THEORIES

1. A simple sentence: contains one independent clause with a subject and a verb, expressing a
complete thought. It contains no dependent clauses. While basic, it can include modifiers, objects,
or compound subjects/verbs (e.g., "The cat sat" or "She and her friend ran quickly"). While they
usually contain one verb, they can feature compound subjects or compound verbs while remaining
simple.
2. A compound sentence: connects two or more independent clauses (complete thoughts) using a
coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), a semicolon, or a conjunctive
adverb. These clauses are equally important and can stand alone as simple sentences, allowing
writers to create rhythm and connect related ideas.
3. A complex sentence: is a sentence that combines one independent clause (a complete thought)
with at least one dependent clause (an incomplete thought) using subordinating conjunctions or
relative pronouns. It allows for detailed, nuanced expression, typically placing the dependent clause
first followed by a comma, or placing it after the independent clause without a comma.
4. A relative clause: is a dependent clause that acts as an adjective to modify, describe, or identify
a noun or pronoun in a main clause, usually starting with relative pronouns (who, which, that,
whose, whom) or adverbs (where, when, why).
- We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something –
information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining
relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. We usually use a relative
pronoun (e.g. who, that, which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause
- We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not
necessary information. We don’t need it to understand who or what is being referred to. We always
use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining relative clause
5. A run-on sentence: occurs when two or more independent clauses (complete thoughts) are
joined together without proper punctuation or conjunctions.
6. A comma splice: is a punctuation error occurring when two complete sentences (independent
clauses) are joined together with only a comma, rather than a period, semicolon, or conjunction.
7. Reporting passives: are used to report ideas, beliefs, and opinions.
8. The passive causative: is used to describe services that we arrange for someone to do for us.
9. Indirect speech: reports what a speaker thought without using the exact words that the speaker
used.
Part 1. Read the following statements and decide whether they are True (T) or False (F).
1. If a clause can exist on its own as a complete thought, it can be a simple sentence. TRUE
2. English Noun has no grammatical category of tense. TRUE
3. Adverbs such as rather, such, quite etc. can function as determiner of noun phrase. FALSE
4. Relative pronouns (who, that, which, etc.) are used to introduce a defining relative clause. TRUE
5. Only verbs have category of tense. TRUE
6. A phrase is a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb showing time. TRUE
7. A run-on sentence is two or more dependent clauses incorrectly presented in a single sentence.
FALSE
8. Reporting passives are used to report ideas, beliefs, and opinions. TRUE
9. A compound sentence connects two or more dependent clauses of equal importance using a
comma and a cordinating conjunction or a semicolon. FALSE
10. The passive causative is used to describe services that we arrange for someone to do for us.
TRUE
11. A comma splice is a grammatical error occurring when two complete sentences (independent
clauses) are joined together with only a comma, rather than a period, semicolon, or conjunction.
TRUE
12. Indirect speech reports what a speaker thought without using the exact words that the speaker
used. TRUE
13. A simple sentence is the sentence that has only one verb. FALSE
 PRACTICE
Part 1: Choose the correct answer
1. Identify the adjective clause in the sentence:
The house that has a red roof belongs to my uncle.
A. The house B. belongs to my uncle C. my uncle D. that has a red roof
2. The team all wanted coffee so I made ………….
A. it them B. some it C. some them D. them some
3. He couldn’t rest or sleep because ………….. too much coffee.
A. a drinking B. been drinking C. had been drinking D. he had been drinking
4. According to the memo, we’re ……….. the meeting at noon tomorrow.
A. having B. have C. going have [Link] have
5. The unlined part in the sentence “Walking through the park, she admired the beauty of
nature.” is called
A. adverbial phrase B. noun phrase C. adverb phrase D. adjective phrase
6. What do you think ………me?
