DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)

Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 1
Python Language Basics and Data Structures

1 . Define scalar types in Python.

Scalar types represent single data values in Python. Examples include int, float,
complex, and bool.

2. What is control flow in Python?

Control flow determines the order in which program statements are executed.
It is implemented using conditional statements and looping constructs.

3. What is the purpose of if–else statement?

The if–else statement is used for decision making. It executes one block when the
condition is true and another when it is false.

4. Define tuple in Python

A tuple is an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses. Tuples are

immutable, so their values cannot be changed Nov/Dec 2019

5. What is a list?

A list is an ordered and mutable collection of elements enclosed in square

brackets. It allows insertion, deletion, and modification of elements. Nov/Dec
2018

6. Differentiate between list and tuple.

A list is mutable and its elements can be modified. A tuple is immutable and
does not allow modification.
7. Define dictionary in Python.

A dictionary is a collection of key–value pairs used for fast data access. Each
key is unique and maps to a value. Apr/May 2021

8. What is a set?

A set is an unordered collection of unique elements. It does not allow duplicate

values. Nov/Dec 2020

9. What are built-in sequence functions?

Built-in sequence functions operate on sequences like lists and tuples. Examples
include len() and max().Apr/May 2022

10. What is list comprehension?

List comprehension provides a concise way to create lists using expressions and
loops. It improves code readability and efficiency.

11. What is set comprehension?

Set comprehension creates a set using expressions and iteration. It automatically

removes duplicate elements. Apr/May 2021

12. Define dictionary comprehension.

Dictionary comprehension is used to create dictionaries using key–value

expressions. It provides a compact and readable syntax.

13. What is a function in Python?

A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Functions

help in modular programming. Nov/Dec 2018

14. What is a namespace?

A namespace is a container that maps variable names to objects. It helps avoid

naming conflicts in programs.

15. Explain scope in Python.

Scope defines the region where a variable can be accessed. Python supports
local, global, and built-in scopes.
16. What is a local function?

A local function is a function defined inside another function. It can be

accessed only within the enclosing function. Apr/May 2022

17. How does Python return multiple values from a function?

Python returns multiple values as a tuple. These values can be unpacked into
separate variables. Nov/Dec 2020

18. Explain “functions are objects” in Python.

In Python, functions are treated as objects. They can be assigned to variables

and passed as arguments.

19. What is file handling in Python?

File handling allows reading and writing data to files. It enables permanent
storage of data. Apr/May 2021

20. Mention any two file modes in Python.

r mode is used to read data from a file.
w mode is used to write data to a file.

Part B
[Link] Python scalar types and control flow statements with examples.
2. Describe about tuples and lists with their operations.
3. Write about dictionaries and sets with suitable examples.
4. Explain built-in sequence functions in Python. Nov/Dec 2019
5. Elaborate list, set, and dictionary comprehensions with examples.
6. Explain Python functions and namespacesNov/Dec 2018
7. Discuss about scope and local functions in Python.
8. Explain returning multiple values and functions as objects. Apr/May 2021
9. With example explain about file handling in Python with modes of operation.
[Link] interaction between Python programs and the operating system.
Apr/May 2022
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 2

1. What is NumPy?
NumPy is a Python library used for numerical and scientific computing. It provides support
for large, multi-dimensional arrays and mathematical functions.

2. Define ndarray in NumPy.

An ndarray is a multidimensional array object in NumPy. It stores elements of the same data
type in contiguous memory.

3. Mention any two advantages of NumPy arrays.

NumPy arrays provide faster computation compared to Python lists. They support vectorized
operations and efficient memory usage. Nov/Dec 2020

4. What is meant by multidimensional array?

A multidimensional array contains more than one dimension, such as rows and columns.
It is commonly used to represent matrices and tensors. Nov/Dec 2018

5. What are universal functions (ufuncs) in NumPy?

Universal functions perform fast element-wise operations on arrays. They support operations
like addition, subtraction, and trigonometric functions.

