Score: 172.42/200 Points 86.

21 %
1. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

The pressure gage on a 2. 5 − m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. Determine the amount of oxygen in the tank if the temperature is 30.00°C and the
3
atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa. The gas constant of air is R = 0. 2598 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The amount of oxygen in the tank is 18.96 kg.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Easy

The pressure gage on a 2. 5 − m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. Determine the amount of oxygen in the tank if the temperature is 30.00°C and the
3
atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa. The gas constant of air is R = 0. 2598 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The amount of oxygen in the tank is 18.960 ± 2% kg.

Explanation:

The assumption made here is that at specified conditions, oxygen behaves as an ideal gas.

Given: The gas constant of air is R 3

= 0. 2598 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K .

The absolute pressure of O2 is determined as follows:

P = Pg + Patm = 500 kPa + 97 kPa = 597 kPa

Treating O2 as an ideal gas, the mass of O2 in the tank is determined as follows:

3
PV 597 kPa × 2.5 m
m = = 3
= 18.9597 kg
RT 0.2598 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K × (30 + 273 K)
2. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

One kilogram of R-134a fills a 0. 090 − m3 rigid container at an initial temperature of -40.00°C. The container is then heated until the pressure is 280 kPa.
Determine the initial pressure and final temperature. Use data from the steam tables.

The initial pressure is 51.64 kPa.

The final temperature is 50 °C.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

One kilogram of R-134a fills a 0. 090 − m3 rigid container at an initial temperature of -40.00°C. The container is then heated until the pressure is 280 kPa.
Determine the initial pressure and final temperature. Use data from the steam tables.

The initial pressure is 51.2 ± 2% kPa.

The final temperature is 50.0 ± 2% °C.

Explanation:

The initial specific volume is 0. 090 3

m /kg . Using this with the initial temperature reveals that the initial state is a mixture. The initial pressure is then the
saturation pressure

From Table A-11,

T1 = -40°C
} P1 = Psat @ -40°C
= 51.25 kPa
3
v1 = 0.090 m /kg

This is a constant-volume cooling process ( v = V/m = constant). The final state is superheated vapor, and the final temperature is determined as follows:

From Table A-13,

P2 = 280 kPa
} T2 = 50°C
3
v2 = v1 = 0.090 m /kg
3. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

A 1 − m3 tank containing air at 10°C and 350 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank containing 3 kg of air at 35°C and 150 kPa. Now the valve is
opened, and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 19.00°C. Determine the volume of the second tank
3
and the final equilibrium pressure of air. The gas constant of air is R = 0. 287 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K . (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The volume of the second tank is 1.768 m

3
.

The final equilibrium pressure of air is 221.287 kPa.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

A 1 − m3 tank containing air at 10°C and 350 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank containing 3 kg of air at 35°C and 150 kPa. Now the valve is
opened, and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 19.00°C. Determine the volume of the second tank
and the final equilibrium pressure of air. The gas constant of air is R = 0. 287 kPa⋅m3 /kg⋅K . (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The volume of the second tank is 1.768 ± 2% m

3
.

The final equilibrium pressure of air is 221.287 ± 2% kPa.

Explanation:

The assumption made here is that at specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas.

Given: The gas constant of air is R = 0. 287 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K

3
(Table A-1).

Let's call the first and the second tanks A and B. Treating air as an ideal gas, the volume of the second tank and the mass of air in the first tank are
determined as follows:

3
m 1 RT1 3 kg × 0.287 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K × 308 K
3
VB = ( ) = = 1.768 m
P1 150 kPa
B

3
P1 V 350 kPa × 1.0 m
mA = ( ) = 3
= 4.309 kg
RT1 0.287 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K × 283 K
A

Thus,

3 3 3
V = VA + VB = 1.0 m + 1.768 m = 2.768 m

m = mA + mB = 4.309 kg + 3 kg = 7.309 kg

Then the final equilibrium pressure is calculated as follows:

3
mRT2 7.309 kg × 0.287 kPa⋅m /kg⋅K × (19 + 273 K)
P2 = = 3
= 221.2874 kPa
V 2.768 m
4. Award: 8.67 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

Complete the following table for H2 O . Use the data from the steam tables exactly as listed.