A. told B. they told C. didn’t tell D. did he tell
7. That’s very sad news. If ……….sooner, I would have tried to help.
A. I know B. I’ll know C. I’d known D. I knew
8. Good morning, gentlemen. …………….of you is first in line?
A. Which B. Whose C. Who D. Whom
9. I’m going to go out and ……………..
A. have cut my hair C. let my hair cut
B. have my hair cut D. my hair be cut
10. Can you understand ………?
A. she is saying B. what is saying C. what she is saying D. what is she saying
11. The house I grew up …….has been replaced by an office building.
A. in B. in it C. in that D. in which
12. The man has just got out of that luxurious hotel. I don’t know him.
A. The man has just got out of that luxurious hotel whom I don’t know.
B. I don’t know him the man who has just got out of that luxurious hotel.
C. I don’t know the man who has just got out of that luxurious hotel.
D. The man who has just got out of that luxurious hotel, I don’t know whom.
13. My friends who are studying in Italy will be at the party.
A. My friends who studying in Italy will be at the party.
B. My friends studying in Italy will be at the party.
C. My friends studied in Italy will be at the party
D. My friends that studying in Italy will be at the party.
14. ………………you have finished your work, you can go home.
A. No sooner B. As soon as C. While D. Before
15. ………in large quantities is not important.
A. It is a product sold C. A product sells
B. A product is sold D. That a product is sold
16. Choose the correct sentence with an adverbial phrase showing time.
A. She stayed at the hotel near the beach. C. He is the boy who won the contest.
B. They met after the meeting. D. The dog barked loudly.
17. ……………….they had been waiting in line all night, I was sure they’d get tickets.
A. As though B. Because of C. Since D. Until
18. The government has had new houses………….. in the rural areas.
A. built B. build C. to be built D. building
6. Choose the correct indirect question.
A. She asked us where we lived
B. He asks her to cook dinner.
C. He said it was cloudy.
D. Ms Tam asked me not to set the alarm.
19. “Who wrote the poem?” “It is said …………written by one of the Brown sisters. ”
A. to be B. to being C. to have been D. to having been
20. When we went out, it ………………….snowing.
A. already stopped C. was already stopped
B. had already stopped D. was already stopping
21. " Did you study hard?" She asked me.
A. She ask me if I did study hard. C. She asked me had I study hard.
B. She asked me if I studied hard D. She asked me if I had studied hard.
22. My son said he …………his best in the exams the next day.
A. would do B. will do C. does D. did
23. No sooner ....... the door than a photographer started taking pictures.
A. we opened B. had we opened C. we had opened D. opened we
24. Which sentence contains an adjective clause?
A. The man who lives next door is a doctor. C. I will call you later.
B. She quickly ran to the store. D. He spoke softly to his friend.
25. People will often help others when ……
A. given the chance C. they given the chance
B. giving the chance D. they giving the chance
26. Martin’s the police officer…….next door.
A. who living B. whom lives C. lives D. living
17. They ________where the wedding would take place.
A. must know B. know C. had known D. knew
27. The students met Professor Maribel,…….lesson was really useful.
A. who’s B. her C. whose D. which
28.….….he’d like us to work on is exercise eight on page 90.
A. which B. what C. why D. whichever
29. It was in Jakarta,…….the film was made.
A. Ø B. a place C. that D. wherever
30. Sapa is modern and exciting, ………which impress foreign tourists.
A. factors B. these qualities C. qualities D. a quality
31. You won’t have any problems getting the hats. It’s……available.
A. wide B. wideness C. wideless D. widely
32. He’s the musician to…….her teacher was referring.
A. who B. which C. Ø D. whom
10. Johnson knows much about the movie. I think that he has seen it, _____?
A. doesn’t he B. didn’t he C. hasn’t he D. isn’t he
33. The farmer plants lots of lemon trees.
A. Lots of lemon trees are planting by the farmer.
B. The farmer is planted by lots of lemon trees.
C. Lots of lemon trees are planted by the farmer.
D. Lots of lemon trees were planted by the farmer.
34. She wouldn’t like to get her son’s clothes…….tomorrow.
A. iron B. ironing C. to iron D. ironed
35. ….….there are exceptions to the theory is unclearer.
A. what B. that C. which D. the fact
36. The managers asked that all workers………the conference.
A. attend B. to attend C. attended D. attending
12. ________ Nelson works hard will he succeed.
A. if only B. only if C. even if D. as if

