CONTENT

CONTENTGUIDE
CONTENT
CONTENT GUIDE
GUIDE
GUIDE

LEVEL
LEVEL
LEVEL 11
LEVEL 2 2
 Aprobado por Esp. C. Córdova.
Elaboración y diseño: M. Hidalgo.
2da Edición. Febrero, 2025

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UNIT 1
Present Perfect Simple

Present PPerfect
Present Simple
erfect S imple
The present perfect tense is one of the most common verb tenses in English, used to show
an action that happened in the past that is directly related to the present, such actions are
continuing or indicate a change over time. It’s easily recognized by the auxiliary verbs “have”
and “has”. Additionally, we need to know that in the present perfect tense, the main verb uses
the past participle form.

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Have/Has + Verb (Past participle)+ Complement

EXAMPLE
I have lived in California since I was a child.
Subject Auxiliary verb Verb (P.P.) Complement

Generally, we use “have” for all subjects, except for the singular third-person, which instead,
uses “has”.

FIRST-PERSON I have come a long way.

SECOND PERSON You have come a long way.
THIRD PERSON (PLURAL) They have come a long way.
THIRD PERSON (SINGULAR) He/she/it has come a long way.

Negative statements
Negative
To use the present perfect tense in its negative form, you must add the negative word “not”
after the auxiliary verb and before the past participle.

NEGATIVE
Subject + Have/Has + not +Verb (Past participle)

EXAMPLE
I have not slept well since exams started.
My Midwestern friend has never seen the ocean
Subject Auxiliary Not Verb (P.P.) Complement

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Interrogative statements
Interrogative
In interrogative statements the auxiliary verb comes first, followed by the subject, and then
the past participle of the main verb. This follows a similar construction as questions with the
auxiliary verb do, which also comes before the subject.

QUESTIONS
Have/Has + subject +Verb (Past participle)

EXAMPLE
Auxiliary verb Subject verb (P.P.) Complement
Have you eaten your dinner?
Has Susan taught for 20 years?

Present perfect with adverbs

Present
The adverbs can be placed after the verb in the present perfect; however, they can also be
placed between the auxiliary verb and the past participle form.

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + have/has + adverb + verb in past participle form
Subject + have/has + verb in past participle form + adverb

EXAMPLE
They have gradually advanced their career from cashier to senior manager.
All the guests have arrived already.

Youtube Links:
Present perfect: [Link]
Past Perfect: [Link]

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UNIT 2
Past perfect simple

Past perfect::
Past perfect

It refers to a time in the past, and indicates that one event took place for a period of time in
the past.

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Had + Verb (Past participle) + Complement

EXAMPLE
She had gone to school
Subject Auxiliary Verb (P.P.) Complement

Negative statements
Negative
For negative sentences, we need to add “NOT” between the auxiliary “HAD” and the “MAIN
VERB.”

NEGATIVE
Subject + Had + not + Verb (Past participle)+ Complement

EXAMPLE
She had not gone to school
Subject Auxiliary not Verb (p.p) Complement

Interrogative statements
Interrogative

For questions in Past Perfect, the subject and the auxiliary verb are exchanged, for
example, let´s take the previous sentence “She had gone to school” and turn it into its
question form.

QUESTIONS
Had + Subject +Verb (Past participle) + Complement?

EXAMPLE
Had she gone to school?
Auxiliary Subject Verb (p.p) Complement

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Contractions
Contractions
It’s really common to contract the subject and the auxiliary verb in spoken English, as well
as it’s used in informal writing.

I had I´d
You had You´d
He had He´d
She had She´d
It had It´d
They had We´d
We had They´d

Example:
- I’d eaten already
- They’d gone home
As for negative contractions, we may contract the auxiliary verb and “NOT”. (Hadn´t)
Example:
- I hadn't finished my meal.
- Anthony hadn't had a day off for months.

Let´s take a look at more examples:

- I washed the floor when the painter had gone.
- Harold had known about it for a while.
- Everyone had gone home by the time Doris had got to the party.
- My friends hadn’t ever gone to France.
- Had Adam ever spoken to the CEO before he was fired?
- We’d just gotten home when we heard the blast outside.

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UNIT 3
Present Perfect Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous

Present PPerfect
Present erfect C
Continuous
ontinuous
This tense is used to refer to an unspecified time between “before now” and “now”. In the
present perfect continuous, the speaker is thinking about something that started but maybe
did not finish in that period. This means that the speaker is still interested in the process as
well as its result and this process might still be going on or might have just finished. Now,
having known this, we need to learn how to create the present perfect continuous by using its
structure properly.

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Have / has + Been + Verb (ing form) + Complement

EXAMPLE
I have been studying English for a few minutes.
Subject Auxiliary been Verb (P.P.) Complement

In the previous sentence, the speaker states that they have studied English for a few
minutes; however, this action has not finished yet since it started in the past (a few minutes
ago) but it continues in the present. Besides, the present perfect tense possesses two main
uses, and we will break them down in the following paragraphs.
The two main uses of the present perfect
The

1) Ongoing actions: This tense describes an action that started in the past and continues to
the present (as we already know). However, we also need to know that actions, normally, are
temporary actions.
Example:
- He’s been running since 3:30.
- They’ve been talking all night.
- We’ve been waiting for an hour.
- How long has it been raining?
- I’ve been staying with Tim while my flat’s being renovated.
As we can see, in this type of sentence, the usage of “FOR” and “SINCE” are very common
since they can indicate the duration of the action.
2) Recent actions that have an effect in the present: This use of the sentence, generally,
focuses on the action and the effect it creates.

