COMPLEX NUMBERS – ASSIGNMENT 1

1 (a) 27 (b) 72
1. If  is real then the modulus of is
1 + cos  + i sin  (c) 45 (d) 54
1  1  9. If n is a positive integer greater than unity and z is a
(a) sec (b) cos
complex number satisfying the equation z n = ( z + 1) ,
n
2 2 2 2
  then
(c) sec (d) cos
2 2 (a) Re ( z )  0 (b) Re ( z )  0
2. If (1 − i )(1 − 2i )(1 − 3i ) .... (1 − ni ) = x − iy , then
(c) Re ( z ) = 0 (d) none of these
2  5 10..... (1 + n 2
)= 10. Let A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a
(a) x + y
2 2
(b) x + y circle of unit radius. Then the product of the length of
(c) x − y
2 2
(d) x − y the line segment A0 A1 , A0 A2 and A0 A4 is
3
3. If  / 3 and  / 4 are the arguments of z1 and z2 , (a) (b) 3 3
4
then the value of arg ( z1  z2 ) is
3 3
(a) 5 /12 (b)  /12 (c) 3 (d)
2
(c) 7 /12 (d) − /12 11. If the points z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices of an equilateral
4. Let the complex number z1 , z2 , z3 be the vertices of an
triangle in the Argand plane, then
equilateral triangle. Let z0 be the circumcentre of the 1 1 1
(a) + + =0
triangle. Then z12 + z2 2 + z32 = z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z3 − z1
(a) 2z0 2 (b) 3z0 2 (b) z12 + z2 2 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1

5.
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(c) 4z0 2
log ( log i ) =
(d) 4z03 (c) ( z1 − z2 ) + ( z2 − z3 ) + ( z3 − z1 ) = 0
(d) All of these
2 2 2

(a) log  / 2 (b) i  / 2 12. If z is a complex number such that Re ( z ) = Im ( z ) ,

(c) i  / 2 + log  / 2 (d) none then
(a) Re ( z 2 ) = 0
z 2 z1 + 3z2
6. If 2 is imaginary, the is
z1 2 z1 − 3z2 (b) Im ( z 2 ) = 0

(a)
2
(b) 1 (c) Re ( z 2 ) = Im ( z 2 )
3
(d) Re ( z 2 ) = − Im ( z 2 )
3
(c) (d) 5 13
2 13. The value of sum  (i n
+ i n +1 ) , where i = −1 ,
 z − 8i  n =1
7. If Re   = 0, then z lies on the curve
 z+6  equals
(a) x + y + 6 x − 8 y = 0
2 2 (a) i (b) i − 1
(c) −i (d) 0
(b) 4 x − 3 y + 24 = 0
4
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 8 = 0 14. If z − = 2, then the maximum value of z is
z
(d) none of these
(a) 3 +1 (b) 5 +1
8. If t 2 + t + 1 = 0, then the value of
2 2 2
(c) 2 (d) 2 + 2
 1  2 1   27 1 
 t +  +  t + 2  + ...... +  t + 27  is
 t  t   t 

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 15. The complex number z = x + iy which satisfies the 22. If z and  be complex numbers such that z + i = 0
z − 3i and arg ( z ) =  . Then, arg ( z ) equals
equation = 1, lie on
z + 3i  
(a) (b)
(a) the X − axis 4 2
(b) the straight line y = 3 3 5
(c) (d)
(c) a circle passing through origin 4 4
(d) none of the above 23. If z1 and z2 are any two complex numbers, then
16. The points represented by the complex numbers
(a) z1 + z2  z1 + z2
5
1 + i, − 2 + 3i, i on the Argand diagram are: (b) z1 + z2  z1 + z2
3
(a) vertices of an equilateral triangle (c) z1 + z2  z1 + z2
(b) vertices of an isosceles triangle
(d) z1 + z2 = z1 + z2
(c) collinear
15

17.
(d) none of the above
If  is a complex cube root of unity, then
24. If z = cos  + i sin  , then the value of  Im ( z
m =1
2 m −1
) at