37. He’s going to recommend……….. his old cottage.

A. repainting B. to repaint C. repaint D. not repaint
38. Only if Nora tried her best…….she……..enough money to support her family.
A. had / had B. would / have C. would / have had D. should / have
39. ‘Anna absolutely must leave at 7:00,’ he said.
=> He said Anna absolutely………at 7:00.
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. had to leave
40. Whenever the old exercise, they……..better.
A. will feel B. are feeling C. feel D. Ø
9. I had no difficulty ________ their house although they had said that people often did.
A. to find B. finding C. to finding D. for finding
41. We will sit here until he…….
A. appears B. is appearing C. has appeared D. appeared
20. Choose the correct sentence with an adverb clause of reason.
A. Being angry, he decided to do something about the situation
B. Since he was angry, he decided to do something about the situation.
C. While he was driving, he was attacked by bandits
D. They asked me how fast I typed.
42. David is a nurse. The nurse plays better.
A. David is a nurse whom plays better. C. David is a nurse plays better.
B. David is a nurse who plays better. D. David who is a nurse playing better.
43. Tanya,……they like a lot, didn’t study Biology.
A. that B. Ꝋ C. who D. whom
44. The thing _____ I love the most about him is his smile.
A. what B. is C. have D. that
45. If it __________ , they would have divorced by now.
A. had sold the house B. weren’t for the house
C. weren’t because of the house D. were sold the house
46. I think our house __________ by the end of next year.
A. will have sold B. will have been sold C. will be sold D. is going to sold
47. __________ at the party doesn’t concern me.
A. that you saw B. which you saw C. what you saw D. you saw something
48. If I haven’t come back by seven o’clock, __________ dinner without me.
A. start B. will start C. you start D. you're starting
49. The __________ I want to live my life is nobody else’s business.
A. way how B. reason C. way D. how
50. Neither she nor her friend _____ invited to the party.
A. have B. has been C. will have D. has
51. The men will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
52. A new cinema __________ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
53. The silence of the library __________ only by the sound of pages being turned over.
A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken
54. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
55. John and I __________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas
party. But we __________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
56. I think it’s going to be a big problem. I wonder __________ we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
57. The confusion _______ the discovery of the body made everybody lose track of time.
A. had caused B. was caused by C. had been caused by D. caused by
58. I wish he _______ that. My mother was so annoyed.
A. would say B. would have said C. hasn’t said D. hadn’t said
59. I …..about the funny story before he told me.

A. hear B have hear C heard D. had heard

60. Can you understand…..?

A. what she is saying C. she is saying

B. what is saying D. what is she saying

61. That’s very sad news. If ……….sooner, I would have tried to help.

A. I know B. I’ll know C. I’d known D. I knew

62. I’m going to go out and …………………

A. have cut my hair C. let my hair cut

B. have my hair cut D. my hair be cut

63. ………………you have finished your work, you can go home.

A. No sooner B. As soon as C. While D. Before

64. My son said he …………his best in the exam the following day.

A. would do B. will do C. does D. did

65. No sooner ....... the door than a photographer started taking pictures.

A. we opened B. had we opened C. we had opened D. opened we

66. They explained that she couldn’t take the course, …………?

A. could she B. couldn’t she C. did she D. didn’t they

67. The government has had new houses………….. in the rural areas.

A. built B. build C. to be built D. building

68. They recommended that the windows ……..opened.

A. had to B. not be C. ought not to D. should not

69. Could you make those …… outside make less noise?

A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait

70. The plane ….. has just taken off is an hour late.

A. it B. what C. which D. who

71. When we went out, it ………………….snowing.

A. already stopped C. was already stopped

B. had already stopped D. was already stopping

72. Pyeongchang is the city ……… the Winter Olympics were held in 2018.

A. that B. when C. where D. which

73. " Did you study hard?" she asked me.

A. She ask me if I did study hard. C. She asked me had I study hard.

B. She asked me if I studied hard D. She asked me if I had studied hard.

74. If I had a camera, I ______ some photos.

A. would take B. will take C. take D. would have taken

75. Steven King is a prolific author. He ……over 60 books

A. wrote B. has written C. had written D. write

76. When I visited the landlord yesterday, she said, "Why do you want to live here?"

The landlord asked me why …… there.

