QUANTITATIVE REASONING – ASSIGNMENT

SOLUTIONS

5.1
(a)
Mean = (35 + 40 + 48 + 45 + 58 + 62 + 67) ÷ 7
= 355 ÷ 7 = 50.71

(b)
Values: 125, 112, 140, 200, 155, 170, 185, 193

Direct method:
Mean = Sum ÷ n
= 1280 ÷ 8 = 160

Shortcut method: same result = 160

5.2
Given reciprocals

Mean of X = n ÷ (sum of reciprocals)

Sum = 0.2359

Mean = 8 ÷ 0.2359 = 33.92

5.3
Mean = Assumed mean + (Sum of deviations ÷ n)
= 12.5 + (9.8 ÷ 10)
= 12.5 + 0.98 = 13.48

5.4
(a)
Old sum = 15 × 20 = 300
New sum = 17 × 18 = 306

Added sum = 6

Ratio = 1 : 2 → values = 2, 4

(b)
Wrong sum = 25 × 20 = 500

Correct sum = 500 − (7+18) + (13+17)

= 500 − 25 + 30 = 505

Correct mean = 505 ÷ 25 = 20.2

5.5
(i)
Mean = A + (Σu ÷ n) × h
= 40 + (27 ÷ 18) × 3
= 40 + 4.5 = 44.5

(ii)
Mean = 75 + (Σu ÷ n) × 5
= 75 + (50 ÷ 25) × 5
= 75 + 10 = 85

(iii)
Mean = 20 + (40 ÷ 10)
= 20 + 4 = 24
(iv)
Mean = A + (ΣD ÷ n)
= 16 + (24 ÷ 15)
= 16 + 1.6 = 17.6

5.6
(a)

X 13 5 79
F 7 8 10 9 6

Σf = 40
ΣfX = 210

Mean = 210 ÷ 40 = 5.25

(b)

Midpoints: 14.5, 24.5, 34.5, 44.5, 54.5, 64.5, 74.5

Σf = 45
ΣfX = 1892.5

Mean = 1892.5 ÷ 45 = 42.06

5.7: Compute the Weighted Mean

Formula:
Weighted Mean = Sum of (w × X) divided by Sum of w

Item X w wX
Medicine 125 3 375
Food 450 8 3600
Clothing 275 4 1100
Rent 200 5 1000
Fuel & Light 90 2 180
Sum of w = 22
Sum of wX = 6255

Weighted Mean = 6255 ÷ 22 = 284.32

Answer: 284.32

Q.5.8
Given Data: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

(i) Show that Sum of (X − Mean) = 0

Mean = 25 ÷ 5 = 5

Sum = (1−5) + (3−5) + (5−5) + (7−5) + (9−5)

= −4 −2 + 0 + 2 + 4 = 0

Hence Proved

(ii) Show Sum of (X − Mean)² is less than Sum of (X − a)²

Take a = 4

Sum (X−5)² = 16 + 4 + 0 + 4 + 16 = 40
Sum (X−4)² = 9 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 25 = 45

40 < 45

Hence Proved

Q.5.9
(a) Combined Mean

= [32×2.5 + 30×3.2 + 48×3.7] ÷ 110

= [80 + 96 + 177.6] ÷ 110
= 353.6 ÷ 110 = 3.21

Answer: 3.21

(b) Average Marks of Girls

100 × 72 = 70 × 75 + 30 × X₂

7200 = 5250 + 30X₂

30X₂ = 1950
X₂ = 65
Answer: 65

Q.5.10
Given: Y = 10 − 4X

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y 22 18 14 10 6 2 -2 -6 -10

Mean of X = 1
Mean of Y = 10 − 4(1) = 6

Hence Verified

Q.5.11: Arithmetic Mean

Data: 12, 18, 22, 28, 30, 40

Mean = 150 ÷ 6 = 25

Adding 10 → 35
Subtracting 8 → 17
Multiplying by 4 → 100
Multiplying by 3 and adding 5 → 80

Q.5.12: Missing Frequency

9.8 = (242 + 10x) ÷ (25 + x)