T, °C P, kPa h, kJ/kg x Phase description

120.21 200 2201.6 0.7 Saturated mixture

140 361.53 1800 0.5647 Saturated mixture

177.66 950 752.74 0.0 Saturated liquid

80 500 335.373 No determined value Compressed liquid

350 800 3162.2 No determined value Superheated vapor

References

Multi-Answer Difficulty: Medium

Complete the following table for H2 O . Use the data from the steam tables exactly as listed.

T, °C P, kPa h, kJ/kg x Phase description

120.21 200 2045.8 0.7 Saturated mixture

140 361.53 1800 0.565 Saturated mixture

177.66 950 752.74 0.0 Saturated liquid

80 500 335.02 No determined value Compressed liquid

350.0 800 3162.2 No determined value Superheated vapor

Explanation:

Refer Table A-5:

T, °C P, kPa h, kJ/kg x Phase description

120.21 200 2045.8 0.7 Saturated mixture
140 361.53 1800 0.565 Saturated mixture
177.66 950 752.74 0.0 Saturated liquid
80 500 335.02 No determined value Compressed liquid
350.0 800 3162.2 No determined value Superheated vapor
5. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

10.08 kg of R-134a at 300 kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy in the container. The container is now
heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy when the heating is completed. Use data from the refrigerant tables.

The temperature in the container is 0.61 °C. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The total enthalpy in the container is 548.96 kJ.

The temperature in the container when the heating is completed is 21.55 °C.

The total enthalpy in the container when the heating is completed is 850 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Hard

10.08 kg of R-134a at 300 kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy in the container. The container is
now heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy when the heating is completed. Use data from the refrigerant tables.

The temperature in the container is 0.61 ± 0.01 °C. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The total enthalpy in the container is 550 ± 2% kJ.

The temperature in the container when the heating is completed is 21.55 ± 2% °C.

The total enthalpy in the container when the heating is completed is 852 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

This is a constant-volume process. The specific volume is calculated as follows:

3
V 0.014 m 3
v1 = v2 = = = 0.0014 m /kg
m 10.08 kg
The initial state is determined to be a mixture, and thus the temperature is the saturation temperature at the given pressure.

From Table A-12, by interpolation,

T1 = Tsat @ 300kPa
= 0.61°C

3
vf = 0. 0007735 m3/kg, vf g = vg − vf = (0. 067776 − 0. 0007735) m /kg

hf = 52. 71 kJ/kg, and hf g = 198. 17 kJ/kg

Using appropriate software, we would get 0.65°C. Then,

3 3
v1 - vf 0.0014 m /kg - 0.0007735 m /kg
x1 = = 3
= 0.0092
vf g 3
0.067776 m /kg - 0.0007735 m /kg

h1 = hf + x 1 hf g = 52.71 kJ/kg + (0.009185 × 198.17 kJ/kg) = 54.5301 kJ/kg

The total enthalpy is calculated as follows:

H1 = mh1 = 10.08 kg × 54.5301 kJ/kg = 549.6635 kJ

The final state is also saturated mixture. Repeating the calculations at this state,

T2 = Tsat @ 600kPa
= 21.55°C

3 3
vf = 0. 0008198 m /kg, vf g = vg − vf = (0. 034335 − 0. 0008198) m /kg

hf = 81. 50 kJ/kg, and hf g = 180. 95 kJ/kg

3 3
v2 - vf 0.0014 m /kg - 0.0008198 m /kg
x2 = = 3
= 0.017
vf g 3
0.034335 m /kg - 0.0008198 m /kg

h2 = hf + x 2 hf g = 81.50 kJ/kg + (0.01698 × 180.95 kJ/kg) = 84.5725 kJ/kg

H2 = mh2 = 10.08 kg × 84.5725 kJ/kg = 852.4912 kJ

6. Award: 5 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

100 kg of R-134a at 200 kPa are contained in a piston–cylinder device whose volume is 12.32 m3 . The piston is now moved until the volume is one-half its
original size. This is done such that the pressure of the R-134a does not change. Determine the final temperature and the change in the total internal energy
of R-134a. Use data from the steam tables. (Include a minus sign if necessary.)

The final temperature is -10.09 °C.

The total change in internal energy is -11045.460 kJ/kg. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Hard

100 kg of R-134a at 200 kPa are contained in a piston–cylinder device whose volume is 12.32 m3 . The piston is now moved until the volume is one-half its
original size. This is done such that the pressure of the R-134a does not change. Determine the final temperature and the change in the total internal energy
of R-134a. Use data from the steam tables. (Include a minus sign if necessary.)

