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Elective Task 2

Prostate cancer is the 4th most common male cancer globally, with peak incidence between ages 60 and 85, and is particularly prevalent among African-American men. Screening is recommended for men aged 50-70, with diagnosis confirmed through biopsy and Gleason scoring. Treatment options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, and emerging therapies like immunotherapy and radioligand therapy.

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3 views11 pages

Elective Task 2

Prostate cancer is the 4th most common male cancer globally, with peak incidence between ages 60 and 85, and is particularly prevalent among African-American men. Screening is recommended for men aged 50-70, with diagnosis confirmed through biopsy and Gleason scoring. Treatment options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, and emerging therapies like immunotherapy and radioligand therapy.

Uploaded by

huss17ain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

all about

Prostate
cancer
Epidemiology and global
burden

Peak incidence between the ages 60 and


85 years.

Prostate cancer is the 4th most common


male malignant neoplasm worldwide.•
It is the most common solid neoplasm in
male in Europe. •
The second most common cause of
cancer-related mortality after lung cancer.
Lifestyle
diet,excercise and
Risk factors
enviromental

Age Race
rare before 50 years; more common in African-
65% over the age of 65 american men & less
commonin Asian-
Japanese.

Family History Genetic Factors


Men with a father or Mutations in certain genes
brotherdiagnosed with (e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2) can
prostate cancer are at increase the risk.
higherrisk.
Screening
Who should be screened? PSA Test: A blood test that measures the
Screening isrecommended for men levelof prostate-specific antigen. Elevated
aged 50-70 years, orearlier if levelsmay indicate prostate cancer but can
there is a family history or other also becaused by benign conditions.•
risk

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A


physicalexamination to check for
abnormalities in theprostate.•
Screening
Who should be screened?
Screening isrecommended for men mpMRIor : Improves significant
aged 50-70 years, orearlier if
cancer detection
there is a family history or other
risk Novel markers: PCA3, PHI,
4Kscore.
Clinical suspicion Diagnosis
PSA and/or
abnormal DRE

Biopsy: The definitive method for


diagnosingprostate cancer, where tissue is
removedfrom the prostate and examined under
amicroscope.•
Imaging Techniques: MRI and PET scans
canprovide detailed images to assess the
extentof the cancer.•
Gleason Score: A grading system to
evaluatethe aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
It isbased on how much the cancer cells
resemble
Diagnosis

Gleason Score: A grading system to


evaluatethe aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
It isbased on how much the cancer cells
resemble
Low Risk: Gleason ≤6, PSA <10, T1–T2a.
Intermediate: Gleason 7, PSA 10–20, T2b–T2c.
High Risk: Gleason 8–10, PSA >20, T3–T4.
Very High: Multiple high-risk features or T4
disease.
Treatment
Active Surveillance:
Monitoring the cancerwith regular tests, recommended
for low-riskcases.

Surgery (Radical Prostatectomy):


Removal ofthe prostate gland, often for localized
cancer
Radiation Therapy:
Uses high-energy rays tokill cancer cells. Includes external
beamradiation and brachytherapy (radioactiveseeds placed
inside the prostate)

Hormonal Therapy:
Reduces testosterone
Emerging
Immunotherapy:
Sipuleucel-T for [Link]
therapies
inhibitors: Olaparib in BRCA-
mutated cases.

Radioligand Therapy:
[Link]: Improves
diagnostic accuracy (~17% better).
Case study

66 y/o male, high PSA, abnormal DRE.


mpMRI shows suspicious lesion.
Biopsy: Gleason 7 adenocarcinoma. Treated with robotic surgery;
PSA undetectable post-op.
Surgery?
Thank you for
your attention

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