9.8(25 + x) = 242 + 10x

245 + 9.8x = 242 + 10x
3 = 0.2x
x = 15

Answer: 15

Q.5.13: Geometric Mean

(i) 2, 6, 8, 12
G.M = 5.82

(ii) 3, 7, 10, 12, 17, 20

G.M ≈ 9.77

Q.5.14
Sum of logs = 10.5246

Log G.M = 10.5246 ÷ 8 = 1.3156

G.M = 20.67

A.M ≈ 30.58

Q.5.15: Find A.M and G.M

Class midpoints (X):
22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52

Frequencies (f):
1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 9, 2

Sum of f = 50

Arithmetic Mean (A.M)

Sum of fX =
22 + 108 + 256 + 407 + 630 + 423 + 104 = 1950

A.M = 1950 ÷ 50 = 39

Geometric Mean (G.M)

Using log method:

G.M ≈ 37.74

Q.5.16: Coding Method

Given: μ = (X − 120) ÷ 10

μ -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f 3 12 20 25 15 8 2

Sum f = 85

Sum fμ =
(-9) + (-24) + (-20) + 0 + 15 + 16 + 6 = -16

A.M = 120 + [(-16 ÷ 85) × 10]

= 120 − 1.88 = 118.12
G.M

G.M ≈ 117.10

Q.5.17
(a) H.M of 22, 27, 35, 42, 47, 53

H.M = n ÷ (sum of reciprocals)

H.M ≈ 34.24

(b)

Given reciprocals:

0.0500, 0.0333, 0.0232, 0.0285, 0.0454, 0.0200, 0.0143, 0.0213

H.M = 8 ÷ (sum of values)

Sum = 0.2359

H.M = 8 ÷ 0.2359 ≈ 33.92

Q.5.18: Harmonic Mean

X 61 64 67 70 73
f 5 18 42 27 8

H.M = Total frequency ÷ sum of (f ÷ X)

Total f = 100

Sum (f ÷ X) ≈ 1.493

H.M = 100 ÷ 1.493 ≈ 67.00

Q.5.19: Show A.M ≥ G.M ≥ H.M

Midpoints:
35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95

Frequencies:
6, 10, 11, 12, 2, 18, 8
A.M ≈ 66.94
G.M ≈ 63.88
H.M ≈ 60.12

Therefore:
A.M > G.M > H.M

Hence Proved

Q.5.20
(a) Average Rate of Increase

Rates: 12%, 18%, 30%

Average rate = cube root of [(1.12 × 1.18 × 1.30)] − 1

= cube root of 1.718 − 1

≈ 1.197 − 1 = 0.197

Average rate ≈ 19.7%

(b) Average Speed

Formula:
Average speed = (2 × v1 × v2) ÷ (v1 + v2)

= (2 × 100 × 108) ÷ (208)

= 21600 ÷ 208 = 103.85 km/h

Q.5.21: Median
(i) 15, 18, 30, 23, 42, 34, 45

Arrange: 15, 18, 23, 30, 34, 42, 45

Median = 30

(ii) 35, 27, 17, 24, 52, 43, 29, 40

Arrange: 17, 24, 27, 29, 35, 40, 43, 52

Median = (29 + 35) ÷ 2 = 32

Q.5.22: Mean and Median
Class 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59
f 5 25 40 20 10

Midpoints:
14.5, 24.5, 34.5, 44.5, 54.5

Sum f = 100

Sum fX =
72.5 + 612.5 + 1380 + 890 + 545 = 3500

Mean = 3500 ÷ 100 = 35

Median

Cumulative f:
5, 30, 70, 90, 100

Median class = 30–39

Formula:
Median = L + [(50 − 30) ÷ 40] × 10

= 29.5 + (20 ÷ 40) × 10

= 29.5 + 5 = 34.5

Q.5.23: Median (Grouped Data)