( x − y )( x − y ) ( x 2 − y ) is equal to:  = 2 is
1 1
(a) x 2 + y 2 (b) x 2 − y 2 (a) (b)
sin 2 3sin 2
(c) x3 − y 3 (d) x3 + y 3 1 1
18. The locus of satisfying the inequality (c) (d)
z 2sin 2 4sin 2
log1/3 z + 1  log1/3 z − 1 is: a + b + c 2 a + b + c 2
25. The value of + will be
(a) Re ( z )  0 (b) Re ( z )  0 b + c + a 2 c + a + b 2
(c) Im ( z )  0 (d) none of these (a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) −2
19. If z1 = 10 + 6i, z2 = 4 + 6i and z is a complex number 2
i

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 z − z1  
such that amp   = , then the value of
 z − z2  4
26. If a = e 3

and a 2 + a −4 is
, then the equation whose roots are a + a −2

(a) x 2 − 2 x + 4 = 0 (b) x2 − x + 1 = 0
z − 7 − 9i is equal to:
(c) x 2 + 2 x + 4 = 0 (d) x 2 + 2 x − 4 = 0
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 27. If the complex numbers z1 , z2 and z3 denote the
(c) 3 2 (d) 2 3 vertices of an isosceles right angled triangle, right
20. Suppose z1 , z2 , z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle angled at z1 , then ( z1 − z2 ) + ( z1 − z3 ) is equal to
2 2

whose circumcentre −3 + 4i , then z1 + z2 + z3 is

(b) ( z2 + z3 )
2
(a) 0
equal to
(c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 5 (b) 10 3
28. If z is any complex number satisfying z − 3 − 2i  2,
(c) 15 (d) 15 3
then the minimum value of 2 z − 6 + 5i is
21. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that
(a) 2 (b) 1
z1 = z2 + z1 − z2 , then
(c) 3 (d) 5
z  z  29. If z + 4  3, then the maximum value of z + 1 is
(a) Im  1 =0 (b) Re  1 =0
 z2   z2  (a) 4 (b) 10
z  z  (c) 6 (d) 0
(c) Re  1  = Im  1  (d) None of these
 z2   z2 

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 30. If the complex numbers z1 , z2 and z3 satisfying
z1 − z3 1 − i 3
= , then triangle is
z 2 − z3 2
(a) an equilateral triangle
(b) a right angled triangle
(c) an acute angled triangle
(d) an obtuse angled isosceles triangle

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 ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (a), (b), (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (b)
26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (a)

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 SOLUTIONS
1 1 1 1 1 
1. = = = sec
1 + cos  + i sin  2cos  / 2 cos  / 2 + i sin  / 2 2cos  / 2 2 2
2. (1 − i )(1 − 2i )(1 − 3i ) .... (1 − ni ) = x − iy  1 − i 1 − 2i .... 1 − ni = x − iy

 2 5..... 1 + n 2 = x 2 + y 2  2  5..... ( n 2 + 1) = x 2 + y 2
  
3. arg ( z1 ) = , arg ( z1  z2 ) =  arg ( z2 ) = −
3 4 4

  
arg ( z1  z2 ) = − =
3 4 12
z1 + z2 + z3
4. In an equilateral triangle, circumcentre = centroid  z0 =
3
z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices of a triangle then z12 + z2 2 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1
 ( z1 + z2 + z3 ) = 3 ( z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 )  ( 3z0 ) = 3 ( z12 + z2 2 + z32 )  z12 + z2 2 + z32 = 3z0 2
2 2

 
5. i = cos + i sin = ei / 2
2 2

log i = log ei / 2 = i
2
    
 log ( log i ) = log  i  = log i + log = i + log
 2 2 2 2

6.
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Let z =
2 z1 + 3z2
2 z1 − 3z2
Using componendo and dividendo, we get
z − 1 3 z2
 = = an imaginary number
z + 1 2 z1
Let z = x + iy
( x − 1) + iy
 = an imaginary number
( x + 1) + iy