A. if I wanted to live C. if I lived

B. did I want to live D. I wanted to live

77. Marcos lives in New York City … is the biggest city in the United States.

A. that B. where C. , which D. it

78. ………. your help, I would never have finished the project on time.

A. Should I have B. Were I having C. Had it not been for D. If it were

79. I wish you …… me before coming. I wasn't ready at all.

A. had told B. tell C. told D. would tell

80. They politely asked me …….in another place.

A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood

81. I think Mr Wilson …… in this school since 2005 or maybe earlier.

A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. taught

82. ……the new product didn’t sell well, it’s still on market.

A. Although B. So that C. However D. Nevertheless

83. Please inform Ms. Anne Hedoni that we suggest that she ….. her appointment for at least a
week.

A. postpone B. is postponing C. postpones D. will postpone

84. Tom …..to watch comedies on TV

A. liking B. likes C. is liking D. like

85. The report must ……in English.

A. type B. typed C. be typed D. typing

86. The robber ……the money when the police arrived.

A. count B. was counting C. are counting D. were counting

87. ………. the tie, he couldn’t enter the restaurant

A. Wear not B. Wearing not C. Don’t wear D. Not wearing

88. The subject is …….discussed by the students.

A. been B. be C. being D. was be

A2. Find AN ERROR in each of the following sentences

31. If she will study harder, she can pass the exam without any difficulty. => STUDIES
32. The book what I borrowed from the library is very interesting. => WHICH/ THAT
33. She went to the market yesterday, but she didn’t buy anything because she was forgetting
her wallet at home. => HAD FORGOTTEN
34. When you will make a promise, you tell someone that you will definitely give them
something that you definitely will or won't do something. => MAKE
35. The employees that work in the customer service department answers emails and phone
calls every day. => ANSWER
36. If the company had taken the consultant’s advice earlier, it will have avoided the financial
losses that occurred during the last quarter of 2024. => WOULD HAVE AVOIDED
37. I don't know who is he talking to on the phone right now. => HE IS
38. She studied hard for the test and passed it easily, wasn't she? => DIDN’T
39. Not until he apologized sincerely she agreed to talk to him again. => DID SHE AGREE
40. She was cooking dinner when the phone rings, so she didn’t answer it and just kept chopping.
vegetables. => RANG
Question 31. (A) It is (B) obviously that he is (C) leaving at (D) the moment.
A. It B. obviously C. leaving D. the => OBVIOUS
Question 32. Most (A) important, let’s (B) consider the issue (C) of memory-improvement (D)
courses.
A. important B. consider C. of D. courses => IMPORTANTLY
Question 33. (A) They turned (B) off Jack’s electricity (C) besides he forgot to pay (D) utility
A. the B. off C. besides D. utility => BECAUSE
Question 34. (A) Whichever they (B) might do for (C) us is really (D) necessary.
A. Whichever B. might C. us D. necessary => WHATEVER
Question 35. Someone (A) said that all (B) men are born (C) truthful and (D) died liars.
A. said B. men C. truthful D. died => DIE
Question 36. (A) The equipment in (B) the building should be (C) replacing very (D) soon.
A. The B. the C. replacing D. soon => REPLACED
Question 37. (A) Rare has (B) the pilot read (C) such a great story by this (D) authour.
A. rare B. the C. such D. authour => RARELY
Question 38. An American (A) screamed at them while (B) signals them to (C) stop, whereas (D)
nothing happened.
A. screamed B. signals C. stop D. nothing => SIGNAILING
Question 39. Ann (A) told me (B) that her boss (C) is on holiday, so she was (D) running the
A. told B. that C. is D. running => WAS
Question 40. Macron (A) asked Jimmy (B) whether Suzuki (C) could come (D) today.
A. asked B. whether C. could D. today => THAT DAY