Class 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
f 2 3 11 20 32 25 7

Total f = 100

Cumulative f: 2, 5, 16, 36, 68, 93, 100

Median class = 70–79

Median = 69.5 + [(50 − 36) ÷ 32] × 10

= 69.5 + (14 ÷ 32) × 10
= 69.5 + 4.38 = 73.88

Q.5.24
(a) Data: 8, 5, 1, 15, 13, 10, 22, 19

Arrange: 1, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 19, 22

Q1 = 6.5
Q3 = 17
D6 = 14.2
P38 = 10.6

(b) Data: 6, 9, 2, 14, 12, 17, 19

Arrange: 2, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17, 19

Q1 = 6
Q3 = 17
D7 = 15.8
P45 = 12.3

Q.5.25
Class 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
f 2 5 9 13 7 3 1

Total f = 40

Cumulative f: 2, 7, 16, 29, 36, 39, 40

Q1 = 50.61
Q3 = 60.93
D4 = 55.69
P37 = 54.65

Q.5.26
Height 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
f 1 6 10 16 8 5 2

Total f = 48

Cumulative f: 1, 7, 17, 33, 41, 46, 48

Median = 65
Q1 = 64
Q3 = 66
D8 = 66.8
P48 = 65

Q.5.27
Houses 15 20 25 30 35 40
f 2 6 10 15 5 3

Total f = 41

Cumulative f: 2, 8, 18, 33, 38, 41

Median = 30
Q1 = 25
Q3 = 30
P56 = 30

Q.5.28: Mode
(i) 4, 6, 3, 9, 8, 3, 12
Mode = 3

(ii) 5, 2, 3, 4, 2, 8, 12, 8, 15
Mode = 2 and 8

(iii) 2, 5, 3, 10, 12, 15, 20

No mode

(iv) 8, 2, 0, 7, 6, 0, 9, 14
Mode = 0

Q.5.29
Class 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
f 3 8 14 7 2

Modal class = 70–79

Mode = 69.5 + [(14 − 8) ÷ (2×14 − 8 − 7)] × 10

= 69.5 + (6 ÷ 13) × 10
= 69.5 + 4.62 = 74.12

Q.5.30
Children 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f 4 9 15 22 30 16 7 2

Total f = 105

Cumulative f: 4, 13, 28, 50, 80, 96, 103, 105

Median = 4
Mode = 4
Q1 = 2
Q3 = 5
D6 = 4

Q.5.31
Weight 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
f 2 7 10 8 12 5 1

Total f = 45

Cumulative f: 2, 9, 19, 27, 39, 44, 45

Median = 105
Mode = 106

5.32
Given X and f

Total = 132

C.F = 6, 15, 30, 54, 87, 107, 120, 127, 132

Median:
N/2 = 66 → comes in 87 → X = 1.0
Median = 1.0

Mode:
Highest f = 33 → X = 1.0
Mode = 1.0

Q1:
N/4 = 33 → comes in 54 → X = 1.2
Q1 = 1.2
Q3:
3N/4 = 99 → comes in 107 → X = 0.8
Q3 = 0.8

5.33
Mid values = 14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 22.5, 24.5

Σf = 100
ΣfX = 1990

Mean = 1990 ÷ 100 = 19.9

C.F = 6, 22, 42, 73, 88, 100

Median:
N/2 = 50 → class 20–21

Median = 19.5 + (50 − 42)/31 × 2

= 19.5 + 0.52
= 20.02

Mode:
= 19.5 + (31 − 20)/(62 − 35) × 2
= 19.5 + 0.81
= 20.31

5.34
(a)
Mode = 3×36 − 2×40.5
= 108 − 81
= 27

(b)(i)
Median = (48.5 + 2×54.6)/3
= 157.7/3
= 52.57

(b)(ii)
Mean = (80 + 3×72)/2
= 296/2
= 148
5.35
(a)
Median = 27

(b)
Median = (40 + 70)/3
= 36.67

Mean < Mode → Negative skew

5.36
Arrange:
48.6, 54.3, 58.3, 59.5, 62.7, 66.8

Median = (58.3 + 59.5)/2

= 58.9

Q1 = 54.3
Q3 = 62.7
D3 = 58.3
D7 = 59.5
P65 = 66.