The final temperature is -10.09 ± 2% °C.

The total change in internal energy is -110.568 ± 2% kJ/kg. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

Explanation:

The initial specific volume is calculated as follows:

3
V 12.322 m 3
v1 = = = 0.12322 m /kg
m 100 kg

The initial state is superheated and the internal energy at this state is determined from the steam tables, Table A-13, as follows:

P1 = 200 kPa
} u 1 = 263.09 kJ/kg
3
v1 = 0.12322 m /kg

The final specific volume is calculated as follows:

3
v1 0.12322 m /kg 3
v2 = = = 0.06161 m /kg
2 2

This is a constant-pressure process. The final state is determined to be a saturated mixture whose temperature is determined from the steam tables, Table A-
12, as follows:

T2 = Tsat @ 200kPa
= − 10. 09°C

3 3
vf = 0. 0007532 m /kg, vf g = vg − vf = (0. 099951 − 0. 0007532) m /kg

u f = 38. 26 kJ/kg, and u f g = 186. 25 kJ/kg

The internal energy at the final state is calculated as follows:

 3 3
v2 - vf 0.06161 m /kg - 0.0007532 m /kg
x2 = = 3
= 0.6135
vf g 3
0.099951 m /kg - 0.0007532 m /kg

u 2 = u f + x 2 u f g = 38.26 kJ/kg + (0.6135 × 186.25 kJ/kg) = 152.5224 kJ/kg

Hence, the change in the internal energy is calculated as follows:

Δu = u 2 - u 1 = 152.5224 kJ/kg - 263.09 kJ/kg = -110.5676 kJ/kg

7. Award: 8.75 out of 10.00 points

You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

Complete the following table for Refrigerant-134a. Use the data from the steam tables exactly as listed.

T, °C P, kPa u, kJ/kg Phase description

20 572.07 95 Saturated mixture

−12 185.37 35.76 Saturated liquid

86.24 400 300 Superheated vapor

8 600 62.37 Compressed liquid

References

Multi-Answer Difficulty: Medium

Complete the following table for Refrigerant-134a. Use the data from the steam tables exactly as listed.

T, °C P, kPa u, kJ/kg Phase description

20 572.07 95 Saturated mixture

−12 185.37 35.76 Saturated liquid

86.25 400 300 Superheated vapor

8 600 62.37 Compressed liquid

Explanation:

Refer Table A-5:

T, °C P, kPa u, kJ/kg Phase description

20 572.07 95 Saturated mixture
−12 185.37 35.76 Saturated liquid
86.25 400 300 Superheated vapor
8 600 62.37 Compressed liquid
Water initially at 200 kPa and 300°C is contained in a piston–cylinder device fitted with stops. The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a
saturated vapor and the piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

8. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit mass of water. Use data from the tables.

The overall change in internal energy is 1300.04 kJ/kg.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit mass of water. Use data from the tables.

The overall change in internal energy is 1300 ± 5% kJ/kg.

Explanation:

The process is shown on T-V diagram. The internal energy at the inital state is determined from Table A-6 as follows:

P1 = 200 kPa
} u 1 = 2808.8 kJ/kg
T1 = 300°C

State 2 is saturated vapor at the initial pressure. Then, from Table A-5,

P2 = 200 kPa 3
} v2 = 0.8858 m /kg
x2 = 1 (sat. vapor)

Process 2–3 is a constant-volume process. Thus, from Table A-5,

P3 = 100 kPa
} u 3 = 1508.6 kJ/kg
3
v3 = v2 = 0.8858 m /kg

The overall change in the internal energy is calculated as follows:

Δu = u 1 − u 3 = 2808.8 kJ/kg − 1508.6 kJ/kg = 1300 kJ/kg

 A piston–cylinder device contains 0. 005 m of liquid water and 0.91 m of water vapor in equilibrium at 600 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the
3 3

temperature reaches 200°C. Use data from the steam tables.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

9. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points

You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Calculate the final volume. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The final volume is 2.606 m

3
.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Calculate the final volume. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The final volume is 2.615 ± 2% m

3
.