(x 2
+ y 2 − 1) + 2iy
= an imaginary number
( x + 1)
2
+ y2
 x2 + y 2 − 2 = 0

 and y  0
2 z1 + 3z2
 x 2 + y 2 = 1 or z = =1
2 z1 − 3z2

7. Let z = x + iy . Also
x + ( y − 8) i
Let E = z + 6 =
( x + 6 ) + iy

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 E=
( x + ( y − 8) i ) ( x + 6 − iy )
( x + 6)
2
+ y2
 x 2 + 6 x + y 2 − 8 y   xy − 8 x − xy + 6 y − 48 
E =  +i 
 ( x + 6 )2 + y 2   ( x + 6 )
2
+ y 2 
   
 z − 8i 
Since, Re  =0 {given}
 z+6 

 x2 + y 2 + 6x − 8 y = 0
8. Since, t 2 + t + 1 = 0 {given}
 t =  or t =  2

2 2 2 2
 1  1  1  1 
Let E =  t +  +  t 2 + 2  +  t 3 + 3  + ...... +  t 27 + 27 
 t   t   t   t 
2 2 2 2
 1  1   1   1 
 E =   +  +   2 + 2  +   3 + 3  + ...... +   27 + 27 
          
 E = ( −1) + ( −1) + (1 + 1) + ...... + (1 + 1)
2 2 2 2

 1
 All the powers of  t +  which are not a multiple of 3 will return ( −1) i.e., 1 .
2

 t
 1  1
Also the powers of  t +  which are a multiple of 3 will return 22 = 4 so if power of  t +  ranges from 1 to 27 , there
 t  T
will be 9 powers which are multiples of 3 and rest 18 will be non-multiples of 3 .
E = 18 (1) + 9 ( 4 ) = 54

Similarly for t =  2 , E = 54

9.
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Since, z n = (1 + z )  z n = (1 + z )

 z = (1 + z )  z = 1 + z
n n
n n

 z − 0 = z − ( −1)
 z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining ( 0, 0 ) and ( 0, −1)
1
z=−
2
 Re ( z )  0

10. Since, it is given that the hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius unity.
1
 Let us assume that the vertices of hexagon are sixth roots of unity. i.e., (1) 6
We know that
Sixth roots of unity are z0 = 1, z1 = −, z2 = 
z3 = −1, z4 =  2 , z5 = − 2
Let E = A0 A1  A0 A2  A0 A4
 E = z1 − z0  z2 − z0  z4 − z0
 E = 1+   −1  2 −1
 E = − 2  3  3

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 E = 1  3  3 = 3

11. Since ABC is an equilateral triangle,

z −z  
 arg  3 1  = {Coni’s theorem}
 z2 − z1  3
 z3 − z1  z3 − z1 i3 z −z AB i3
 = e  3 1 = e
 z2 − z1  z2 − z1 z2 − z1 BC
Since, the triangle is an equilateral triangle
 AC = AB
z3 − z1 1 i 3 2 ( z3 − z1 ) − ( z2 − z1 ) i 3
 = +  =
z2 − z1 2 2 2 ( z2 − z1 ) 2
2 z3 − 2 z1 − z2 + z1
 = −i 3
z2 − z1
2
 2 z3 − z1 − z2 
Squaring on both sides, we have   = −3
 z2 − z1 
 4 z32 + z12 + z2 2 − 4 z3 z1 + 2 z1 z2 − 4 z3 z2 = −3 ( z2 2 + z12 − 2 z1 z2 )
 4 ( z32 + z12 + z22 − z1 z2 − z2 z3 − z3 z1 ) = 0
 If ABC is an equilateral triangle with A ( z1 ) , B ( z2 ) and C ( z3 ) are its vertices, then
z12 + z2 2 + z32 − z1 z2 − z2 z3 − z3 z1 = 0 … (1)
( z2 − z3 ) + ( z3 − z1 ) + ( z1 − z2 ) = 0
2 2 2
or … (2)
( z2 − z3 )( z3 − z1 )( z3 − z1 )( z1 − z2 ) + ( z1 − z2 )( z2 − z3 ) = 0 … (3)
or
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Dividing (3) throughout by
( z1 − z2 )( z2 − z3 )( z3 − z1 )
1 1 1
or + + =0 … (4)
z1 − z2 z2 − z3 z3 − z1
Since, z12 + z2 2 + z32 − z1 z2 − z2 z3 − z3 z1 = 0
 ( z1 + z2 + z3 2 )( z1 + z2 2 + z3 ) = 0  z1 + z2 + z3 2 = 0
or  z1 + z2 2 + z3 = 0 … (5)
or Since z + z2 + z3 − z1 z2 − z2 z3 − z3 z1 = 0
1
2 2 2

 z12 + z2 2 + z32 = 3z1 z2 z3 … (6)