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Example:
- Tom has been repairing my car. He’s got oil on his hands.
- She’s red because she’s been lying in the sun all day.
- They’ve got blisters on their feet because they’ve been walking since 9 a.m.
- My eyes are tired because I’ve been working on my computer for a long time.
- The ground is wet because it’s been raining.
- Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
- Jacques has been baking a cake and he’s got flour on his clothes.

NOTE
It’s also important to mention that only action verbs can be used in the present perfect
continuous tense. All stative verbs need to be in their simple form. These include verbs like
be, believe, cost, have (for possession), like, love, hate, know, understand, want. For
instance:
✓ We have known each other for three years. CORRECT
✓ We have been knowing each other for three years. INCORRECT
Interrogative statements
Interrogative
To make questions in the present perfect continuous tense we need to use the following
structure:

QUESTIONS
Have/has + Subject + Been + Verb (ing form) + Complement?

Example:
- What have you been doing this afternoon?
- How have you been getting to school recently?
- What have you been dreaming about lately?
Negative statements
Negative
To create the negative form of the present perfect continuous, we need to add “NOT”
between “HAVE” and “BEEN”.

NEGATIVE
Subject + Have / has + not + Been + Verb (ing form) + Complement

Example:
- He hasn’t been practicing her pronunciation.
- They have not been training enough.
- Julie has not been taking her dog to the park lately.

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Past continuous::
Past perfect continuous

It is a tense that indicates that an action began in the past, continued in the past, and it
also ended at a defined point in the past, unlike the present perfect continuous that indicates
that an action began in the past and it continued up until the present. Its structure is the
following:

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Had + Been + Verb (ing form)+ Complement

Example:
- I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion.
- He had been drinking milk out of the carton when Mom walked into the kitchen.
Just like in the perfect present tense, SINCE, WHERE, FOR and BEFORE are time
expressions commonly used with these structures as they indicate a period when the action
occurs. Let´s take a look at the following examples:
- Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
- Cathy had been playing the piano for 35 years when she was finally asked to do a solo with
the local orchestra.
- He had been throwing rocks at her window for five minutes before she finally came out on
the balcony and said, “Hey, Romeo.”

Negative statements
Negative
To make the negative form of the past perfect continuous, we need to add “NOT” between
“HAD” and “BEEN”.

NEGATIVE
Subject + Had + not + Been + Verb (ing form) + Complement

Example:
- They had not been speaking to each other before dinner.
- They had not been taking good care of their health.
- Thankfully, I had not been smoking for a year before I got pregnant.
Interrogative statements
Interrogative
To create a sentence in the past perfect continuous tense, we need to invert the position of the
NOUN and the AUXILIARY HAD.

QUESTIONS
Had + Subject + Been + Verb (ing form)?

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Example:
- What had she been reading?
- Had Lewis been watching TV?
- How long had it been raining?
- What had you been drinking?
- Had they been eating donuts?

Youtube links:
Past perfect continuous: [Link]
Present perfect continuous: [Link]

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UNIT 4
Future Simple- Be going to & Will

Be going to
Be going to
Concerning the future, in English, “Be going to” is used to make sentences with future
connotations. However, there are some common uses of it, which we may find the following:
Intentions, predictions, and orders. As for the construction of the future by using “Be going to”,
the following structure is used:

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Verb to be + going to + base form of the verb + Complement

Example:
- I’m going to go on a trip in December.
- She is going to buy a new camera.
- Tom is going to help me out with my finals.
As we mentioned before, in this future form “Be going to” we can find some usages, which
will be described in the following paragraph:
Use:
Use:
We use “be going to” to talk about plans and intentions. Usually, the decision about the
future plans has already been made:
Example:
- She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.
- I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.

Predictions:
Predictions:
We use “be going to” to predict something that we think is certain to happen or we have
evidence for now:
- It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)
- Look out! He’s going to break that glass.
Orders:
Orders:
We use be going to when we give orders or state that something is obligatory:
- You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess!

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 NOTE
In informal contexts or spoken English, people tend to use “gonna” instead of “going to”,
this word is commonly used and it may also appear in song lyrics. For instance:
✓ I’m going to dance with you
✓ I’m gonna dance with you

Will
Will

Will (as well as be going to) can be used to express the future in English, the contracted
form of “Will” is attached to the subject (she’ll, I’ll, You’ll, We’ll) and its structure is simple as it
consists of the following parts:

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Will + base form of the main verb + complement

Example:
- I will be a doctor.
- The next Olympic Games will be in London.
- Mary will get back to you at 5 o’clock.

Negative statements
Negative
We can use “Will not” or the negative form of will which is “won’t”:

Example:
- They won’t tell us very much until January.
- They will not tell us very much until January. (Formal)

Interrogative statements
Interrogative

The “subject” and “will” change positions to form questions:

Example:
- Will you be home earlier tomorrow?
- Will I be able to take this brochure home with me?
- Will the number be in the phone book?

Youtube Links:
Be going to: [Link]
Auxiliary Will: [Link]

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UNIT 5
Future continuous, Future perfect Simple and Future perfect continuous
Future CContinuous
Future ontinuous
The future continuous is used to talk about actions that will take place in the future and will
have a certain duration. This tense is often used when the speaker wants to emphasize an
action or event that will happen in the future, or when the speaker wants to emphasize the
difference between what is happening at the moment of speaking and what will happen in the
future.
In addition, the future continuous is used to express that something will be happening at
the same time as another action, both in the future. In this sense we can say that it behaves
similarly to the past continuous, but to talk about what will happen in the future.

TYPE OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

Subject + auxiliary will + be + verb We will be working while

Affirmative
ing + complement Sonia takes a nap
Subject+ auxiliary will not (won't) + We won´t be working while
Negative
be + verb ing + complement Sonia takes a nap
Auxiliary will+ subject+ be + verb Will we be working while
Questions
ing+ complement+? Sonia takes a nap?