Explanation:

At the final state water is superheated vapor, and its specific volume from Table A-6 is determined as follows:

P2 = 600 kPa 3
} v2 = 0.3521 m /kg
T2 = 200°C

Then,

3 3
V2 = mt v2 = 7.4264 kg × 0.3521 m /kg = 2.6148 m

Superheated water vapor at 180 psia and 450°F is allowed to cool at constant volume until the temperature drops to
250°F. Use data from the steam tables.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

10. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

At the final state, determine the enthalpy. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The enthalpy is 412.817 Btu/lbm.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

At the final state, determine the enthalpy. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The enthalpy is 412.823 ± 2% Btu/lbm.

Explanation:

hf = 218. 63 Btu/lbm and hf g = 945. 41 Btu/lbm

The enthalpy at the final state is determined as follows:

h = hf + xhf g = 218.63 Btu/lbm + (0.2054 × 945.41 Btu/lbm) = 412.8231 Btu/lbm

A rigid tank initially contains 1.400 kg saturated liquid water at 200°C. At this state, 25 percent of the volume is occupied by water and the rest by air. Now heat is
supplied to the water until the tank contains saturated vapor only. The saturated liquid properties of water at 200°C are v = 0. 001157 m /kg and
f
3

u f = 850. 46 kJ/kg (Table A-4).

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

11. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Determine the internal energy change of the water. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The change in internal energy is 1874.12 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Determine the internal energy change of the water. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The change in internal energy is 1,878.683 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The total internal energy change is determined as follows:

ΔU = m (u 2 - u 1 ) = 1.4 kg × (2192.3764 kJ/kg − 850.46 kJ/kg) = 1878.683 kJ

A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.054 m of liquid water at 40°C and 200 kPa. Heat is transferred to the water at
3

constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized. Use data from the steam tables.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

12. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

Determine the total enthalpy change.

The total enthalpy change is 136306 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Determine the total enthalpy change.

The total enthalpy change is 1.36E5 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

h1 = hf @ 40°C = 167. 53 kJ/kg

The final enthalpy is h2 = hg @ 200 kPa = 2706. 3 kJ/kg .

Thus,

ΔH = m(h2 − h1 ) = 53.5714 kg × (2706.3 kJ/kg − 167.53 kJ/kg) = 136005.5357 kJ

13. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

A piston-cylinder device contains 6.00 kg of refrigerant-134a at 800 kPa and 70°C. The refrigerant is now cooled at constant pressure until it exists as a liquid
at 15°C. Determine the amount of heat loss. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The amount of heat loss is 1405.82 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Easy

A piston-cylinder device contains 6.00 kg of refrigerant-134a at 800 kPa and 70°C. The refrigerant is now cooled at constant pressure until it exists as a liquid
at 15°C. Determine the amount of heat loss. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The amount of heat loss is 1407.42 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The following assumptions have been made here:

1. The cylinder is stationary; thus the kinetic and potential energy changes are zero.

2. There are no work interactions involved other than the boundary work.

3. The thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself is negligible.

4. The compression or expansion process is quasi-equilibrium.

E in − E out = ΔE system
 
Net energy transfer by heat, work, and mass Change in internal, kinetic, potential etc. energies

−Q out − Wb,out = ΔU = m (u 2 − u 1 ) (since KE = PE = 0)

−Q out = m (h2 − h1 )

since U + Wb = ΔH during a constant pressure quasi-equilibrium process. The properties of R-134a are (Tables A-11 through A-13)

P1 = 800 kPa
}h1 = 306.90 kJ/kg
T1 = 70°C

P2 = 800 kPa
}h2 ≅ hf @15°C = 72.33 kJ/kg
T2 = 15°C

Substituting,
Q out = − (6 kg) (72.33 − 306.90) kJ/kg = 1407.42 kJ
14. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Calculate the total work, in kJ, for process 1–3 shown in the figure when the system consists of 2.500 kg of nitrogen.

The total work for process 1–3 is 375 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Easy

Calculate the total work, in kJ, for process 1–3 shown in the figure when the system consists of 2.500 kg of nitrogen.

The total work for process 1–3 is 375.0 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The assumption made here is that the process is quasi-equilibrium.

No work is done during process 2–3 since the area under the process line is zero. Then the work done is equal to the area under the process line 1–2 as
follows:

P 1 +P 2
Wb, out = Area = m (v2 − v1 )
2

(100+500) kPa 1 kJ
3
Wb, out = (2.5 kg) (1 − 0.5) m /kg ( 3
) = 375 kJ
2 1 kPa⋅m
15. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

A rigid 15.00-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid water and vapor at 100°C with 12.3 percent quality. The mixture is then heated until its temperature is
180°C. The final state is superheated water and the internal energy at this state should be obtained by interpolation. Calculate the heat transfer required for
this process. Use data from the steam tables. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The heat transfer required for this process is 138.5 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Easy

A rigid 15.00-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid water and vapor at 100°C with 12.3 percent quality. The mixture is then heated until its temperature
is 180°C. The final state is superheated water and the internal energy at this state should be obtained by interpolation. Calculate the heat transfer required for
this process. Use data from the steam tables. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.)