12. Let z = x + iy

 zz = ( x + iy )( x + iy ) = x 2 − y 2 + 2ixy
= 0 + 2ixy  Re ( z ) = Im ( z )  x = y 
 Re ( z 2 ) = 0

13. We know that, sum of any four consecutive powers of i is zero.

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 13
 ( i n + i n +1 ) = ( i + i 2 + ...... + i13 )( i2 + i 3 + ...... + i14 ) = i13 + i14 = i − 1
n =1

 4 4 4 4 4
14. z = z − +  z  z − +  z  2+
 z z z z z

2
 z −2 z −4 0  z − ( ( 5 +1 )) ( z − (1 − 5 ))  0  1 − 5  z  5 +1

z − 3i
15. Given = 1  z − 3i = z + 3i
z + 3i

[If z − z1 = z − z2 , then it is a perpendicular bisector of z1 and z2 ]

Hence, perpendicular bisector of ( 0,3 ) and ( 0, −3) is X − axis

5
16. Let z1 = 1 + i, z2 = −2 + 3i and z3 = 0 + i
3

x1 y1 1 1 1 1
 5  −10  4 10 4 + 6 − 10
Then x2 y2 1 = −2 3 1 = 1 3 −  + 1( 2 ) + 1  = +2− = =0
 3  3  3 3 3
x3 y3 1 5
0 1
3
Hence, area of triangle is zero, therefore points are collinear.

17. We have ( x − y )( x − y ) ( x 2 − y )

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= ( x − y ) ( x 2 3 − xy − xy 2 + y 2 )
= x  3 − x 2 y − x 2 y 2 + xy 2 − x 2 y 3 + xy 2 + xy 2 2 − y 3
3

= x3 (1) − x 2 y ( +  2 + 1) + xy 2 (1 +  2 +  3 ) − y3

= x3 − y 3 ( 1 +  2 + 3 = 0)

18. We know that, if log a m  log a n

 m  n or m  n according as a  1 or 0  a  1
 log(1/3) z + 1  log(1/3) z − 1
 1 
 z +1  z −1  0   1
 3 
Let z = x + iy
x + iy + 1  x + iy − 1
 ( x + 1) + y 2  ( x − 1) + y 2
2 2

 4 x  0  x  0  Re ( z )  0

19. Given numbers are z1 = 10 + 6i, z2 = 4 + 6i and let z = x + iy

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  z − z1    ( x − 10 ) + i ( y − 6 )  
Given that, amp   =  amp   =
 z − z2  4  ( x − 4) + i ( y − 6)  4

 amp 
 
 ( x − 10 )( x − 4 ) + ( y − 6 )2 + i ( x − 4 )( y − 6 )( x − 10 ) 
=
 ( x − 4) + ( y − 6)
2 2  4
 
( x − 4 ) + ( y − 6 ) − ( y − 6 )( x − 10 )
 =1
( x − 4)( x − 10 ) + ( y − 6 )
2

 xy − 6 x − 4 y + 24 − ( xy − 10 y − 6 x + 60 ) = x 2 − 14 x + 40 + y 2 + 36 − 12 y
 12 y − y 2 − 72 + 6 y = x 2 − 14 x + 40 … (1)

Now, z − 7 − 9i = ( x − 7 ) + i ( y − 9 ) = ( x − 7) + i ( y − 9)
2 2
… (2)
From (1)
(x 2
− 14 x + 49 ) + ( y 2 − 8 y + 81) = 18  ( x − 7 ) + ( y − 9 ) = 18
2 2

1/ 2
 ( x − 7 ) + ( y − 9 )  = 18
2 2 1/ 2
=3 2
 
 ( x − 7 ) + i ( y − 9) = 3 2 {from (2)}
 z − 7 − 9i = 3 2

20. As triangle is equilateral, circumcentre and centroid of the triangle coincides, therefore,

1
( z1 + z2 + z3 ) = −3 + 4i  z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 ( −3)
2
+ 42 = 15
3