Future PPerfect
Future erfect
The future perfect simple is one of the different types of future tenses in English. This verb
tense allows us to distinguish between actions to be carried out, as well as their results once
they have been completed.
It can be said that the main function of the future perfect is to express completed actions,
either at a specific point in time or before other actions begin. Thanks to this, it is also
possible to visualize the possible consequences of such action. It should be noted that it is
necessary to mention the deadline or time in which the action will be (or should be) concluded.
Such deadline can be precise (exact time and day) or approximate. For example:

EXAMPLE

Precise deadline She will have started to run by 7 o'clock.

Approximate time You'll have lived in London for one month by next week.

No deadline My daughter will graduate.

With a deadline My daughter will have graduated by this hour next Wednesday.

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 TYPE OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
SENTENCE

Subject + Auxiliary (will / 'll) + have + verb You will have studied for
Affirmative
past participle + complement the exam by next monday.

Subject + Auxiliary (will not / won't) + have You won´t have studied for
Negative
+ verb in past participle + complement the exam by next monday.

Auxiliary (will) + Subject + have + verb in Will you have studied for
Questions
participle + complement + ? the exam by next monday?

Future perfect continuous

Future perfect continuous
The future perfect continuous is used to visualize actions that will continue for a specific
period of time, or until a specific time in the future. It is important to note that these are
unfinished actions that are located between the present and a specific time in the near future,
which could be minutes or years from now. For example:

TYPE OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
SENTENCE

Subject + Auxiliary (will) + have been + You will have studied for
Affirmative
verb with ing + complement the exam by next monday.

Subject + Auxiliary (will not / won't) + have You won´t have studied for
Negative
been + verb with ing + complement the exam by next monday.

Auxiliary (will) + Subject + have been + Will you have studied for
Questions
verb with ing + complement + ? the exam by next monday?

Example:
- Jhon will have been working with us for 5 years next Tuesday (Jhon habrá estado trabajando
con nosotros por cinco años el próximo martes).
- When he turns 20, he will have been playing baseball for 10 years (Cuando él cumpla 20,
habrá estado jugando beisbol por diez años).
- She will have been studying medicine for two years when she moves to New York next
summer (Ella habrá estado estudiando medicina por dos años cuando se mude a Nueva York
el próximo verano).
It is also used to infer the consequences of an action in the future. For example:
Example:
Ryan will give you a lift to the University, because by the time you need to get there you will
have been awake all night studying, and you won't be in a condition to drive (Ryan te llevará a
la universidad, porque a la hora que tendrías que estar allá habrás estado despierto toda la
noche estudiando, y no estarás en condiciones de manejar).

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 NOTE
If we highlight a difference between the future perfect continuous and the future perfect
simple, it is important to remember the following:

FUTURE PERFECT This verb tense is used to express states or situations

that will have concluded before a specific time in the
SIMPLE: future.

FUTURE PERFECT The action will not have finished and the emphasis is on
its continuation until another action or a deadline finishes
CONTINUOUS: it.

Youtube Links:
Future simple & future continuous: [Link]
Future perfect & future perfect continuous: [Link]

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UNIT 6
Modal verbs

M
Modal
odal verbs
Modal verbs are used to express certain hypothetical situations, such as advice, capability,
or request. In addition, they’re used together with the main verb to change its meaning
slightly.

STATEMENTS
Subject + Modal Verb+ Verb in its base form + Complement

The most common modal verbs are the following:

Can: The modal “can” is a common modal verb used in English. It is used to express
ability, opportunity, requests, to grant permission, to show possibility or impossibility.
Example: - He can play the piano. (Ability)
- We can visit my sister when we are in Brighton. (Opportunity)
- You cannot (can't) use my car. (Permission)
- Can I borrow your pen? (Request)
Could: It’s used to express possibility, past ability, and to make suggestions and requests.
“Could” is also used in conditional sentences as the conditional form of “can”.
Example: - You could cause an accident driving like that. (Possibility)
- Sarah could dance like a professional at the age of six. (Past ability)
- We could go to dinner after the movie. (Suggestion)
- Could I leave early today? (Request)
- If you're not working tomorrow, we could go on a picnic. (Conditional)

May: It’s a modal verb most commonly used to express possibility. It can also be used to
give or request permission; although, this usage is becoming less common.
Example: - Jack may be upset. I can't really understand if he is annoyed or tired.
(Possibility)
- You may leave the table now that you're finished with your dinner. (Request)
- May I borrow your eraser? (Permission)
Might: This is another modal verb commonly used in English, generally used in conditional
sentences, or to express possibility.
Example: She might be on the bus. I think her car is having problems. (Possibility)
If I entered the contest, I might actually win. (Conditional form for ‘May’)

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Must: This modal verb is used to indicate that your opinion is important or necessary for
something to happen. As for its negative form. We use must not or mustn't to indicate that
we think is not very important or necessary for something not to happen.
Example: - I must phone my parents.
- You must see the painting Paul has given me as a wedding present.
- You must be very worried by now.