27. London is the largest city in the United Kingdom, isn’t the city? => IT
26. I was tired because I work in the garden all morning. => HAD WORKED/ HAD BEEN
WORKING
27. She was cooking dinner when someone was knocking on the door. => KNOCKED
28. Lisa wishes she goes to the concert with her friends yesterday. => HAD GONE
29. Hiroko was born in Sapporo, where is a city in Japan. => WHICH
29. If I was taller, I could reach the top shelf easily. => WERE
30. Tomorrow at this time, I study in the library. => WILL BE STUDYING
34. She has already finished the assignment when the teacher asked for it. => HAD ALREADY
35. Beside music appreciation and singing, girls also scored higher responding mean than boys for
playing the recorder and other instruments. => BESIDES
 COMMUNICATION QUESTIONS
21. A: “Sorry I’m late” B: “_____________________”
A. You are welcome B. No, I don’t mind
C. All right. Well done D. Not to worry. Better late than never
22. Lisa: “If only I hadn’t lent him all my money!” Jennie: “____________________”
A. Well, you did, so it’s no use crying over spilt milk.
B. All right. You will be OK.
C. Sorry, I have no idea.
D. I’m afraid you will have to do it.
23. Jack: “___________________” Joe: “Never mind, better luck next time.”
A. I’ve broken your previous vase B. I have a lot on my mind
C. I couldn’t keep my mind off work D. I didn’t get the vacant position
24. A: “Sugar?” B: “____________”
A. No, no me! B. No, I don’t C. Thanks, I’d like D. Yes, please
25. Sam: “__________________” Alex: “Oh, it’s great!”
A. How is the English competition like?
B. Would you like the English competition?
C. What do you like about the English competition?
D. What do you think of the English competition?
22. - Peter: “Don’t fail to send your parents my regards.” - Susan: “_____.”
A. You’re welcome. B. Thanks, I will.
C. Good ideas, thanks D. It’s my pleasure.
25. - Anna: “ I don’t think English is too hard to study ”
- Elsa: “ ______ “ .
A. I do too B. I don’t neither C. Neither do I D. I do either
1. A: Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food.
B:__________ .
A. no, thanks B. never mind C. all right D. my pleasure
2. – Your coffee smells great!
 – It’s from Mexico. Would you like _____?
A. it B. some C. little D. this
3. A: I’ve got your invitation.
B: Oh, good. __________.
A. can you come? B. Thanks a lot C. I’ll take it. D. May I help you?
4. Jack and Joe are discussing how to make salad for dinner.
Jack: “______”
Joe: How about putting some grapes in it, instead?
A. We could fry some onions with it too.
B. I’d rather just have some bread, thanks.
C. Let’s put some pieces of apple in the salad.
D. Good idea! I’ll go and make one.
5. Peter and Mary are friends. They have just finished lunch in a restaurant.
Mary: The food is great. I'll get the bill.
Peter: _________.
A. Yes, speak to you soon. B. No, this is on me.
C. It's nothing. D. Don't mention it.

6. Mary is talking to a porter in the hotel lobby.

Porter: “Shall I help you with your suitcase?”

Mary: “____________________________”

A. What nonsense! B. That’s very kind of you.

C. What a pity! D. I can’t agree more.

7. John : “Don’t fail to send your parents my regard.” - Mary: “ ________.”

A. Thanks, I will B. You’re welcome C. Good idea, thanks D. It’s my pleasure

9. Mary: “I will never go mountaineering again.” – Linda: “Me ______.”

A. so B. either C. too D. neither

10. Mike an Joe are talking about transport in the future.

- Mike: “Do you think there will be pilotless planes?” - Joe: “_____”

A. I’m afraid I can’t.

B. What for? There are quite a few around.

C. Why not? There have been cars without drivers.

D. I’m glad you like it.

11. Julie and Ann are talking about their classmate.

- Julie: “_______” - Ann: “Yeah, not bad, I suppose.”

A. Do you see him often? B. What are you thinking?

C. How did you meet him? D. He is quite good-looking, isn’t he?

12. Mary: “Let me bring something to your party, won’t you?”

Laura: “_______________________”

A. In my opinion, you’re right. B. That really surprises me.

C. It’s enough, just to have you come. D. Sorry, I’ve ready had plan for tonight.

13. Two high school students, Jane and John, are talking about their plan after graduation.

- Jane: “_______.” - John: As far as I’m concerned, there’s no doubt about it.