(z )
2 2
21. 1 − z2 = z1 − z2

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 z1 + z2 − 2 z1 z2 = z1 − 2 z1 z2 cos (1 − 2 )
2 2

 cos (1 −  2 ) = 1  1 = 2n +  2

2

Thus, if z1 = r1 ( cos 1 + i sin 1 ) and z2 = r2 ( cos  2 + i sin  2 )

 z1 = r1 ( cos  2 + i sin  2 ) and z2 = r2 ( cos  2 + i sin  2 )

z1 r1 z 
 =  Im  1  = 0
z2 r2  z2 

22. Since, z + i = 0  z = − i

 z = i   = −iz
Also, arg ( z ) =   arg ( −iz 2 ) = 
 arg ( −i ) + 2 arg ( z ) = 
  
− + 2 arg ( z ) =   arg ( −i ) = − 2 
2  
3
 2 arg ( z ) =
2

3
 arg ( z ) =
4

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 23. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers, then z1 + z2  z1 + z2 [by triangle inequality]

24. Given, z = cos  + i sin  = ei

15 15 15

 Im ( z ) = Im ( e ) =  Im ( ei )
2 m −1 i 2 m −1 ( 2 m −1) 

m =1 m =1 m =1

= sin  + sin 3 + sin 5 + + sin 29

  + 29   15  2 
sin   sin  
 2   2  = sin (15 ) sin (15 ) = 1
=   = 2
 2  sin  4sin 2
sin  
 2

25. Multiplying the numerator and denominator by  and  2 , respectively of I and II expressions, we get

 ( a + b + c 2 )  2 ( a + b + c 2 )
+ = −1   +  2 = −1  1 +  +  2 = 0
b + c 2 + a c 2 + a + b

26. Here, a = ei 2 /3 = 

1 1
a + =  + 2 =  +  = 2
a 2

1 1
Similarly, a 2 + 4 =  2 + 4 = 2 2
a 
 1
Now, a + 2 + a 2 + 4 = 2 + 2 2 = −2
a a
 1  2 1 

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and  a + 2  a + 4  = 2  2 2 = 4
 a  a 

So, the required equation is x2 + 2 x + 4 = 0.

27. ( z3 − z1 ) = ( z2 − z1 )( cos 90 + i sin 90 )

 ( z3 − z1 ) = i ( z2 − z1 )  ( z3 − z1 ) = − ( z2 − z1 )  ( z3 − z1 ) + ( z2 − z1 ) = 0
2 2 2 2

Alternate Method
Let z1 = 0, z2 = 1 − i and z3 = 1 + i
Now, ( z1 − z2 ) + ( z1 − z3 ) = 0 − (1 − i )  + 0 − (1 + i ) = (1 − i ) + (1 + i )
2 2 2 2 2 2

= 12 + i 2 − 2i + 12 + i 2 + 2i = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 = 0

28. z − 3 − 2i  2

So, z lies on or inside the circle having radius 2 and centre ( 3, 2 ) .

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 Now, 2 z − 6 + 5i min = 2 z − 3 + ( 5 / 2 ) i min

5
= 2 minmum distance of any point on the circle to the point ( 3, −5 / 2 ) = 2   = 5
2

29. z + 4  3 represents the interior and boundary of the circle with centre at ( −4, 0 ) and radius = 3.

As −1 is an end point of a diameter of the circle, therefore maximum possible value of z + 1 is 6.

Alternate Method
z + 1 = z + 4 − 3  z + 4 + −3  6

Hence, maximum value of z + 1 is 6.

30. Let the vertices of triangle be A ( z1 ) , B ( z2 ) and C ( z3 ) .

z1 − z3 1 − i 3 z −z 2
=  1 3 = =1
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Given,
z2 − z3 2 z2 − z3
 z1 − z3 = z2 − z3  AC = BC
2

z1 − z3  z −z   
Now, = ei /3  arg  1 3  = − BCA =
z2 − z3  z2 − z3  3 3
 AC = BC and BCA = 60  AB = BC = CA

 ABC is an equilateral triangle.

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