Should: This modal is used to give advice and to make recommendations. It is also used
to express kind of obligation and expectation.
Example: - When you go to London, you should go to the theatre. (Recommendation)
- You should try to focus more on your writing skills. (Advice)
- I should be going now. It's getting late. (Obligation)
- You should have understood the text by now. (Expectation)

Ought To: This is a semi-modal verb because it has different usage and rules. For
example, unlike modal verbs, it is followed by "to", but as modal verbs, it does not change
its form when is conjugated. We can use "Ought to" when we want to talk about things that
are desired or ideal also it can be used to talk about what is probable. The structure for
this modal verb is “Noun + Ought to + Verb in its base form.”
Example: - They ought to have more parks in the city center. What is desired
- The concert ought to only take about two hours, so we’ll be home by 12 pm.
Likelihood

Would: this modal verb is used to express habitual actions in the past, hypothetical
situations, polite requests and wishes. The structure for this modal verb is “Noun + would
+ Verb in its base form.”
Example: - He would play football every Sunday.
- I would like a cup of tea.

Shall: this modal verb is used more in formal contexts, especially in questions to suggest
or inquire about future actions. The structure for this modal verb is “Noun + shall + Verb in
its base form.”
Example: - We shall overcome.
- Shall I help you with that?
- Shall we dance?

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Negative statements
Negative

Negatives are formed by adding “not” after the modal verbs. We don’t use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
with modal verbs

NEGATIVE
Subject + Modal Verb + not + Verb in its base form + Complement

Example:

- I can’t help you, I’m so sorry.

- You should not misbehave in front of guests.

Interrogative statements
Interrogative

The subject and the modal verb change position to form questions. We don’t use do/does/did.

QUESTIONS
Modal Verb + Subject + Verb in its base form.+ Complement?

Example:

- Could you help me?

- May I go to the store?

Contractions
Contractions

Generally, in spoken English, many words are contracted in order to make communication
easier. Some of modal verbs that are contracted can be the following:

UNCONTRACTED CONTRACTED
MODAL VERB
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE

Can Can not Can´t

Could Could not Couldn´t

May May not Doesn´t apply

Might Might not Mightn’t

Should Should not Shouldn´t

Must Must not Mustn´t

Would Would not Wouldn't

Shall Shall not Shan't

Youtube Links:
Modal Verbs: [Link]
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UNIT 7
Parts of speech

Parts speech..
Parts of speech
Parts of speech are word classes that are distinguished by their grammatical function and
meaning in a sentence. The eight traditional parts of speech are: noun, pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

NOUN PRONOUN
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing A pronoun is used in place of a noun or
or idea. noun phrase to avoid repetition.
Examples: Examples:
Daniel, London, table, hope, etc. I, you, we, us, them, those, etc.
Mary uses a blue pen for her notes. I want her to dance with me.

ADJECTIVE VERB
Describes, modifies or gives more Shows an action or a state of being
information about a noun or pronoun. Examples:
Examples: go, speak, eat, live, are, is, etc.
cold, happy, young, two, fun, etc. I listen to the word and then repeat it
The little girl has a pink hat.

ADVERB PREPOSITION
Modifies a verb, an adjective or another Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun
adverb. It tells how (often), where, when, how. to another word.
Examples: Examples:
slowly, very, always, well, too. At, on, in, from, with, about.
Yesterday, I ate my lunch quickly I left my keys on the table for you.

INTERJECTION CONJUCTION
A word or phrase that expresses a strong Joins two words, ideas, phrases together
emotion. It is a short exclamation. and shows how they are connected.
Examples: Examples:
Ouch! Hey! Oh! Watch out! and, or, but, because, yet, so.
Wow! I passed my english exam. I was hot and tired but still finished it

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UNIT 8
Zero Conditional and First Conditional.

Zero conditional
Zero
It is used to talk about facts or things that are generally true. For instance, scientific facts
are often written by zero conditional. Let´s take a look at the following example: “When you
heat ice, it melts.”
It’s important to mention that the zero conditional uses “If” or “when” and must be followed
by the simple present or imperative. In order to understand how to use the zero conditional,
we also need to memorize its structure.

If clause (condition) Main Clause (result)

If + Simple Present Simple present

If this thing happens That thing happens

In regard to these conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed, which means
that we may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust the punctuation mark when we
change the order of the clauses, and the meaning will be the same. In zero conditional
sentences, “if” can be replaced by “when” since both express general truths. It is also
important to remember that this condition is not related to the past, present or future – it only
applies to things that are always true (facts).
Example:
- If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
- Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
- When it rains, tennis lessons are held at the gym.
- When John is out of the office, I take his calls.

First CConditional.
First onditional.
The first conditional is used to express the future consequence of a realistic possibility
now or in the future. For example: If I miss the train, I will take the next one.

STRUCTURE
If + subject + present simple, noun (subject/object) + will or won´t + verb base form

Example:
- If I pass this exam, I will celebrate.
- If I pass this exam, I won’t have to do it again.

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 NOTE
We can also invert its structure and the meaning remains the same.
Example:
- I will celebrate if I pass this exam.
- I won’t have to do this exam again if I pass it.

As an alternative for “will”, it’s possible to complete the second part of a first conditional
sentence with a modal verb or an imperative.
Example:
- If it rains, we can’t play tennis.
- If it rains, we must postpone our game.
- If it rains, wear your waterproof clothing. (“Wear” is used as an imperative in this
sentence).

Youtube Links
Conditional Zero: [Link]
First conditional: [Link]

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UNIT 9
Second Conditional & Third Conditional

Second CConditional
Second onditional
It is used to express the consequence of an unrealistic action or situation in the present or
future. This situation can be improbable or completely unrealistic.