6. Give two examples of NumPy universal functions.

Examples of universal functions include [Link]() and [Link](). They operate on each
element of the array efficiently. Nov/Dec 2021

7. What is element-wise operation in NumPy?

Element-wise operation applies an operation to each array element individually.

It eliminates the need for explicit loops in Python.

8. Define array-oriented programming.

Array-oriented programming focuses on operations applied to entire arrays. It improves
performance and simplifies numerical computations

9. What is broadcasting in NumPy? Apr/May 2021

Broadcasting allows NumPy to perform operations on arrays of different shapes. It

automatically expands smaller arrays to match larger ones.

10. What is vectorization in NumPy?

Vectorization replaces explicit loops with array expressions. It results in faster execution and
cleaner code.

11. How does NumPy support file input and output?

NumPy provides functions like save(), load(), and loadtxt(). These functions store and
retrieve array data from files Apr/May 2022

12. What is loadtxt() function used for?

loadtxt() is used to read numerical data from text files into arrays. It is commonly used for
importing dataset files. Nov/Dec 2021

13. Define linear algebra in NumPy.

Linear algebra in NumPy involves matrix operations like multiplication and inversion. It is
supported through the [Link] module.

14. Mention any two linear algebra operations supported by NumPy.

Matrix multiplication and determinant calculation are supported.

These operations are performed using optimized numerical algorithms.

15. What is the use of [Link]()?

[Link]() is used to compute the inverse of a matrix. It is applicable only for

square and non-singular matrices.

16. What is pseudorandom number generation?

Pseudorandom numbers are generated using deterministic algorithms. They appear random
but can be reproduced using a seed value.

17. What is the purpose of [Link] module?

The [Link] module generates random numbers for simulations. It supports various
probability distributions.

18. What is seed in random number generation?

A seed initializes the random number generator. Using the same seed produces the same
sequence of random numbers.

19. Differentiate between Python list and NumPy array.

Python lists can store heterogeneous data types. NumPy arrays store homogeneous data and
support faster computation.

20. State one application of NumPy

NumPy is widely used in data science and machine learning. It supports efficient numerical
and matrix computations. Nov/Dec 2020

Part B
[Link] the NumPy ndarray object with its features and advantages. Illustrate with
suitable examples.

[Link] universal functions in NumPy. Explain how element-wise operations

improve performance in array computations. Apr/May 2019

[Link] array-oriented programming in NumPy. Discuss the concepts of vectorization

and broadcasting with examples.

[Link] the various methods available in NumPy for file input and output operations.
Explain with examples.

[Link] the linear algebra operations supported by NumPy. Discuss matrix

multiplication, inverse, and determinant. Nov/Dec 2019

[Link] pseudorandom number generation in NumPy. Explain the use of random

number generators and seed values. Apr/May 2019

[Link] Python lists with NumPy arrays. Explain the advantages of NumPy arrays
for numerical computations.

[Link] the role of NumPy in scientific and data-intensive applications. Discuss its
importance in data analytics.

[Link] how NumPy supports efficient multidimensional array operations. Discuss

memory layout and performance benefits. Apr/May 2022

[Link] the [Link] module and its functions. Discuss different probability
distributions supported by NumPy. Nov/Dec 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 3
Pandas Basics
Part A

1. What is Pandas?

Pandas is a Python library used for data manipulation and analysis. It provides efficient data
structures for handling structured data.

2. Define Pandas Series.

A Series is a one-dimensional labeled array in Pandas. It can store data of different data
types.

3. What is a DataFrame in Pandas?

A DataFrame is a two-dimensional data structure with rows and columns. It is used to store
and manipulate tabular data. Nov/Dec 2018

4. Mention any two advantages of Pandas.

Pandas supports easy data handling and fast data operations. It provides built-in functions for
data analysis. Nov/Dec 2020

5. What is meant by loading data in Pandas?

Loading data refers to reading external data into Pandas structures. It supports formats like
CSV, Excel, and databases.

6. What is the use of read_csv() function?

read_csv() is used to load data from a CSV file into a DataFrame. It is commonly used for
importing datasets.

