Unit 2-Linear equations and inequalities

Lesson 1-Solving linear equations and inequalities

Guiding question: How can we use linear equations and inequalities to solve real world
problems?

Learn: Solving linear equations

Example 1: Solve the following equation

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Example 2-Write and solve an equation
The diameter of Earth is 828 kilometers less than twice the diameter of Mars. If Earth
has a diameter of 12,756 kilometers, what is the diameter of Mars?

Part A Write an equation that represents the situation.

Part B Solve the equation.

Part A

Part B

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Example 3-Solve for a variable
GEOMETRY The formula for the perimeter of a parallelogram is P = 2a + 2b where a
and b represent the measures of the bases. Solve the equation for b.

Learn: Solutions, roots, and zeroes

For our purpose, _____________ = ______________ = ________________

Example 4-Solving a linear equation by graphing

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Learn: Inequality symbols

Important note: Multiplying or dividing an inequality by a negative flips the

sign. E.g. > becomes < , ≤ becomes ≥ , and vice versa.

The _________________________ can be expressed by using set-builder

notation. For example, {x | x > 1} represents the set of all numbers x such that x
is greater than 1. The solution sets can also be graphed on number lines. Circles
and dots are used to indicate whether an endpoint is included in the solution. The
circle at 1 means that this point is _____________________ in the solution set.

Example 5- Solve a linear inequality

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Lesson 2-Solving absolute value equations and inequalities

Guiding question: How can we apply our knowledge of algebra to solve

equations involving absolute value?

Learn: Solving absolute value equations algebraically

The absolute value of a number is _________________________________. The
definition of absolute value can be used to solve equations that contain absolute value
expressions by constructing two cases.

Absolute value equations may have one, two, or no solutions.

•An absolute value equation has _____________ if one of the answers does not
meet the constraints of the problem. Such an answer is called an
__________________________.

•An absolute value equation has ____________ if there is no answer that meets
the constraints of the problem. The solution set of this type of equation is called
the ____________, symbolized by {} or Ø.

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Example 1- Solve an absolute value equation
Solve 2|5x + 1| − 9 = 4x + 17. Check your solutions. Then graph the solution set.

Check
Graph the solution set of |5x − 3| − 6 = −2x + 12.

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Example 2-Extraneous solution
Solve 2|x + 1| − x = 3x − 4. Check your solutions.

Example 3-Empty Set

Solve |4x − 7| + 10 = 2

Example 4-NFL air pressure

The NFL regulates the inflation, or air pressure, of footballs used during games. It
requires that footballs have an air pressure of 13 pounds per square inch (PSI),
plus or minus 0.5 PSI. What is the greatest and least acceptable air pressure of a
regulation NFL football?

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Learn-Absolute value inequalities
When solving absolute value inequalities, there are _____________ to consider.
These two cases can be rewritten as a _____________ inequality.

Land of Gor

If the absolute value is , ax + b < c ax + b > −c

If the absolute value is , ax + b > c ax + b < −c

Example 5-Solve an absolute value inequality

Solve |4x − 8| − 5 < 11. Then graph the solution set.

Because the inequality uses _____, rewrite it as a compound inequality joined by

the word ________.

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Example 6-Solve an absolute value inequality

Since the inequality uses ___________, rewrite as a compound inequality using

the word ____________.

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Lesson 3-Equations of linear functions

Guiding question: How do the different forms of linear equations relate to

one another?

Learn: Standard form

Any linear equation can be written in standard form, ,

where A ≥ 0, A and B are not both 0, and A, B, and C are with a
greatest common factor of 1.

Example 1: Write linear equation in standard form

A=​ ​ ​ ​ ​ B=​ ​ ​ ​ C=

Check
Write 2y = 10x − 16 in standard form. Identify A, B, and C.

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Learn: Slope-intercept form
The equation of a linear function can also be written in ,y
= mx + b, where m is the and b is the .

The slope is ___________=_____. This value can be substituted for m in the

slope-intercept form.

The line intersects the y-axis at 1. This value can be substituted for b in the
slope-intercept form.

Example 2: Write in slope-intercept form

Write 12x − 4y = 24 in slope-intercept form. Identify the slope m and y-intercept b.

m = _______ b = ________

Example 3: Write and use a linear equation

In 2013, there were 1.31 billion smartphone users worldwide. By 2017, there were
2.38 billion smartphone users. Write and use an equation to estimate the number
of users in 2025.