STRUCTURE
If + Subject+ Past simple, + Noun (subject/object) would/wouldn´t + verb in base form

Example:
- If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
- If I had more free time, I would play more sport
In the first sentence, there’s a low probability that the first part of it (winning the lottery) will
happen. However, if it happens, the second part is 100% certain. As for the second sentence,
it means that the speaker doesn’t have a lot of free time, but in that case, the second part is
100% certain.
Exception about the verb “To
Exception “To be”
be”
When we use the verb ‘to be’ in the second conditional, the past form is always “were” and
not “was”. This rule works with all the subjects.
Example:
- If I were rich, I’d spend all my time traveling.
- If he were my boss, I’d look for another job.
- If it weren’t so cold, we could go for a walk.
Nowadays, you can often hear young native speakers use “was” instead of “were”,
especially in an informal context. But the correct form is “were”.
We also use the second conditional for polite requests.
Example:
- Would you mind if I used your computer?
- Would it be ok if we sat here?
- Would it bother you if I closed the window?

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Third CConditional
Third onditional
It is used to talk about the past, specifically, about something that didn’t happen or
something that we want to happen, but there’s no possibility. It is used to talk about
hypothetical situations.

STRUCTURE
If + Subject+ Past perfect, + Noun (subject/object) + would+ have + verb in past participle

EXAMPLE

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.

Condition Result

In the previous sentence, we can notice that the speaker is thinking about an impossible
condition. Therefore, this condition was not true, and it can never be true because it has
finished. The Past Perfect tense is used to talk about the impossible past condition. Whereas,
would have + past participle is used to talk about the impossible past result. The important
thing about the third conditional is that the condition and the result are impossible now.
Example:
- If I had seen Mary. I would have told her.
- If Tara had been free yesterday, I would have invited her.
- If the students had not passed the exam, the teacher would have been sad.

NOTE
Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for
example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.

Youtube Links:
Second conditional: [Link]
Third Conditional: [Link]

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UNIT 10
Tag questions and echo questions

Tag
Tag questions
These are short questions composed of a verb and a subject, which are added after a
declarative sentence to confirm what has been said. They are formed with the auxiliary verb
of the main verb and in the affirmative or negative sense opposite to the original sentence.
They are used to confirm what a person has just said.
Example:
- Your dog is very big, isn’t it?
- He just wants to play, doesn’t he?
- He doesn’t bite, does he?

STRUCTURE
Sentece, Auxiliary (positive or negative depending on the case) + pronoun?

If the main verb of the declarative sentence is some form of be, the question tag is
formulated with this verb, in the same form and tense.
Example:
- Your dog is very big, isn’t he?
The dog can´t talk, Can it?
If the declarative sentence includes an auxiliary or a modal verb, the question tag is
formulated with these.

Example:
- You have already fed him, haven’t you?
- The dog will run, won´t it?
If the declarative sentence does not contain the verb to be, the question tag is formulated
with the auxiliary in the corresponding form of the tense used.

Echo
Echo questions

We use echo questions to repeat part of what we have just heard when we don’t fully
understand or when we want to confirm what we have heard. We use rising or fall-rising
intonation

24
Example:
A: Did you hear Pete’s giving up his job.
B: Pete’s giving up his job?
Echo questions are often statements (declaratives) with a wh-word at the end:
Example:
A: His name is Thokosani.
B: His name is what?

DDifferences
ifferences between tag question and echo
question
While in question tags we use the auxiliary in a positive way when the preceding
sentence is negative and vice versa, in echo questions in English we do it the other way
around: that is, if the sentence we're responding to is positive, our echo question will also
be positive; and if the sentence we're reacting to is negative, our question will be negative
as well.

In question tags, we use the same pronouns as in the previous sentence. However, in
English echo questions, we must adapt the pronouns because they don't refer to our own
sentence but to what the other person said. For example, the "I" of one person is the "you"
of the person speaking to them, and vice versa.

25
UNIT 11
Used to - Be used to - Get used to

Used
Used to
It is the simple past form of the verb TO USE, and is used to talk about habits in the past
that no longer continue in the present.
Example:
- I used to love waking up early when I was younger (pero ya no le gusta)
- I used to travel a lot before I had children (ahora ya no viaja tanto)
“Used to” is always accompanied by another verb, which provides lexical meaning to the
sentence.
It's important to remember that this expression is only used to talk about habits in the past.
A very common mistake among English learners is to transfer it to the present.

Be
Be used to
This expression consists of the verb "to be" and the adjective "used." It's used to talk about
habits in the present and situations that are common or normal for us. It's important to keep in
mind that the adjective "used" is always followed by the clause "to" and the verb that follows it
is in the -ing form.

Example:
- I am used to working in multicultural environments
- Sharon isn’t really used to having tight deadlines
- Are you used to cooking for so many people?

Certainly, the structure could be confused with the previous one, as it is similar, especially
in affirmative sentences. However, as we can see, when using an adjective, its form does not
vary in interrogative or negative sentences.

Get
Get used to
This structure is similar to the previous one, as it includes the adjective used followed by to
+ -ing and a verb, in this case to get. The difference, therefore, lies in the meaning of the verbs:

Be used to: a habit that already exists, that is established, a state.

Get used to: a habit that is being acquired or changed, an action.

26
 Therefore, “get used to” is used to talk about situations to which we are adapting and to
emphasize a change in habits that requires an effort:

Example:
- I am getting used to not smoking and I feel much better
- I still don’t get used to driving every day to go to work.
- When I moved to London, I had to get used to spending a lot of time to go anywhere
As we can see, this expression can be used in different tenses, unlike the previous ones, but
in neither case does the sequence used+ to + ing changes.

27
UNIT 12
Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds
Gerunds
The gerund is the form of the verb ending in -ing. It acts as a noun in a sentence and is
used after certain verbs, prepositions, and adjectives.
Uses
Uses
As the subject of a sentence.
Example: - Cycling is good for your health.
After certain prepositions.
Example: - Instead of studying for her exams, she went out every night.
After certain adjectives with a preposition
Example: - I am interested in visiting the museum.
After certain nouns, with or without a preposition
Example: - There’s no point in waiting any longer.
After certain verbs, with or without a preposition
Example: - I enjoy cooking.
The gerund is used after certain prepositions, adjectives + preposition, nouns, verbs, and
verbs + preposition. To do this, we must research what they are and learn them.

