Introduction
Mohammad Hossen Sohrawardy
Lecturer, Computer Science & Engineering
New Model Degree College
Digital Computer System
A digital computer system has three components:
1. CPU
Peripheral Devices
2. Memory
3. Peripheral Adapter
Peripheral Device
A peripheral device is a device that is connected to a computer system but is not a part of the core
computer system architecture.
• Provides input/output functions for a computer
• Serves as an auxiliary computer device without computing-intensive functionality
• Are not essential for the computer to perform its basic tasks
• Can be thought of as an enhancement to the user’s experience
Peripheral devices are generally classified into 3 basic categories:
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Storage Devices
4. Communication Devices (Apart from the basic categories)
1. Input Device
An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information
processing system, such as a computer.
• A physical piece of hardware that connects to a primary device, such as a computer, to provide
user input.
• It converts incoming data and instructions into a pattern of electrical signals in binary code
Example:
• Keyboard,
• Mouse,
• Scanner,
• Microphone etc.
1. Input Device
Keyboard: A keyboard is an input device that allows users to enter text and commands into a
computer system.
Mouse: A mouse is an input device that allows users to control the cursor on a computer screen.
Scanner: A scanner is an input device that allows users to convert physical documents and images
into digital files.
Microphone: A microphone is an input device that allows users to record audio.
2. Output Device
An output device is a piece of hardware used to receive data from the computer and convert it into
a human-perceptible form.
• Reverse of the input process and translates the digitized signals into a form intelligible to
the user.
Example:
• Monitors,
• Headphones,
• Printers etc.
2. Output Device
Monitor: A monitor is an output device that displays visual information from a computer system.
Printer: A printer is an output device that produces physical copies of documents or images.
Speaker: A speaker is an output device that produces audio.
3. Storage Device
Storage devices are used to store data in the system which is required for performing any operation
in the system.
• The storage device is one of the most requirement devices and provide better compatibility.
Example:
• Hard disk,
• magnetic tape,
• Flash memory
• External Hard Disk etc.
4. Communication Device
Communication devices are used to connect a computer system to other devices or networks.
Example:
• Modem,
• Network Card,
• Router etc.
Network Interface Wireless Network Network Access
Modem
Card Interface Card Point Transceivers
4. Communication Device
Modem: A modem is a communication device that allows a computer system to connect to the
internet.
Network Card: A network card is a communication device that allows a computer system to
connect to a network.
Router: A router is a communication device that allows multiple devices to connect to a network.
Advantage of Peripherals Devices
• It is helpful for taking input very easily.
• It is also provided a specific output.
• It has a storage device for storing information or data
• It also improves the efficiency of the system.
Interfacing
An interface is a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer
system exchange information.
• An interface is a physical device, port, or connection that interacts with the computer or other
hardware device.
• Interface is the path for communication between two components.
Example
• IDE and SATA are disk drive interfaces for
computer hard drives
• ATAPI is an early interface for CD-ROM
drives.
SATA ATAPI
Types of Interfacing
There are two types of interfacing-
1. Memory interfacing
2. I/O interfacing
1. Memory interfacing
• When we are executing any instruction, we need the microprocessor to access the memory for
reading instruction codes and the data stored in the memory.
• For this, both the memory and the microprocessor requires some signals to read from and write
to registers.
• The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory
signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor.
2. I/O interfacing
• There are various communication devices (I/O devices) like the keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.
• So, we need to interface the keyboard and other devices with the microprocessor by using latches
and buffers.
Simple Block Diagram of Memory and I/O Interfacing
Types of Interfacing
Depending on the way of communication, interfaces are two types.
1. Serial Communication Interface
2. Parallel Communication interface
1. Serial Communication Interface− In this type of communication, the interface gets a single byte
of data from the microprocessor and sends it bit by bit to the other system serially and vice-a-
versa.
2. Parallel Communication Interface− In this type of communication, the interface gets a byte of
data from the microprocessor and sends it bit by bit to the other systems in simultaneous (or)
parallel fashion and vice-a-versa.
Serial vs Parallel Communication
Serial vs Parallel Communication
Serial vs Parallel Interface
Serial vs Parallel Interface
Interfacing Method
Data passed between I/O port and Peripheral devices depending on the number of transmission
channels.
There are three types of interfacing method. These are-
• Simplex
• Half- Duplex
• Full Duplex
Importance of Peripherals & Interfacing
• Without computer peripheral interface we cannot connect various interfacing devices with computer
and that makes limited uses of computer.
• Without computer peripherals we cannot use extensive facilities of computer.
• Without computer peripherals we cannot control and command the computer.
• Without computer peripherals we cannot input anything into the computers.
• Without computer peripherals the computer can't be show us any output result.
• Without computer peripherals the peripheral devices like mouse, printers, scanners is useless.
• Without computer peripherals the computer can't make valuable to the market.
• Without computer peripherals we cannot store anything to the computer.
Time’s Up!