7. What is data aggregation in Pandas?

Data aggregation summarizes data for analysis purposes. It is commonly performed using the
groupby() function. Apr/May 2022

8. Define descriptive statistics.

Descriptive statistics summarize the main features of a dataset. They include measures like
mean, median, and standard deviation.

9. What is the use of describe() function?

describe() generates summary statistics of numerical data. It provides count, mean, min,
max, and percentile values. Nov/Dec 2020

10. What is data cleaning?

Data cleaning is the process of correcting or removing incorrect data. It improves data quality
for accurate analysis.

11. What is data preprocessing?

Data preprocessing prepares raw data for analysis or modeling. It includes cleaning,
transformation, and normalization steps. Nov/Dec 2021

12. How are missing values handled in Pandas?

Missing values can be handled using dropna() or fillna(). These methods remove or
replace missing data. Apr/May 2022

13. What are outliers?

Outliers are data values that significantly differ from other values. They can affect the
accuracy of statistical analysis.

14. What is the use of groupby() function?

groupby() groups data based on one or more columns. It is used to perform aggregate
operations on grouped data. Nov/Dec 2019

15. What is data transformation?

Data transformation converts data into a suitable [Link] includes scaling, encoding, and
normalization.

16. What is normalization in data preprocessing?

Normalization scales data values to a common range. It improves performance in data

analysis and modeling
17. What is indexing in Pandas?

Indexing is used to label and access rows in a DataFrame or Series. It helps in efficient data
selection. Nov/Dec 2018

18. What is the use of head() function?

head() displays the first few rows of a DataFrame. It helps in quickly inspecting the dataset.

19. What is exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

EDA is the process of analyzing datasets to summarize their features. It uses statistics and
visualization techniques.

20. State one application of Pandas.

Pandas is widely used in data analytics and machine learning. It supports efficient data
cleaning and analysis. Nov/Dec 2019

Part B
1. Write about the architecture of Pandas and discuss its importance in data
analysis applications.
2. Describe the core data structures of Pandas. Explain Series and DataFrame with
suitable examples.
3. Explain the various methods used to load data into Pandas. Discuss CSV, Excel,
and database file loading. Nov/Dec 2020
4. Explain the steps involved in understanding and exploring a dataset using
Pandas. Apr/May 2022
5. Describe data aggregation in Pandas. Explain how groupby operations are used
to compute descriptive statistics.
6. Explain descriptive statistical functions available in Pandas. Discuss their role in
data analysis. Apr/May 2021
7. Elaborate the need for data cleaning in real-world datasets. Discuss various data
cleaning techniques in Pandas.
8. Describe data preprocessing steps in Pandas. Explain handling of missing values
and outliers with examples.
9. How are data transformation techniques used in Pandas. Discuss normalization
and encoding methods.
10. Explain the complete workflow of data analysis using Pandas from loading data
to preprocessing. Apr/May 2023
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 4

Data Loading, Storage, and File Formats

Part A

1. What is reading data in text format?

Reading data in text format involves loading plain text or CSV files into Python or Pandas
[Link] allows easy inspection and processing of human-readable data.

2. What is writing data in text format?

Writing data in text format saves structured data to files like CSV or TXT.
It enables sharing and storing data in a readable format.

3. Give one example of a text data reading function in Python.

pandas.read_csv() reads CSV files into a DataFrame. It is commonly used for importing
structured datasets. Nov/Dec 2020

4. What is a binary data format?

Binary data formats store data in a non-readable, compact, and efficient form. Examples
include .npy for NumPy arrays and .parquet for columnar data. Nov/Dec 2019

5. Give one advantage of binary data formats over text formats.

Binary formats are faster to read and write and consume less storage. They are ideal for large
datasets.

6. What is a Web API?

A Web API allows programs to communicate with web services over HTTP. It enables
fetching data from online sources like JSON or XML APIs. Nov/Dec 2020
7. How can Python interact with a Web API?

Python can interact using the requests library to send HTTP requests. The response can be
processed as JSON or text data.