Infinitives
Infinitives
The infinitive is the basic form of the verb.
Uses
Uses
After certain adjectives.
Example: - It was impossible to go back.
After certain nouns
Example: - There was no need to get angry.
After certain expressions, without the preposition to
Example: - I would rather stay at home.
After certain verbs, whether or not accompanied by a complement
Example: - We might stay at home.

28
 After certain verbs followed by an interrogative
Example: - We didn’t know where to go.
To express purpose or answer the question Why?
Example: —Why did Claudia go to the shop?
—She went to the shop to buy some milk.
The infinitive is used after certain adjectives, nouns, verbs, and expressions with or without
the particle “to”. To do this, we must research what they are and learn about them.

29
UNIT 13
Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verbs
Mostly, modal verbs have two parts: A main verb and an adverb particle. It is important to
remember that phrasal verbs often have meanings that cannot only be guessed easily from
their individual part. Additionally, we need to know that the most common adverb particles
used with phrasal verbs are around: at, away, down, in, off, on, out, over, around, and up.
Therefore, knowing the previous information about what phrasal verbs are and their most
common particles, let us take a look at the following sentences, in which phrasal verbs are
used (Their meanings are in brackets).
Example:
- The book first came out in 1997. (Was published)
- The plane took off an hour late. (Flew into the air)
- The lecture went on till 6.30. (Continued)
- It’s difficult to make out what she’s saying. (Hear /Understand)
Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal than a single word with the same
meaning
Example:
- We need to sort the problem out.
- We need to resolve the problem.
In the previous example, although, both sentences have the same meaning, the second
one has a more formal meaning compared to the first one.
Phrasal verbs and objects
Phrasal
Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the particle may come before or after
the object if the object is not a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).

Particle Before the Object Particle After the Object

She brought up three kids alone. I brought my children up

P O O P

Do you want me to take off my shoes? Come in, take you coat off.
P O O P

We need to know that the pronoun is always used before the particle if the object is a
personal pronoun (me, you, him, her, them, etc.)

30
Example:
- Oh, I can’t lift you up anymore. You’re too big now!

Also, it’s important to know that longer objects are usually used after the particles
Example:
- Many couples do not want to take on the responsibility of bringing up a large family of three
or four children.

Finally, we can use some phrasal verbs without an object

Example:
- The taxi broke down on the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.
- We’d better set off before the rush-hour traffic starts.
- What time did you wake up this morning?

In the following list, we will be able to review the most common phrasal verbs used in
everyday English:

Imagen realizada por: [Link]

Youtube links
Phrasal Verbs: [Link] Y

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EXERCISES
REVIEW: PAST
REVIEW: PAST SIMPLE, REGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE, REGULAR VERBS AND
AND IRREGULAR
IRREGULAR VERBS
VERBS

1- Put
1- P ut the verbs into their correct form
form::
a) Last year I ________(study) hard to take the test.

b) I _______(use) your pen because I lost mine.

c) I (travel) ________ around by car with two friends and we (visit) ______ lots of interesting

places.

d)In the evenings we usually __________ (watch) horror movies.

e) One night we (learn) __________some Irish dances.

2- Transform
2- Transform these sentences into a ““Yes No
Yes or NoQQuestion.”
uestion.”
a) He loved this town.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

b) They liked soccer.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

c) She was able drive a lorry.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

d) She was a good dancer.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

e) They went to the swimming pool.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

f) She splurged her money on jewelry.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

g) He decided to leave his wife.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

32
3- Put
3- P form::
ut the verbs into their correct form
a) I _________(hear) a new song in the radio.

b) I ________(read) three books last week.

c) They _________(speak) French to the waitress.

d) He ____________(understand) during the class, but now he does not.

e) We _________(forget) to buy some milk.

f) She _______(have) a baby in June.

g) You ________(lose) your keys last week.

h) She _______(drink) too much coffee yesterday.

4- Create
4- C reate questions for the following statements ((use questions):):
use wh questions
a) I lived in London last year.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

b) She was my sister.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

c) I got to school by bus.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

d) The bank opened at eight O’clock.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

e) I wore a coat because it was too cold!

____________________________________________________________________________________.

UNIT 1:: PRESENT

UNIT 1 PRESENT PERFECT
PERFECT SIMPLE
SIMPLE

1- Complete
1- C tense::
omplete the sentences using present perfect tense
a) I ________________________________(be) here for two hours.

b) They _____________________________(own) the house since 1991.

c) They ______________________________(have) those problems for a long time.

d) We _________________________________(see) this movie already.

e) You ____________________________________(check) my spelling.

33
f) Angela ___________________________(taste) baked bananas in her trip to South America.

g) Lisa _______________________________(buy) a new television.

h) Donna __________________________________(break) her leg.

i) Tim and Allison ________________________________(have) a baby.

j) I ____________________________________(know) Susan for all my life.

j) Dan __________________________________(work) here since last November.

k) Jamie ________________________________(be) sick for two days now.

l) You __________________________________(wait) for an answer since March.

m) Peter _______________________________(be) here since last summer.

n) I ________________________________(built) many houses in my life.