A. Taking a gap year should be among the best choices for us, don’t you think?

B. Let's take a gap year and see how things go!

C. What do you think about taking a gap year before university?

D. How come you decided to take a gap year before university!

14. - “What’s the matter? You don’t look very well.” – “I feel a little _____.”

A. out of the blue B. out of order C. under the weather D. under a cloud

15. Peter: "Hi, David, do you think it's possible for you to have a talk sometime today?"
- David:"_____."

A. I'd love to, but I've got a pretty tight schedule today.

B. No more time for me. I have to work with my boss.

C. I wish I had been free yesterday to have time with you.

D. Excuse me; however, I'm so busy all day from morning.

16. David is talking to his friend, Monica.

- David: “_____________.” - Monica: “Good luck to you”.

A. I don’t like rock music B. Have a nice day

C. I’m taking a test this afternoon D. How do you do?

17. Customer: "Can I try this jumper on?" - Salesgirl: "_____"

A. No, the shop is closed in half an hour

B. Sorry, only cash is accepted here

C. Yes, it costs one hundred and fifty dollars

D. Sure, the changing rooms are over there

18. Laura and David are talking about the benefits of swimming.

- Laura: “I think swimming helps us exercise all our muscles.” - David:“________”

A. You can do it. Thanks anyway B. There is no doubt about it

C. Not at [Link] can make it D. Yes, swimming does, too

19. After finishing the duty at the company at 6 p.m.

- Anna: “Shall we eat out tonight? ” - Jane: “___________”

A. It is very kind of you to invite me. B. You are very welcome.

C. That’s a great idea. D. That’s understandable.

Task 3: For questions 31-35, read the text and then choose the correct answer.
 Passage 1
The table tennis match was very enjoyable before someone lit a cigarette and ruined the evening.
After (31)_______ smoking, they let the cigarette fall on the wooden floor. Unfortunately, they
dropped it without putting it out but nobody paid any attention to it. Even the woman (32)_______
sitting next to the man with the cigarette did not notice. Soon, however, there was a lot of smoke.
Suddenly, flames (33)_______ up into the air. Someone immediately ran out of the room to phone
the fire brigade.
Two or three men got some buckets of water (34)_______ the fire, but it was useless. Everyone in
the large hall (35)_______ very frightened. The next moment people rushed towards the main
doors. Before the fire brigade arrived the whole building was on fire. On entering the burning
building, one of the firemen succeeded in rescuing an old woman.
31. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. finishes
32. A. she was B. was C. who was D. she
33. A. shoot B. shoots C. shooting D. shot
34. A. putting out B. to put out C. they put out D. put out
35. A. was B. were C. has D. have

Passage 3
For many people, traveling by plane is an exciting experience. Others, however, find the whole idea
quite terrifying, (31)__________ flying is no more dangerous than any other form of travel, and
some experts say it is considerably safer. It is known, however, that most accidents occur
(32)__________ taking off and landing when a pilot’s decisions are vitally important.
The people (33)__________ job is to look after the passengers, the stewards and stewardesses, play
an important part in helping passengers to feel safe and comfortable. Indeed, for many passengers,
being (34)__________ such care of is all part of the total experience. (35)__________ other form
of travel involves waiting for people in quite the same way, with food, drink, newspapers,
magazines, music, and even video films.
31. A. and B. too C. although D. because
32. A. through B. during C. for D. while
33. A. whose B. their C. which D. that
34. A. given B. kept C. shown D. taken
35. A. any B. no C. all D. not

Passage 4
One common (31) _______ about studying online is that you lose the social side of things; there’s
less human contact and so (32) _______can be boring. To deal with this, I try to make sure students
use all the tools available to them – I send them sound and video files, (33) ________different apps,
make quizzes for them, and so on. This helps keep things interesting and stops students (34) ______
bored. I also try my best to allow a range of different options: for example, I provide homework as
a written text, a video and a PowerPoint, (35) ______ students can answer using video, voice
messages or text in the chat box.
31. A. complain B. complaining C. complaint D. complained
32. A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learnt
33. A. recommend B. to recommend C. recommending D. recommended
34. A. get B. to get C. got D. getting
35. A. when B. while C. during D. besides

