ASSIGNMENT-01
NAME : AMAN SAGAR
ROLL NO: 103120008
SECTION: B
SUBJECT CODE: CEPC21
SUBMISSION DATE: 15/09/23
I have chosen Roorkee City in uttrakhand for the Measure Option Generator in [Link]
I have been seen problem related to transportation which I mentioned below:
[Link]
2. accidents
3. Environmental damage
The list below shows all the policy measures within KonSULT in rank order based on their ability to
contribute to the context which you have specified.
The absolute scores are arbitrary, but by comparing them you can judge the relative contribution
of different measures.
Accident Remedial Measures
This measure was fully updated by INSTITUTE FOR TRANSPORT STUDIES (ITS) in 2014 under
the CH4LLENGE project, financed by the European Commission.
A wide range of accident remedial measures exist, both direct and indirect. The latter includes
more general purpose policy instruments such as vehicle taxation, land use planning, road design
and road furniture. These however, are covered by other KonSULT instruments and lead us to
concentrate on direct measures which can be classified under the three following categories,
• Speed limitation;
• Speed enforcement; and,
• Road marking.
Speed limitation can be introduced by legal and/or physical measures. Most countries have general
and signposted speed limits stating the highest permitted driving speed on a road. It can also be
achieved through traffic calming.
Enforcement of speed limits uses a combination of stationary and mobile methods. The former
tend to take the form of ‘speed cameras’ and allow violations of traffic regulations to be detected
and registered without law enforcement officers being physically present at the time and place
where the traffic violation takes place. The latter rely on police patrols to identify offenders.
Road markings are intended to give drivers reference points with regard to the proximity of their
vehicle to other vehicles and the road. Delineator posts and distance markings on motorways, and
raised pavement markers can all be used to direct traffic by indicating the path of the carriageway
and warn road users about specific hazardous conditions related to the road alignment etc.
The implementation of accident remedial measures can vary from country to country and by
situation. Decisions tend to hinge on:
1. What measures to implement - sometimes only single measures may be implemented,
whilst at other times a combination of measures will be used;
2. Where to implement them – in a very specific ‘accident black spot’ or across a widespread
area (zone approach).
Studies have shown that the introduction of speed limitation and enforcement measures have the
greatest potential for improving road safety. They are also the most cost-effective measures. The
impact of these measures upon traffic demand and supply has not been specifically analysed.
There is a feeling however that the response can be mixed and very much dependent upon
existing traffic conditions. Other measures which can provide smaller but important benefits are
ITS-systems, driver training and public education and information campaigns.
Road Maintenance
This measure was provided by INSTITUTE FOR TRANSPORT STUDIES (ITS) in 2014 under the
CH4LLENGE project, financed by the European Commission.
Road maintenance covers a range of practices and aims. Roads experience wear and tear through
combinations of vehicular use and accidents, weather and other natural events. Further measures,
such as gritting, can be used to mitigate the effects of weather or temperature conditions on the
ability of vehicles to use a road. Beyond this, road maintenance can be used to realise benefits
from developments in materials and in understanding of the impact of road building materials on
pollution.
Cycle Networks
This measure was fully updated by RUPPRECHT CONSULT in 2014 under the CH4LLENGE
project, financed by the European Commission.
Cycling is promoted as an environmentally friendly, healthy, cheap and flexible transport mode.
Where there is an aim to develop cycling as a daily transport mode, then city infrastructure needs
to be adapted to ensure that riding a bicycle is safe, efficient, attractive, comfortable and
convenient. Evidence shows that some cities have been able to dramatically increase the modal
share of cycling through the implementation of a comprehensive package of measures as a Cycle
Network. An underlying benefit of implementing a comprehensive network is that the impact of
any single measure (e.g. provision of a Cycle Lane) is enhanced by synergies with complementary
measures – i.e. the whole Network is greater than the sum of its parts.
A Cycle Network provides the framework for a series of cycle infrastructure interventions and
improvements covering a given area or city and can incorporate: a network of Cycle Routes
incorporating Segregated Cycle Facilities; provision of Cycle Parking and Storage; and integration
of cycling with public transport. Ideally these “hard” infrastructure measures should also be
supported by “soft” marketing, promotional and travel planning activities.
Case studies from Odense (Denmark) and Munich (Germany) described in this measure provide
examples of where high cycling modal shares have been achieved through the adoption of a Cycle
Network approach (approx. 25% and 14% respectively). The case study of Seville provides an
inspiring example of where a rapid increase in cycling can be achieved in a city and culture where
bicycle use was previously very rare (increase in cycling modal share increased from 0.2% to 7%).
In addition to encouraging more people to cycle, so helping to reduce congestion and pollution, the
implementation of a Cycle Network with carefully designed infrastructure can improve cyclist
safety. This in turn can further increase cyclist numbers as a result of the positive feedback loop of
“safety in numbers”, which has been experienced by cities with a relatively high cycle modal share.
Further potential benefits of cycling include greater opportunities for social interaction and reduced
cyclist/pedestrian conflict, resulting in more liveable streets.