UNIT 2:: PAST

UNIT 2 PAST PERFECT
PERFECT SIMPLE
SIMPLE
1- Change
1- C hange the verb into the correct form
a) I _____________________(study) Japanese before.

b) She _________________(bake) a lot before she ______________ (open) her shop.

c) We ____________________ (have) a lot of trouble because we __________(lose) our passports.

d) Brian ________________(know) many people at the club because he _____________ (be) there

many times.

e) They ________________ (study) English before they _______________ (move) to Canada.

f) You _______________ (enjoy) the movie because you ____________ (read) the book.

g) She really _______________ (like) him because he _______________ (help) her.

h) Amy _________________(study) a lot before she _________________(take) the test.

UNIT 3:
UNIT 3: PRESENT
PRESENT PERFECT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS AND
AND PAST
PAST PERFECT
PERFECT

CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS

1- Put
1- P ut the verbs into the correct form ((present continuous).).
present perfect continuous
a) I _________________________________ (wait) for you since two o'clock.

b) Mary _________________________________(live) in Germany since 1992.

c) He ____________________________________ (play) tennis for five hours.

d) How long ____________________________ (learn / you) English?

34
e) We _________________________________ (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.

f) I ___________________________________ (live) without electricity for two weeks.

g) The film ____________________________ (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a

commercial break already.

h) How long ___________________________________ (work / she) in the garden?

i) She _____________________________ (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.

2- Put
2- P ut the verbs into the correct form ((past progressive).).
past perfect progressive
a) They _______________________(wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally

arrived.

b) We _______________________ (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in the

bathroom.

c) I __________________________ (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.

d) How long _______________________ (learn / she) English before she went to London?

e) Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he ______________________(sing) in the rain too long.

f) He _________________________(drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

g) They were very tired in the evening because they ______________________(help) on the farm

all day.

h) I ______________________ (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.

i) They ______________(cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

UNIT 4:: FUTURE

UNIT 4 FUTURE SIMPLE
SIMPLE BE
BE GOING
GOING TO
TO/WILL
/WILL

1- Fill
1- F ill in with the right form of BE
BE GOING
GOING TO
TO..
a) I _______________________________________ him tomorrow. (meet)

b) They _____________________________________ to Dublin. (drive)

c) He ________________________________________to the football match. (go)

d) She _________________________________________her aunt. (visit)

e) We __________________________________________a test. (write)

f) They __________________________________________them tea. (offer)

g) My friends _____________________________________their holidays in Wales. (spend)

35
h) My uncle ___________________________________a birthday present for Harry. (buy)

i) I _________________________________________the rabbits. (feed)

j) My father _______________________________________his car. (wash)

k) Tom _________________________________________you with the homework. (help)

l) There __________________________________________a meeting at our school. (be)

2- Put
2- P ut the verbs into their correct form by using the auxiliary ““Will”.
Will”.

a) You ________________________(earn) a lot of money.

b) You ______________________(travel) around the world.

c) You _______________________(meet) lots of interesting people.

d) Everybody __________________________(adore) you.

e) You ______________________________ (not / have) any problems.

f) A lot of people ________________________(see) you.

g) They __________________________________(anticipate) your wishes.

h) There _______________________________ (not / be) anything left to wish for.

i) Everything _____________________________(be) perfect.

j) But all these things _________________________ (happen / only) if you marry me.

UNIT 5
UNIT 5:: FUTURE
FUTURE CONTINUOUS, FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS, FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
SIMPLE AND
AND FUTURE
FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1- Future
1- F continuous.. C
uture continuous Choose sentence..
hoose the right option for each sentence
1. We can watch a movie this evening. The kids ___________ to bed by then.

a) will gone

b) will have gone

c) will be going

2. By 11 o’clock tomorrow, she___________ her driving exam.

a) will have taken

b) have took

c) will take

36
3. She ___________ in London this time next year.

a) will be living

b) shall be living

c) will live

4. Unfortunately, I ___________ the conference in New York.

a) won’t be attended

b) will be attending

c) won’t be attending

5. When you call me, I ___________ dinner

a) will have cooked

b) will be cooking

c) will cooking

2-- FFuture
2 simple.. C
uture perfect simple Complete
omplete these sentences and then translate them
into S Spanish
panish
a) When Molly and Hannah arrive from school he _______________________ (cook) lunch for

them.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

b) Dillon and Henry (wash) ___________________________ their backpacks by Monday.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

c) Mia (forget not) __________________________________ to open the window.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

d) By eight o’clock the baby _________________________________ (fall) asleep.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

3-- FFuture
3 continuous.. C
uture perfect continuous Complete
omplete these sentences and then translate
them into S Spanish.
panish.
a) Julia ___________________________ (read) to her brother for two hours
__________________________________________________________________.

37
b) We _______________________________ (paint) the whole afternoon

____________________________________________________________________________________.

c) Next month I ______________ (study) English for three years

____________________________________________________________________________________.

d) In ten minutes Molly ___________________ (work) for five hours without a break.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

UNIT 6:: MODAL

UNIT 6 MODAL VERBS
VERBS
1- Choose
1- C verb..
hoose the right modal verb

a) There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You _______ buy any.

b) This is a hospital. You _________ smoke here.

c) He had been working for more than 11 hours. He ________ be tired.

d) I ________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But

after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and

forgot almost everything I knew as a child.

e) People __________ walk on the grass.

f) Drivers _________ stop when the traffic lights are red.

g) ________ I ask a question?

h) You __________ take your umbrella, it’s not raining.

i) _________ you speak Italian?

j) ________ I wear a tie?

