Limia foruulas
sin
u) m Jon = 1
iv) m Jog ((4x) 1
vi) im
Log
vi) im
vü)
ix) 1
im
Coniru
Condinuity ofa fucin
Afunekio u Aa'A to be Loninuous at x a, i
ine (Cu) (a),ia LHL RHL (a
ugithaut ay
In otthr wos t meas
boak
fa)
Cont'nuy at
oT limf ) f
a
Duconivs Ducontne
LHL# RHL a n= a
i) im () does not amist
da~inod
but 6) u not dairud
LHL HL at =
but fCc) # LHL RHL
2
avist,thobut s not
If LHL RHL,J.e !Ainit
to hav tamoell
qual tof),hon tuu soi d
iuconainuiy
Laalat boid
dxconinty Anconiny
(a) k imit both ou, im foy
tut thog ore not
a) Non Ramorad dusco ndinuut
Diconbinw
first kind (Jinp
biuondi)
LHL RHL it but
they are hot squal Bol LHL &RHL &n
ahode of condinuous luncton at C,
coninuous func.
t 9 be tuo
cot, at xc
( ) ès
conlrsax=c,
a tve,"ratlonal o
the
alwcuys eontinuse
Yolynomial functons u cortinss t R
coniuGus
tateno mabue
matc funcions coe contru
. Aa inuere tigero
in thei Teapoeve domains
Diloondabiitg
true.
but ce veAa is not
hand deivaJaa botth uots sapaataly
ug eqaly
at apolnt and ato
m foth)-4n)
the
Éxambla: for oha vaus o a &b is
func on Bitoaniabla
atb, >c at nc
SoBn: pc) e cota u c
Since ()
im {m)
2
)
difeanable
’ LH=RHD
im 4Ce4h)- o um
h
h’o
alcth) +b-(ac+b)
lim hot h
h(2eth) im
hot
2c
2c b
d
d Cay vi)
R ,
Soe (tan
)(an) iv)d,
1
Ain (n)-
d
),0 »(Jog nn (xrny- di)
fornlas
RHD
-4)k fat) h hoim LHD whee
saual
Jo (LHD)
CRHD) las'vaive hand sw Daaraon
when bhlaboi ondy w
ve hand
do Jo
h
dy{w) han
Dilaraniaion
-f(a) foth) im
Notos dy + do t..
wt.**)= du 4
i) d (utvt Addikon/subtrehor, lo
Prodet
de
du d
Quotien Rile
d
hain sula
rule
both fncdios o
u whte, uvae
both
to
toke Joge
hon diloavtiata
implicitdioxonhokin
d
Hrn ind
Doxi vabive
Patamahi
form
ix) ) o
he
fout dor doiabie
Rate Maase
Cube 2
Voluune = a
SA 6a
o 4 uralls 4a
r.
Dia'ema aN3
eubold
SA 20btbhth)
Diagonal 4btth
Cylindax.
Veum Rh.
CSA z
TSA ar (h+)
Core
eSA =
Sprana
3
Hamiaphau
CsA = 2
TSA =
Tangati k Nomals Noma
ba afuneion aprosanding
"Dalseaniatng ha
point eontat (Poe) blo he
d
To
hosmal
. Na knous tngon
ushse
hee
Argla blw tongon normal is
Rorsisa [Link] foom dass X\ Jo qatabeta ndoutanding
Dneoaing hacxoosig
Thexoaai'ng kunchion
[D Domain o }(]
Abdey incxoaning
Deoceaainga tuncon
It à abucty decoaaing
heom 2
heoxom 1
()o,¬(a.b). dacacaing in [ab]
inexasaing in a,b] >fi
t G(a,b)
ü) )<o, t b]
ina. in La.4i sctictly dec in Ca,
’fiu setrictly
braml
2
O Arst dlleanhiaa the
giv
fnctton w.t nc. dee
it sthttyine f)>o
Than ue wcuy
Maxima and Ninima.