8. What is a database in the context of Python programming?

A database is a structured collection of data stored for retrieval and manipulation. Python
interacts with databases using connectors or libraries like sqlite3 or SQLAlchemy. Nov/Dec
2019

9. How can Python read data from a database?

Python can execute SQL queries using libraries like sqlite3 or pandas.read_sql().
The results are typically loaded into DataFrames for analysis.

10. How can Python write data to a database?

Python can write data using pandas.to_sql() or SQL INSERT statements. This allows
storing processed or computed data back into the database.

11. What is the use of to_csv() function in Pandas?

to_csv() saves a DataFrame to a CSV file. It allows exporting processed data for external
use.

12. What is the use of to_parquet() function in Pandas?

to_parquet() saves a DataFrame in a binary, columnar format. It is efficient for large

datasets and supports fast reading and writing.

13. Define JSON format in the context of Web APIs.

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is commonly

used for transmitting data from web APIs. Nov/Dec 2020

14. What is the difference between text and binary formats?

Text formats are human-readable but slower to process. Binary formats are compact, faster,
and used for large datasets.

15. What is an HTTP GET request in Web API interaction?

An HTTP GET request fetches data from a web server. In Python, it can be performed using
[Link]()

16. What is an SQL query?

An SQL query is a statement used to retrieve or manipulate data in a database.
Python executes SQL queries using connectors like sqlite3.

17. What is the use of read_sql() function in Pandas?

read_sql() reads SQL query results directly into a DataFrame. It simplifies database
integration for data analysis.

18. What is a primary key in a database?

A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a database table. It ensures data integrity
and avoids duplication. Nov/Dec 2019

19. What is the advantage of using APIs over manual data downloads?
APIs allow automated, real-time data fetching and integration. They eliminate the need for
manual downloading and parsing.

20. Give one example of interacting with a remote database using Python.

Using SQLAlchemy, Python can connect to a remote MySQL database. Data can be queried
and stored in Pandas DataFrames for analysis.

Part B

[Link] how data can be read and written in text formats using Python and Pandas.
Illustrate with examples.

[Link] the different binary data formats available in Python. Discuss their advantages
over text formats.

[Link] how Python interacts with Web APIs to fetch data. Discuss GET and POST
requests with examples. Nov/Dec 2020

[Link] JSON format and its importance in Web API interactions. Show how to parse
JSON data in Python.

[Link] the process of connecting to a database using Python. Explain how to read
data from a database into Pandas. Nov/Dec 2019

[Link] how data can be written back to a database from Python. Discuss to_sql()
and SQL INSERT statements.

[Link] text and binary data formats. Explain scenarios where each format is
preferred. Nov/Dec 2020
8. Explain the complete workflow of handling external data in Python: reading from
text, binary files, APIs, and databases. Apr/May 2022

[Link] the role of APIs in automating data collection. Explain fetching, parsing, and
storing API data in Python.

[Link] how Python integrates data from multiple sources including text files,
binary files, web APIs, and databases for data analysis.
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 5

Data Exploration

Part A

1. What is data transformation in Pandas?

Data transformation is the process of changing the structure, format, or values of data to make
it suitable for [Link] includes operations like scaling, encoding, and aggregation.

2. What is string manipulation in Pandas?

String manipulation involves operations like splitting, joining, replacing, and formatting text
data in Series or [Link] helps in cleaning and preparing textual data. Apr/May 2021

3. What is hierarchical indexing?

Hierarchical indexing allows multiple levels of indexing in a DataFrame or Series.

It enables easy access to multi-dimensional data. Nov/Dec 2020

4. What is data wrangling?

Data wrangling is the process of cleaning, structuring, and enriching raw data for analysis.
It includes handling missing values, filtering, and reshaping data.

5. What is combining datasets in Pandas?

Combining datasets involves merging or concatenating multiple [Link] is used to

consolidate data from different sources. Nov/Dec 2019

6. What is merging datasets?

Merging datasets joins DataFrames based on common columns or indices. It is similar to SQL
JOIN operations.
7. What is concatenation of datasets?