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Learn: Point-slope form

The equation of a linear function can be written in point-slope form,

______________________, where m is the slope and (x1 , y1) are the
coordinates of ______________________.

Example 5: Point-slope form given one point and the slope

Write the equation of a line that passes through (3, −5) and has a slope of 11 in
point-slope form.

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Example 6-Point-slope given two points

Write an equation of a line that passes through (1, 1) and (7, 13) in point-slope
form.
Step 1 Find the slope.

Step 2 Write an equation.

Example 7-Leaning Tower of Pisa

The Tower of Pisa began tilting during its construction in 1178 and continued to
move until a restoration effort reduced the lean and stabilized the structure. The
Tower of Pisa leaned 5.4 meters in 1993 compared to a lean of just 1.4 meters in
1350. Write an equation in point-slope form that represents the lean y in meters
of the Tower of Pisa x years after its construction in 1178.

Part 1: Find the slope, round to the nearest hundredth

The tower was leaning _________ meters in __________, 172 years after 1178.
The tower was leaning _________ meters in __________, 815 years after 1178.
( , ) and ( , )

Part 2: Write an equation

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Lesson 4- Solving systems of equations graphically

Guiding question: How can we use graphs to solve systems of equations?

Learn: Systems of equations

A is a set of two or more equations with the same
variables. One method for solving a system of equations is to graph the related
function for each equation on the same coordinate plane. The ______________
_____________ of the two graphs represents the .

Types of graphs

Equations

Solutions

Classifications

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Example 1-Classify Systems of equations
Determine the number of solutions the system has. Then state whether the
system of equations is consistent or inconsistent and whether it is independent or
dependent.

2y = 6x − 14

3x − y = 7

The equations have the same _______________________. Thus, both

equations represent the same line and the system has ____________________.
The system is _________________ and ___________________.

Check
Determine the number of solutions and classify the system of equations.

3x − 2y = −7

4y = 9 − 6x

Example 2-Solve a system of equations by graphing

Solve the system of equations.

5x − y = 3

−x + y = 5

Solve each equation for y. They have _______________________, so there is

_____________________. Graph the system.
The lines appear to intersect at one point, ( , ).

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Example 3-Solve a system of equations
Solve the system of equations.

7x + 2y = 16

−21x − 6y = 24

The equations have the __________________________________________.

So, these equations represent ______________________, and there is no
solution. You can graph each equation on the same grid to confirm that they do
not intersect.

Example 4-Application
Suppose an electric car costs $29,000 to purchase and $0.036 per mile to drive,
and a gasoline-powered car costs $19,000 to purchase and $0.08 per mile to
drive. Estimate after how many miles of driving the total cost of each car will be
the same.
Part A Write equations for the total cost of owning each type of car.

Part B Examine the graph to estimate the number of miles you would have to
drive before the cost of owning each type of car would be the same.

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Learn: Solving using a graphing calculator

Desmos (or another graphing calculator) is a great tool to use to solve. You enter
your equations and Desmos will highlight the point of intersection. Let’s try that
out in the next couple of examples.

Example 5-Solving using a graphing calculator

Use a graphing calculator to solve the system of equations.

3.5y − 5.6x = 18.2

−0.7x − y = −2.4

Solution: ____________

Example 6- Solve using a system of related equations

Use Desmos to solve 4.5x − 3.9 = 6.5 − 2x by using a system of equations.

Step 1 Write a system.

Set each side of 4.5x − 3.9 = 6.5 − 2x equal to y to create a system of equations.

y=

y=

Step 2: Graph the system

Step 3: Find the point of intersection

Solution: ______________

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Lesson 5-Solving systems of equations algebraically

Guiding Question: How can we solve systems of equations using algebra?

Learn: Solve systems by substitution

One algebraic method to solve a system of equations is a process called

substitution, in which one equation is ________________________ in terms of
the other.

Example 1-Solving by substitution

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Example 2-Solving when there is not exactly 1 solution

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Example 3-Apply the substitution method
Ms. Washington is preparing a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. She will need
300 milliliters of a 5% HCl solution for her class to use during a lab. If she has a
3.5% HCl solution and a 7% HCl solution, how much of each solution should she
use in order to make the solution needed?