The heat transfer required for this process is 138.647 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The following assumptions have been made here:

1. The system is stationary; thus the kinetic and potential energy changes are zero.
2. There are no work interactions involved.

3. The thermal energy stored in the vessel itself is negligible.

We take water as the system. This is a closed system since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this stationary closed system can be expressed
as

E in − E out = ΔE system
 
Net energy transfer by heat, work, and mass Change in internal, kinetic, potential etc. energies

Q in = ΔU = m (u 2 − u 1 ) (since KE = PE = 0)

The properties at the initial and final states are (Tables A-4 and A-6)

T1 = 100°C 3 3 3
}v1 = vf + xvf g = 0.001043 m /kg + (0.123) (01.6720 − 0.001043) m /kg = 0.2066 m /kg, u 1 = u f + xu f g = 419.06 kJ/kg +
x 1 = 0.123

T2 = 180°C
}u 2 = 2585.5 kJ/kg
3
v2 = v1 = 0.2066 m

Note that it is difficult to obtain internal energy at the final state u2 from Table A-6. Instead, we used EES.
The mass in the system is

3
V1 0.015 m
m = = 3
= 0.0726 kg
v1 0.2066 m /kg

Substituting,

Q in = m (u 2 − u 1 ) = (0.0726 kg) (2585.5 − 675.76) kJ/kg = 138.6471 kJ

16. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

A mass of 5.500 kg of saturated water vapor at 100 kPa is heated at constant pressure until the temperature reaches 200°C. Calculate the work done by the
steam during this process. Use steam tables. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The work done by the steam is 262.90 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

A mass of 5.500 kg of saturated water vapor at 100 kPa is heated at constant pressure until the temperature reaches 200°C. Calculate the work done by the
steam during this process. Use steam tables. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The work done by the steam is 263.07 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The assumption made here is that the process is quasi-equilibrium.

Noting that the pressure remains constant during this process, and the specific volumes at the initial and final states are (Table A-4 through A-6)

P1 = 100 kPa 3
}v1 = vg@100 kPa = 1.6941 m /kg
Sat. Vapor

P2 = 100 kPa 3
}v2 = 2.1724 m /kg
T2 = 200°C

The boundary work is determined from its definition to be

2
Wb, out
= ∫ P dν = P (v2 − v1 ) = mP (v2 − v1 )
1

3 1 kJ
Wb, out
= (5.5 kg) (100 kPa) (2.1724 − 1.6941) m /kg ( 3
) = 263.07 kJ
1 kPa⋅m
 A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.800 kg of steam at 1.0 MPa and 400°C. The location of the stops corresponds to 40% of the initial
volume. Now the steam is cooled. Use steam tables.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

17. Award: 0 out of 10.00 points

You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

Determine the compression work if the final state is 1.0 MPa and 250°C. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.) (Include a minus sign if necessary.)
The compression work is -198 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Determine the compression work if the final state is 1.0 MPa and 250°C. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.) (Include a minus sign if necessary.)
The compression work is -59.09 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The specific volumes for the initial and final states are

v1 = 0.30661 3
m / kg (for the initial temperature and pressure, P1 = 1 MPa and T 1 = 400°C)

v2 = 0.23275 3
m / kg (for the initial temperature and pressure, P2 = 1 MPa and T 2 = 250°C)

Noting that pressure is constant during the process, the boundary work is determined from

3
Wb = mP (v2 − v1 ) = (0.8 kg) (1000 kPa ) (0.23275−0.30661) m /kg = −59.09 kJ
18. Award: 0 out of 10.00 points
You did not receive full credit for this question in a previous attempt

1.500 kg of water that is initially at 90°C with a quality of 10 percent occupies a spring-loaded piston-cylinder device, such as that in the figure. This device is
now heated until the pressure rises to 800 kPa and the temperature is 250°C. Determine the total work produced during this process, in kJ. (Round the final
answer to three decimal places.)