Passage 4
Alex Fraser lived his entire life in a small town in the North of England. He never left the house
(31)__________ he had been born, never married, never went on holiday, and had no friends. He
worked in a local factory for over forty years, but even the people who had worked with him for
years (32)__________ very little about him. He wore the same old clothes year in, year out, and
although he shopped yearly at the local store, he bought only the most basic foodstuffs, never
changing his purchases from one week to the next.
So (33)__________ he died last month, neighbours and local people were astonished to learn that
Mr Fraser was not just a rich man; he was, in fact, (34)__________ millionaire. He had no bank
account, no money invested anywhere, but in the various drawers, cupboards, and boxes in his
house. There were hundreds and thousands of bank notes and coins. It took police over two weeks
(35)__________ the house, and the bank clerks took just as long to count all the money.
31. A. which B. where C. who D. what
32. A. knew B. know C. to know D. knowing
33. A. while B. during C. when D. that
34. A. this B. one C. the D. a
35. A. to clear B. clearing C. cleared D. clear

Task 4: For questions 36-40, fill in each blank with ONE suitable word to complete the text.
(CHECK LẠI BÀI TẬP ÔN GIỮA KỲ CHO PHẦN NÀY)
Bicycle safety
Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is one of the first experiences
children have of the idea of obeying the law. However, a large number of children (36)......are......
left to learn the rules by trial and error; instead of being guided by experienced adults. Every year,
hundreds of children visit the doctor or the hospital casualty department after crashing on their
bikes. This could (37).....be.......easily prevented by teaching them the basics of bicycle safety.
Ideally, children should be allowed to ride only in safe places, such as parks and cycle tracks. When
this is not possible, and they are permitted (38) ........to... go on the road, it is important to teach
them three basic safety principles.
First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, (39) .....which........ include traffic
signs, signals and road markings. Second, they should always wear a helmet. Studies have shown
that wearing bicycle helmets can reduce head injuries by up to 85 per cent. In many places, helmets
are required by law, particularly for children. Finally, children should be made to understand the
importance of riding in areas that are brightly lit and of wearing clothes that make
(40) ......them.......... clearly visible on the road.

Collecting things
A new book has just come out with the title To Have and to Hold. According to the title, it would
seem just a story of collecting and collectors, but actually it goes much further (36)____than______
that. As well as telling us about great collectors of the past, it also investigates the reasons why
people collect things.
In past centuries, only wealthy people could afford to travel and most collections started with
just a (37) __________ strange objects which had been brought on trips abroad. In the days before
photography and television, this was the only way people could see objects from other cultures.
Gradually, museums were established so that ordinary people would be (38) __________ to see
these treasures too.
These days, everyone seems to be a collector. The book describes collectors as the «
archaeologists of the present» and it contains some fascinating interviews. For instance, there's the
man (39) __________ has 50,000 items of food packaging stored in his home, and the teenager
willing to spend large sums of money on the rare Star Wars toy that can complete her collection. In
explaining why we collect things, however, the book sees no difference (40) __________ great art
collectors and teenagers collecting items related to their favorite pop stars. The social and
psychological explanations for collecting, it says, are much the same.

