the:

A. Non-Cooperation Movement

B. Civil Disobedience Movement

C. Quit India Movement

D. Khilafat Movement

12. Which of the following was one of Gandhi’s demands before launching
the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. Abolition of the salt tax

B. Restoration of the Mughal Empire

C. Introduction of separate electorates for all communities

D. Complete abolition of Indian industries

13. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in:

A. 1928

B. 1930

C. 1931

D. 1932

14. Gandhi participated in which Round Table Conference in London?

A. First

B. Second

C. Third

D. All three

15. Who led the movement among the peasants of Awadh and was
associated with the issue of talukdars and high rents?

A. Baba Ramchandra

B. Alluri Sitarama Raju

C. Vallabhbhai Patel

D. Abdul Ghaffar Khan

16. Which of the following statements correctly describes the participation of

business groups in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A. They completely opposed the national movement.

B. Many business groups supported the movement because they wanted

protection from colonial economic policies.

C. They demanded continuation of British monopoly.

D. They had no economic interests in the movement.

17. The participation of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement was

significant because:

A. Women were given voting rights immediately

B. Many women participated in protests, picketing and salt-making activities

C. Women were appointed to the British administration

D. Women were excluded from nationalist activities

18. Which of the following best explains why the participation of Dalits in the
national movement was complex?

A. All Dalits completely rejected nationalism.

B. Their social and political demands did not always coincide with the
Congress programme.

C. They had no political organisation.

D. Gandhi opposed all reforms for Dalits.

19. Who strongly advocated the political rights of the Depressed Classes and
differed with Gandhi on the question of separate electorates?

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. B. R. Ambedkar

C. Subhas Chandra Bose

D. Rajendra Prasad
20. Which of the following best explains the significance of Gandhi’s image in
the nationalist movement?

A. It represented only the interests of the urban elite.

B. It helped ordinary people associate nationalism with familiar symbols and

ideas.

C. It discouraged mass participation.

D. It was created entirely by the British government.

Assertion–Reason Questions

Directions: Choose the correct option:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true, but R is false.

D. A is false, but R is true.

21. Assertion (A): Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922.

Reason (R): The Chauri Chaura incident demonstrated that the movement
had taken a violent turn.

22. Assertion (A): Gandhi selected salt as an important symbol of the Civil
Disobedience Movement.

Reason (R): The colonial government imposed a tax on salt, affecting people
across different social groups.

23. Assertion (A): The Civil Disobedience Movement witnessed participation

from different sections of Indian society.

Reason (R): Different social groups interpreted the idea of Swaraj according
to their own interests and experiences.

24. Assertion (A): Gandhi’s relationship with Dr B. R. Ambedkar involved

significant disagreement over the political representation of the Depressed
Classes.

Reason (R): Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Depressed

Classes.
25. Assertion (A): The participation of women in the Civil Disobedience
Movement increased considerably.

Reason (R): Gandhi’s nationalist programme provided women with

opportunities to participate in protests and boycott campaigns.

𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗬𝗢𝗘 𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦

1. Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Non-Cooperation

Movement in 1920?

Answer:

 Gandhi wanted to oppose British rule through non-violent non-

cooperation.
 The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre created widespread
anger.
 Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement to unite Hindus and Muslims.
 He believed that if Indians withdrew their cooperation, British rule
would become difficult to sustain.
2. Why did Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in
1922?

Answer:

 The movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident.

 A violent clash took place between protesters and the police.
 Gandhi believed that the movement had deviated from his principle of
non-violence (ahimsa).
 He felt that people needed further training in non-violent struggle
before continuing the movement.
3. Why was the Salt March an important event in the Civil
Disobedience Movement?

Answer:

 Gandhi began the Dandi March on 12 March 1930 from Sabarmati

Ashram.
 He reached Dandi and broke the salt law on 6 April 1930.
 Salt was a powerful symbol because it was used by rich and poor alike.
 The march challenged British authority and encouraged people across
India to join the Civil Disobedience Movement.
4. What was the significance of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931?

Answer:
  It was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin in March 1931.
 The British agreed to release many political prisoners who had not
been convicted of violence.
 Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement.
 Gandhi participated in the Second Round Table Conference in London
as the representative of the Congress.
5. How did different social groups participate in the Civil
Disobedience Movement?

Answer:

 Rich peasants participated because they were affected by high land

revenue.
 Business groups supported the movement because they opposed
colonial economic policies.
 Women participated in protests, picketing and the boycott of foreign
cloth.
 Poor peasants and some workers also participated, although their
demands were sometimes different from those of the Congress.
𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗬𝗣𝗘 𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦

𝗤𝟭. “The Civil Disobedience Movement was an important milestone

in the history of the Indian national movement.” Explain.

Answer

1. The Civil Disobedience Movement began in 1930 under Mahatma

Gandhi’s leadership.
2. Gandhi chose salt as the symbol of protest because it was an essential
commodity used by everyone.
3. He started the Dandi March on 12 March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram
and broke the salt law at Dandi on 6 April 1930.
4. People refused to obey colonial laws and boycotted foreign cloth and
liquor.
5. Peasants, business groups, women and other sections participated in
different ways.
6. Women played an important role by participating in demonstrations
and picketing shops selling foreign cloth and liquor.
7. The movement challenged the legitimacy of British rule and
demonstrated the strength of mass mobilisation.
8. It ultimately led to negotiations between Gandhi and Lord Irwin and the
Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931.
Q2: . Examine the various ways in which different social groups
participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer

Rich peasants: They participated because they were affected by high

revenue demands and wanted reduction in land revenue.

Poor peasants: They hoped for remission of rent and relief from landlords,
although Congress did not always support these demands.

Business groups: Indian merchants and industrialists supported the

movement because they opposed colonial economic policies and foreign
imports.

Women: Women participated in processions, picketing and the boycott of

foreign cloth and liquor.

Workers: Some workers participated in strikes and demonstrations, though

their participation remained limited.

Tribal communities: In some regions, tribal groups interpreted the

movement according to their own local grievances.

Different groups joined the movement with different expectations

and objectives.

Despite these differences, their participation helped transform nationalism

into a broader mass movement.

𝗤𝟯 . “Gandhi’s ideas and methods transformed the nature of the

Indian national movement.” Discuss.

Answer

1. Gandhi introduced satyagraha, based on truth and non-violence, as a

method of political struggle.
2. He believed that people could resist injustice through non-cooperation
without using violence.
3. His early movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad connected
local grievances with the national struggle.
4. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) brought large numbers of
ordinary people into the nationalist movement.
5. Gandhi used simple symbols such as khadi and the charkha to promote
self-reliance and oppose foreign goods.
 6. The Salt March made the Civil Disobedience Movement accessible to
ordinary people.
7. He emphasised Hindu-Muslim unity and worked against social
inequalities.

Thus, Gandhi transformed nationalism from largely political activity into a

mass movement involving peasants, workers, women, business groups and
other sections of society.