Concatenation stacks DataFrames vertically or horizontally. It combines datasets without

requiring a common key.

8. What is reshaping in Pandas?

Reshaping changes the layout or structure of a DataFrame. Examples include melt() and
stack() functions. Apr/May 2022

9. What is pivoting in Pandas?

Pivoting creates a new table where rows become columns or columns become rows.
It summarizes data for easier analysis.

10. What is the use of pivot_table()?

pivot_table() aggregates and reshapes data using one or more index and column variables.
It is useful for summarizing large datasets.

11. What is the difference between merge() and concat()?

merge() combines DataFrames based on a key column (like SQL JOIN).

concat() joins DataFrames along rows or columns without a key.

12. How can string data be cleaned in Pandas?

String data can be cleaned using methods like [Link](), [Link](), and
[Link]().It prepares text for analysis. Apr/May 2022

13. What is the use of stack() function?

stack() compresses columns into rows in a DataFrame. It is used for reshaping data with
hierarchical indexing.

14. What is the use of unstack() function?

unstack() pivots the innermost row index to columns. It is the reverse of stack() and helps
in reshaping data.

15. Give one application of data transformation.

Data transformation is used to normalize numerical features for machine learning.

It ensures consistent scales across datasets. Nov/Dec 2020

16. Give one application of hierarchical indexing.

Hierarchical indexing is used to analyze multi-level time series data. It simplifies selection and
aggregation of grouped data. Apr/May 2022

17. How does [Link]() work in Pandas?

[Link]() splits string values in a Series into multiple parts based on a delimiter.
It is used to extract or separate data from text fields. Nov/Dec 2019

18. How does [Link]() function work?

[Link]() checks if a substring exists in each element of a Series. It is useful for filtering
text data. Apr/May 2021

19. What is the use of [Link]([df1, df2])?

It concatenates two or more DataFrames along rows or columns. It is used to merge datasets
without a common key.

20. What is the difference between melt() and pivot_table()?

melt() transforms columns into rows (long format).pivot_table() aggregates and reshapes
data (wide format).

Part B
[Link] data transformation in Pandas. Discuss common transformation operations
with examples.

[Link] string manipulation in Pandas. Illustrate common operations like splitting,

replacing, and formatting strings.

[Link] hierarchical indexing in Pandas. Explain how it helps in managing multi-level

data. Nov/Dec 2020

[Link] the process of combining and merging datasets in Pandas. Discuss different
types of joins with examples.

[Link] concatenation of datasets in Pandas. Discuss vertical and horizontal

concatenation with examples. Nov/Dec 2019

[Link] reshaping and pivoting in Pandas. Illustrate how melt(), stack(), unstack(),
and pivot_table() work.

[Link] a complete workflow of data wrangling using Pandas: loading data, cleaning,
transforming, combining, and reshaping.

[Link] the importance of data wrangling in data analysis. Explain how it improves
data quality and usability. Apr/May 2022
[Link] the differences between merge(), concat(), and join() in Pandas. Provide
suitable examples.

[Link] how hierarchical indexing, reshaping, and pivoting can be applied together
for analyzing multi-dimensional datasets. Apr/May 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 6

Data Wrangling

Part A
1. What is data aggregation in Pandas?

Data aggregation summarizes data to provide meaningful insights. It includes operations like
sum, mean, count, min, and max on grouped data. Nov/Dec 2019

2. What is a GroupBy object in Pandas?

GroupBy is an object returned after grouping a DataFrame by column(s). It allows performing

aggregate operations on each group separately.

3. What is the split-apply-combine strategy?

Split-apply-combine splits the data into groups, applies a function to each group, and combines
the [Link] is a key concept behind Pandas GroupBy operations.

4. Give one example of an aggregation function in Pandas.

computes the total

[Link]('Category')['Sales'].sum() sales for each category.
Other functions include mean(), count(), min(), and max().