Wildlife writer
David Lewis is a wildlife writer and photographer who has travelled to many parts of the world.
He (36)___________being interviewed by Anna Douglas. One of his books was based on wild
animals in South America - principally the armadillo.
However, he has spent the last 18 months studying the urban fox in London, (37)_______ he
lives. He made up his mind about his new project while travelling back home by train. It was about
half past three in the afternoon and suddenly he noticed what he thought was a brown dog sitting in
the sunshine. Then he realized it wasn't a dog, it was a fox.
People usually think that foxes like open country, but there are foxes that now live on the
outskirts of London, (38)_________ instance, near Crystal Palace Park. David is fairly convinced
that, most certainly, these few specimens came following the railway tracks. They don't seem
particularly aggressive as they can easily get food in dustbins, rubbish dumps, which provide rich
pickings not (39)_________ for foxes but also for cats.
 So far, in his studies he has found no (40) _______ of foxes attacking domestic animal. In the
Wild, they sometimes attack lambs.
The Eden Project
The Eden Project is the original idea of a man called Tim Smith. He wanted (36) ___________
explain the importance of plants to humans. From this, the Eden project developed.
The project is in the town of St. Austell, (37) __________ is in Cornwall in the south of England,
and it covers an area as big as 35 football pitches. It consists of two huge covered conservatories, or
Biomes. There are over 100,000 plants representing 5,000 species from many of the world's
climatic zones. The Humid Tropics Biome is (38) __________ largest greenhouse in the world. It is
home to plants of the rainforest such as bananas, rubber, cocoa and coffee.
The Warm Temperate Biome (39) __________ filled with plants from the Mediterranean region of
the world. Outside sunflowers, hemp, tea, and many other British plants grow. (40) __________
you visit The Eden Project, you won't be disappointed. Entertainment and education are central to
the project and there are all sorts of events including art, lectures, storytelling, drama, and music.

-----THE END-----
A2. Find AN ERROR in each of the following sentences

31. If she will study harder, she can pass the exam without any difficulty.STUDIES
32. The book what I borrowed from the library is very interesting.WHICH
33. She went to the market yesterday, but she didn’t buy anything because she was forgetting her
wallet at home.HAD FORGOTTEN
34. When you will make a promise, you tell someone that you will definitely give them something
that you definitely will or won't do something.MAKE
35. The employees that work in the customer service department answers emails and phone calls
every day.ANSWER
36. If the company had taken the consultant’s advice earlier, it will have avoided the financial
losses that occurred during the last quarter of 2024.WOULD
37. I don't know who is he talking to on the phone right now.HE IS TALKING
38. She studied hard for the test and passed it easily, wasn't she?DIDN’T SHE
39. Not until he apologized sincerely she agreed to talk to him again.DID SHE AGREE
40. She was cooking dinner when the phone rings, so she didn’t answer it and just kept chopping
vegetables.RANG
Question 31. (A) It is (B) obviously that he is (C) leaving at (D) the moment.
A. It [Link] C. leaving D. the OBVIOUS
Question 32. Most (A) important, let’s (B) consider the issue (C) of memory-improvement (D)
courses.
A. important B. consider C. of D. courses  IMPORTANTLY
Question 33. (A) They turned (B) off Jack’s electricity (C) besides he forgot to pay (D) utility
A. the B. off C. besides D. utilityBECAUSE
Question 34. (A) Whichever they (B) might do for (C) us is really (D) necessary.
A. Whichever B. might C. us D. necessary  WHATEVER
Question 35. Someone (A) said that all (B) men are born (C) truthful and (D) died liars.
A. said B. men C. truthful D. died DIE
Question 36. (A) The equipment in (B) the building should be (C) replacing very (D) soon.
A. The B. the C. replacing D. soon REPLACED
Question 37. (A) Rare has (B) the pilot read (C) such a great story by this (D) authour.
A. rare B. the C. such D. authour RARELY
Question 38. An American (A) screamed at them while (B) signals them to (C) stop, whereas (D)
nothing happened.
A. screamed B. signals C. stop D. nothing SIGNAILING
Question 39. Ann (A) told me (B) that her boss (C) is on holiday, so she was (D) running the
A. told B. that C. is D. running WAS
Question 40. Macron (A) asked Jimmy (B) whether Suzuki (C) could come (D) today.
A. asked B. whether C. could D. today THAT DAY
27. London is the largest city in the United Kingdom, isn’t the city?  IT
28. I was tired because I work in the garden all morning. HAD WORKED
29. She was cooking dinner when someone was knocking on the door. WAS KNOCKED
30. Lisa wishes she goes to the concert with her friends yesterday.HAD GONE
31. Hiroko was born in Sapporo, where is a city in Japan. WHICH
32. If I was taller, I could reach the top shelf easily.  WERE
33. Tomorrow at this time, I study in the library.  WILL BE STUDYING
34. She has already finished the assignment when the teacher asked for it. HAD ALREADY
35. Beside music appreciation and singing, girls also scored higher responding mean than boys
for playing the recorder and other instruments. BESIDES