The total work produced is 0 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

1.500 kg of water that is initially at 90°C with a quality of 10 percent occupies a spring-loaded piston-cylinder device, such as that in the figure. This device is
now heated until the pressure rises to 800 kPa and the temperature is 250°C. Determine the total work produced during this process, in kJ. (Round the final
answer to three decimal places.)

The total work produced is 36.803 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The assumption made here is that the process is quasi-equilibrium.

The initial state is saturated mixture at 90°C. The pressure and the specific volume at this state are

P1 = 70.183 kPa

v1 = vf + xvf g

3 3 3 3
v1 = 0.001036 m /kg + (0.10) (2.3593 m /kg − 0.001036 m /kg) = (0.23686 m /kg)

The final specific volume at 800 kPa and 250°C is (Table A-6)

3
v2 = 0.29321 m /kg
 Since this is a linear process, the work done is equal to the area under the process line 1-2 as follows:

P 1 +P 2
Wb, out = Area = m (v2 − v1 )
2

(70.183+800) kPa 1 kJ
3
Wb, out = (1.5 kg) (0.29321 − 0.23686) m ( 3
) = 36.803 kJ
2 1 kPa⋅m

A piston-cylinder device contains 50 kg of water at 250 kPa and 25°C. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m . Heat is now transferred to the water, causing
2

part of it to evaporate and expand. When the volume reaches 0.260 m , the piston reaches a linear spring whose spring constant is 100 kN/m. More heat is
3

transferred to the water until the piston rises 20 cm more.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Medium

19. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points

You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Determine the work done during this process.

The work done during this process is 59.5 kJ.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Medium

Determine the work done during this process.

The work done during this process is 59.5 ± 2% kJ.

Explanation:

The pressure remains constant during process 1–2 and changes linearly (a straight line) during process 2–3. Then, the boundary work during this process is
simply the total area under the process curve as follows:

P 2 +P 3
Wb, out = Area = P1 (V2 − V1 ) + (V 3 − V 2 )
2

(250+450) kPa 1 kJ
3 3
Wb, out = ((250 kPa) (0.26 − 0.05) m + (0.28 − 0.26) m ) ( 3
) = 59.5 kJ
2 1 kPa⋅m
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 4.000 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current of
8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor placed in the water. One-half of the liquid is evaporated during this constant-pressure process and the paddle-wheel work
amounts to 400 kJ.

References

Section Break Difficulty: Easy

20. Award: 10 out of 10.00 points
You received credit for this question in a previous attempt

Determine the voltage of the source. Use data from the steam tables. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The voltage of the source is 175.36 V.

References

Numeric Response Difficulty: Easy

Determine the voltage of the source. Use data from the steam tables. (Round the final answer to two decimal places.)

The voltage of the source is 175.35 ± 2% V.

Explanation:

The following assumptions have been made here:

1. The cylinder is stationary; thus the kinetic and potential energy changes are zero.

2. The cylinder is well insulated; thus heat transfer is negligible.

3. The thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself is negligible.

4. The compression or expansion process is quasi-equilibrium.

We take the contents of the cylinder as the system. This is a closed system since no mass enters or leaves. The energy balance for this stationary closed
system can be expressed as

E in − E out = ΔE system
 
Net energy transfer by heat, work, and mass Change in internal, kinetic, potential etc. energies

We, in + Wpw, in
− Wb, out = ΔU (since PE = KE = 0)

We, in + Wpw, in
= m (h 2 − h 1 )

(V I Δ t) + Wpw, in
= m (h 2 − h 1 )

since ΔU + Wb = ΔH during a constant pressure quasi-equilibrium process. The properties of water are (Tables A-4 through A-6)

P1 = 175 kPa 3
}h1 = hf @175 kPa = 487.01 kJ/kg, v1 = vf @175 kPa = 0.001057 m /kg
saturated liquid

P2 = 175 kPa
}h2 = hf + x 2 hf g = 487.01 kJ/kg + (0.5 × 2213.1 kJ/kg) = 1593.6 kJ/kg
x 2 = 0.5

3
V1 0.004 m
m = = 3
= 3.7843 kg
v1 0.001057 m /kg

Substituting,
V I Δ t + (400 kJ) = (3.7843 kg) (1593.6 − 487.01) kJ/kg

V I Δ t = 3788 kJ

3788 kJ 1000 VA
V = ( ) = 175.35 V
(8 A)(45×60 s) 1 kJ/s