Hara in Ma qiuen qa
Y4(4), ata,, as,ag Jhe
at a aiaina
local in. valls
’inima Maxima in open inaal Local min'ma/ mnoisn a
Hoima/tinimain closad inaal’ lobal meima/minima
ot ab sote
Oleus at uHcal bti orJnrg
qvaph hanqes ih alaa fom aithar tUe to -ve
rom -ve to
Domai Ohan intaural
Maxima mr
he mam |l nd he mam or o find he max oY naad to
min'on (a,b) ona, b]. Hata ue ori n
inima Hnd nan
at a &baho.
domain o eselob
maxima or minima 9ccu at Heal bà, hance
Sinee he
to find uttcal poita{'x) o. dat
ndhe mamima or minùma we haue Jo do ithr
Noo to
minima)
First Doiatie Tat (To ind the Local maxima b
Lot
Sa 1 ilrniati ha Sunctiom k And all. þoints oa
makait eo.2 maximo k minima
lhàs w helo to ind the euiical pa
maon tho tonqan he
nein iu I to -ais
o. Line
1
(n the t
no. ina. We can wha
mathodl
i tve to -Ve ’ macime
hoint
to tVo inimie
minima
Maxima value
So shon the tve to
(\,5)
.Ninima valle
-Ve
-V
(,{c0)
(,)
Tamains
at the erikital pt. han that .
, o maxime
OT munma has
Dd
he tneinia notsrialle.
Sacond doxiya Tost
Rata o ehonge
1
he ctikeal painli Same quotm
and fnd the values o "c).c)..
ohere e,,C,a the eitead þorda
SBap, Chaek shetax Cc),fca)-- )
pt. o monima
*. minima la tha bt. o mitu na
..
vahe tat
CA 2nd dexi
bmade than w fis t daivatue
to ind the an (No. ina)
taat
Raas oni
Simee chanqa
Arom ta to - maim
-VO to
)>o> the slope chaq om
Nox þoblams Haima nima
Conailo the
S e t Stat wth the formula for uwhateuen naeds bo be
maizod or minimuod
not hon onwetwaingha
infmalia Is
Sow tho Sunm
Trthgralion
formuls
2a
- 20
nt|
2 2
m 2
m
An indainit Sntagal
i) Dixact mahod has
i) SubAÀion maho
i) Padi al fracion omJoAe i .
Diac Hahod
Can ba sed dinactuy
wing
be orqp Jo a dtondand fom (4 to 26) to
So e i
Nota fom inx,csx,nond ’
x’ eon
than to
Fo smatta
Juro oigonr hnioo uhih ae
pmla 2in A AB Sin ChtB) + sinA-B)
Thae
n Jnagal by tha aubaituton mathd,I
Salg dipanda the donomint
Xay point Ganra
’
hock lor ih doù vave whic dn somo uau
nnatt.
naodo mah h
SubsAtlon Uaa
2t
342wt
Su-2d
2-V awtbte
S Jo
he Hoxa d
muahe minaoL doro
hen
uaaselciant,
haue m x he Horepes". spaial
ty Some
tan du
3in
348
34
2
Aubatutons- imbatan Some
5sin mulpg
&ac both nn
num dan
4te44+l0 ton Subt
matlere
d tan 2
du ibsthtor matd.
d Nake ta -
paxtal'
diutda it by ong disicion matkod do
Frocsad,
t d -}otn
4 2x+) d 2+
(zt2Us
(ut1) patial fra chion
Nbn upaakzd Aineah fachors
A
(a-a) )
linoar uctos
A
(n-ay
Non rapza Jad quadxake factors
A
Kalpaatbd qusdoabie factors (rot mortant
(tomt (xte) (tatJ
By part is wsed shan thu magand is in e
form o froduet of tro funetowd
We wso the woTd I LATE u the
ushoxa
I ’ Ine Joig qunetiona
L’ Loqoxithunie functins
A’ Algobrote kunctim like polpomiala]
Dalinati Sndaaral
ace, <c,< -.- <Gn<o.
whe
f (a-) d
d t
vi)
vi)
akal auaion
Th odo
doiralieþaan in he ag uotion .
Tha dagaa. a di<! axanial aq h highes our o he
’
Odor 2
Dqxe = 2
" Dieanbi al equaton can havee inirite no.
To as o n , we uite t as qanetalseluto
To qot aa sdution h emact yale
we itia it as pakuder salu'on
Thaxa e 4tybes of diloMandial eq (n claa X)
vaiablas
inaan diloariasq
i) Fors saaton o yasuablas t
Jo
qut ha anaal soton.
i) forr ubathton ybe,
iorH.
dixuc-uy suitalale subaiuon can ha mada to ut
pxp caed. Som ay
AxxIFd yxIF
Solubion qnal e Then
a eThan selton oPafactorCIF)-
ingrana nasd wee' Hoe
dillaxantal
souton. qanral quatonJo
qt he in
d gto
to it
y
tal &y=v conaidar Than
e
oe Some
ableso vai he hane mut funton,
it a
anominae uuroB he nboh
form homoqanesus
ial hefor
ho I