Let x be the amount of 3.5% solution and y be the amount of 7% solution.

Learn: Elimination method

Systems of equations may be solved algebraically using elimination, which is
the process of using __________________________ to eliminate one variable.

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Example 4-Elimination when there is exactly one solution

Example 5-Multiply both equations before using elimination

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Lesson 6-Solving systems of inequalities

Guiding question: How do systems of inequalities get solved in relation to

systems of equations?

Learn: Solving systems of inequalities in two variables

A ______________________ is a set of two or more inequalities with the same

variables. The _________________ is the intersection of the graphs. Ordered
pairs within the feasible region are viable solutions. The feasible region may be
__________, if the graph of the system is a polygonal region, or ____________ if
it forms a region that is open.

Example 1: Unbounded region

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Example 2: Bounded region

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Example 3-Use systems to solve problems
A Niagara Falls boat tour company charges $19.50 for adult tickets and $11 for
children’s tickets. Each boat has a capacity of 600 passengers, including 8 crew
members. Suppose the company’s operating cost for one boat tour is $2750.
Write and graph a system of inequalities to represent the situation so the
company will make a profit on each tour. Then, identify some viable solutions.

Inequality 1:​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Inequality 2:

Inequality 3:​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Inequality 4:

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Lesson 7- Optimization with linear programming

Guiding question: How can we use algebraic systems to find the optimal solution
to a problem?

Learn: Finding maximum and minimum values

Linear programming is the process of finding the maximum or minimum values

of a function for a region defined by a _______________________________.

Example 1- Maximum and minimum values

Step 1: Graph the inequalities

Step 2: List the vertices:

( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )

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Step 3: Evaluate the function at each vertice

(x, y) -2x + 6y f(x, y)

Step 4: Determine the maximum and minimum

Example 2- Maximum and minimum for an unbounded region

Graph the system of inequalities. Name the coordinates of the vertices of the
feasible region. Find the maximum and minimum values of the function for this
region.

Step 1: Graph the inequalities

Step 2: List the vertices of the F.R.

The vertices of the F.R. are:

( , ) ( , ) ( , )

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Learn: Optimization and linear programming

Optimization is the process of seeking the optimal value of a function subject to

given constraints.

Step 1 ______________________.
Step 2 Write a system of inequalities.
Step 3 ________________________________________.
Step 4 Find the coordinates of the vertices of the feasible region.
Step 5 _____________________________________________.
Step 6 Evaluate the function at each vertex by substituting the coordinates into
the function.
Step 7 _________________________________.

Example 3-Optimization

Avoree has a 30-square-foot plot in the school greenhouse and wants to plant
lettuce and cucumbers while minimizing the amount of water she uses for them.
Each cucumber requires 2.25 square feet of space and uses 25 gallons of water
over the lifetime of the plant. Each lettuce plant requires 1.5 square feet of space
and uses 17 gallons of water. She wants to grow at least 4 of each type of plant
and at least 16 plants in total. Determine how many of each plant Avoree should
plot in order to minimize her water usage.

Step 1 Define the variables:

Step 2 Write a system of inequalities:

Steps 3 and 4 Graph the inequalities and

find the vertices of F.R.

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Step 5 Write a linear function to be minimized:

Check
A new soccer team is being created for a professional soccer league, and they
need to hire at least ten new players. They need five to eight defenders and
seven to ten forwards, and they want to minimize the amount they spend on
these players' salaries so they have enough money remaining to hire
goalkeepers and midfielders. Determine the number of forwards x and defenders
y they should hire to minimize the cost.

Position Minimum Maximum Salary per Player ($)

forward x 7 10 120,000
defender y 5 8 100,000

The least amount of money that the team can spend is $_____________
by hiring ______ forwards and _____ defenders.

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Lesson 8-Solving systems in 3 variables

The graph of an equation in three variables is a plane. The graph of a system of

equations in three variables is an intersection of planes.

Learn: Solutions to a system of 3 variables

•Note: A system of 3 variables requires 3 equations

•Solutions can come in 3 ways

1.​ A single point called an ___________________

2.​ A line represented by the equation of the line
3.​ Or the planes ______________________ and there is no solution

Example 1-Solve a system in 3 variables

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Example 2-Infinitely many solutions

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