5. What is the use of the apply() function?

apply() applies a custom function to each group or DataFrame row/column. It provides

flexibility beyond built-in aggregation functions. Nov/Dec 2019

6. What is a pivot table in Pandas?

A pivot table summarizes data with rows as indices and columns as variables. It allows
computing aggregate statistics like sum, mean, or count.
7. What is cross-tabulation?

Cross-tabulation displays the frequency of combinations of two or more variables.

It is used to analyze relationships between categorical variables.

8. What is the difference between pivot tables and cross-tabulation?

Pivot tables summarize numerical data using aggregation functions. Cross-tabulation shows
counts or frequencies of categorical variable combinations. Apr/May 2022

9. What are Date and Time data types in Pandas?

Pandas provides datetime64 and Timedelta data types for date and time operations. They
allow performing arithmetic, comparisons, and extraction of date/time components.

10. How can you convert a string column to DateTime in Pandas?

Using pd.to_datetime(column) converts string or object type columns to datetime type.

It enables date-based indexing and analysis.

11. What is the use of resample() in time series data?

resample() aggregates time series data into different frequencies (daily, monthly, yearly).
It is used for summarizing and analyzing temporal data.

12. What is the dt accessor in Pandas?

The dt accessor allows extracting components like year, month, day, hour from datetime
columns. It simplifies date/time feature engineering. Apr/May 2022

13. What is the use of groupby().agg()?

groupby().agg() applies one or more aggregation functions to grouped data. It allows flexible
summary statistics for each group.

14. Give one example of cross-tabulation in Pandas.

counts purchases by [Link] is useful for analyzing

[Link](df['Gender'], df['Purchased'])
relationships between categorical variables.

15. What is hierarchical aggregation?

Hierarchical aggregation performs multiple aggregation functions on grouped data.

Example: [Link]('Category').agg(['sum','mean']) Nov/Dec 2020

16. What is the purpose of pivot_table(index, columns, values, aggfunc) ?

It creates a pivot table specifying row index, column variables, values, and aggregation
function. It is useful for summarizing data in tabular format.

17. What is the use of groupby().size()?

groupby().size() returns the number of entries in each group. It is used to count data points per
category.

18. What is the use of [Link] or [Link]?

It extracts the day of the week from a datetime column (0=Monday, 6=Sunday).
Useful for analyzing patterns in time-series data.

19. What is the difference between groupby() and resample()?

groupby() groups data based on categorical variables. resample() groups time-series data
based on a datetime frequency

20. Give one application of group operations in Pandas.

Group operations are used to compute sales summary per product category or region.
They are widely used in business intelligence and reporting.

Part B
[Link] the GroupBy mechanics in Pandas. Illustrate with an example of grouping data
by one or more columns. Nov/Dec 2019

[Link] the split-apply-combine strategy in Pandas GroupBy operations. Provide an

example using aggregation functions.

[Link] data aggregation in Pandas. Explain the use of multiple aggregation functions
on grouped data with examples. Nov/Dec 2020

[Link] the use of the apply() function for group operations in Pandas. Show an
example of applying a custom function to a group.

[Link] pivot tables in Pandas. Discuss the parameters index, columns, values, and
aggfunc with examples.

[Link] cross-tabulation in Pandas. Illustrate with an example to show the relationship

between two categorical variables. Apr/May 2021

[Link] how Pandas handles Date and Time data types. Explain operations like
extracting day, month, and performing resampling. Nov/Dec 2020

[Link] the difference between groupby() and resample() in Pandas. Provide

examples to illustrate their use cases.
[Link] hierarchical aggregation using agg() in Pandas. Show how multiple
aggregation functions can be applied to grouped data.

[Link] a complete workflow of data aggregation and group operations in Pandas:

grouping, applying functions, pivoting, cross-tabulation, and working with time-series
data. Apr/May 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-26(EVEN)
Course Code & Name: IT25201-Foundation of data science using Python
Degree/Branch/Year/Sem: [Link]/IT/I/II
Question Bank- Module 7

Data Visualization

1. What is data visualization?

Data visualization is the graphical representation of data to reveal patterns, trends, and
insights. It helps in understanding complex data quickly.

2. What is the importance of data visualization?

It aids in decision-making by providing intuitive understanding of data. It also helps in

detecting trends, outliers, and relationships.

3. What is categorical data visualization?

Categorical data visualization displays the frequency or proportion of categories.

Common charts include bar plots and pie charts. Nov/Dec 2020

4. Give one example of visualizing categorical data.

A bar chart showing sales per product category. It helps compare different groups visually.

5. What is time series data visualization?

Time series visualization plots data points against time. It is used to detect trends, seasonality,
and cycles. Nov/Dec 2019

6. Give one example of visualizing time series data.

A line plot showing monthly temperature over a year. It highlights trends and patterns over
time.

7. What is multivariate visualization?

Multivariate visualization displays relationships among more than two variables.

Examples include scatter plot matrices and heatmaps.
8. What is visualizing distribution of data?

Distribution visualization shows the frequency of values in a [Link] and boxplots

are commonly used for this purpose. Apr/May 2022

9. What is visualizing relationships between variables?

It shows how one variable affects or correlates with another. Scatter plots and line plots are
used to depict relationships. Nov/Dec 2019

10. What is the use of a heatmap in multivariate visualization?

A heatmap represents values in a matrix using colors. It is useful for visualizing correlations
or patterns in multiple variables.

11. What is the difference between univariate and multivariate visualization?

Univariate visualization focuses on a single variable (e.g., histogram). Multivariate

visualization shows relationships between two or more variables (e.g., scatter matrix).
Nov/Dec 2020

12. What is the purpose of a scatter plot?

A scatter plot visualizes the relationship between two numerical variables. It helps identify
correlation, trends, and outliers.

13. What is a box plot used for?

A box plot displays the median, quartiles, and outliers of a dataset. It is useful for visualizing
distribution and detecting outliers.

14. What is a line chart used for?

A line chart is used to visualize data trends over time. It is suitable for continuous time series
data. Apr/May 2021

15. What is a bar chart used for?

A bar chart is used to compare categorical data values. Each bar represents the magnitude of
a category. Nov/Dec 2020

16. What is a pie chart used for?

A pie chart represents parts of a whole as slices of a circle. It is useful for showing
percentage or proportion of categories.

17. What is a histogram used for?

A histogram visualizes the frequency distribution of numerical data. It groups data into bins
to show patterns in distribution. Nov/Dec 2019
18. What is a pair plot?

A pair plot visualizes relationships between multiple numerical variables in a dataset.

It creates scatter plots for each variable pair.

19. What is the use of time series decomposition in visualization?

Time series decomposition separates data into trend, seasonal, and residual components.
It helps analyze patterns over time. Nov/Dec 2020

20. Give one application of multivariate visualization.

Multivariate visualization is used in marketing to analyze customer demographics, purchase

behavior, and engagement. It helps identify patterns and correlations among multiple
variables.

Part B
[Link] the importance of data visualization in data analysis. Discuss the benefits with
examples.

[Link] methods for visualizing categorical data in Python. Illustrate with bar chart
and pie chart examples. Apr/May 2021

3. How to visualize time series data in Python. Discuss line charts, trend analysis, and
seasonality detection.

[Link] multivariate visualization techniques. Explain how scatter plot matrices and
heatmaps can be used to analyze multiple variables. Apr/May 2022

[Link] are the methods for visualizing data distribution. Discuss histograms, boxplots,
and their applications.

[Link] visualizing relationships between two or more variables. Illustrate with scatter
plots, line charts, and correlation plots. Apr/May 2021

[Link] the use of pivot charts and cross-tabulation for visualizing aggregated data.
Provide an example with categorical and numerical variables.

[Link] time series decomposition and its visualization. Discuss trend, seasonal, and
residual components with an example. Apr/May 2022

[Link] the difference between univariate, bivariate, and multivariate visualization.

Provide suitable examples for each. Nov/Dec 2019

[Link] a complete workflow of data visualization: selecting data, choosing

visualization type, plotting categorical, numerical, multivariate, and time series data.