2- Complete
2- C verb..
omplete these sentences choosing the correct modal verb
1) _______ you help me with my English exam?

a) Might | b) Will | c) Ought | d) Should

2) You ____ read the washing machine instructions carefully or you will ruin your clothes.

a) could | b) must | c) will | d) ought

38
3) We ____ take an umbrella. It looks like it’s raining cats and dogs.

a) may | b) should | c) might | d) could 49

4) ____ you always be late?

a) May | b) Might | c) Would | d) Must

5) I ____ love to go to the beach this August.

a) will | b) may | c) should | d) would

6) She ____ train harder if she wants to break the record.

a) may | b) might | c) should | d) would

7) Rock climbing ____ be dangerous.

a) can | b) shall | c) ought | d) should

8) ____ I wear a fancy dress for the party?

a) Must | b) Should | c) Will | d) May

9) They ____ to work harder.

a) may | b) should | c) ought | d) must

10) You ____ play videogames when you should be studying.

a) musn’t | b) couldn’t | c) shouldn’t | d) won’t

UNIT 7:: PARTS

UNIT 7 PARTS OF
OF SPEECH
SPEECH
1- IIdentify
1- words..
dentify which part of speech are the following underlined words
a) He often plays the trumpet. _______________________________________.

b) Do you like dogs? _______________________________________.

c) My mom will be leaving to Bangalore tomorrow. _______________________________________.

d) She is an old lady. _______________________________________.

e) The group went climbing in the mountains. _______________________________________.

f) There is a cat under the table. _______________________________________.

g) He did well in the test. _______________________________________.

h) My father drives carefully. _______________________________________.

i) Oh! That is really sad. _______________________________________.

39
2- Put
2- P ut the words in the correct category
everybody these lion type slup blue Rachel Our
Want Advice Throw Know pointed that smart
yourselves did patience run me spell himself
bright Sydney excellent easy students which will
volleyball modern woollen who spanish China
western trouble skiing she he

NOUNS VERBS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES

UNIT 8:: ZERO

UNIT 8 ZERO AND
AND FIRST
FIRST CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL

1- Complete
1- C zero..
omplete the sentences using the conditional zero

a) Their teacher gets annoyed if the (students / use) _______________________their mobile

phones in class.

b) I go to the doctor's if (I / not feel) ___________________________very well.

c) If you leave your bike there, (someone / could / take) ____________________it.

d) The (food / stay) _____________________fresh for longer if you put it in the fridge.

e) If you drop the camcorder, (it / might / not work) ________________properly.

40
2-- P
2 Put gaps.. FForm
ut the verbs in brackets into the gaps Conditional
orm a C onditional sentence ––
type I.I. O
Only will-future
nly use the will clauses..
-future in the main clauses

a) If I ___________ (study), I _________ (pass) the exams.

b) If the sun __________ (shine), we ____________ (walk) into town.

c) If he _________ (have) a temperature, he _________ (see) the doctor.

d) If my friends ________ (come), I _________ (be) very happy.

e) If she __________ (earn) a lot of money, she ________ (fly) to New York.

f) If we __________ (travel) to London, we _________ (visit) the museums.

g) If you __________ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _______ (slip) on the rocks.

h) If Rita _________ (forget) her homework, the teacher __________ (give) her a low mark.

i) If they _________ (go) to the disco, they ________ (listen) to loud music.

j) If you ___________ (wait) a minute, I __________ (ask) my parents.

UNIT 9:: SECOND

UNIT 9 SECOND AND
AND THIRD
THIRD CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL

11-- P
Put
ut the verbs in brackets into the gaps
gaps.. FForm Conditional
orm a Conditional sentence ––
type II.
II.

a) If I ______________ (come) home earlier, I ___________ (prepare) dinner.

b) If we _________________ (live) in Rome, Francesco __________ (visit) us.

c) If Tim and Tom ________ (be) older, they __________ (play) in our hockey team.

d) If he _______________ (be) my friend, I ____________ (to invite) him to my birthday party.

e) If Susan __________ (study) harder, she ______________ (be) better at school.

f) If they __________ (have) enough money, they ___________ (buy) a new car.

g) If you _______ (do) a paper round, you ____________ (earn) a little extra money.

h) If Michael ______ (get) more pocket money, he _______ (ask) Doris out for dinner.

2- Write
2- W sentences..
rite the correct form of the verbs to make third conditional sentences
a) If I ____________ (be) thirsty, I _______________ (drink) the lemonade.

b) If I ____________ (know) Kirsty was in town, I ________________ (call) her.

c) If I ___________ (know) this documentary was important, I ____________ (watch) it.

41
d) I __________________ (walk) home from the disco if my friend __________ (be)
too drunk to drive.
e) If I ___________ (be) the store had closed at 6pm, I _______________ (go).
f) If I ___________ (know) the yoghurt was yours, I _______________ (Not/ eat) it.

UNIT 10:: TAG

UNIT 10 TAG QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS AND
AND ECHO
ECHO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS

1- Complete
1- C question..
omplete the tag question
a) Julia is beautiful, ______________________________?

b) Kevin doesn´t speak spanish, ______________________________?

c) She didn´t achieve great success in this company, ______________________________?

d) Christian and Anna aren´t living in California, ______________________________?

e) You haven´t experienced any problems with the software, ______________________________?

f) You had writtern half of the book by the end of april, ______________________________?

g) Rebecca and Justin were business partners, ______________________________?

h) I´m the only one here who loves classic music, ______________________________?

i) Melissa has not cleaned the bathroom, ______________________________?

j) My new office is going to be nice, ______________________________?

k) He has been saving money for many years, ______________________________?

l) The employees may not leave early, ______________________________?

m) You can finish the presentation, ______________________________?

n) Mike likes comedy movies, ______________________________?

o) You will contact the suppliers, ______________________________?

2- Complete
2- C question..
omplete the echo question
a) I saw her yesterday - ______________________________?

b) We are going to the cinema, - ______________________________?

c) You should meet him. - ______________________________?

d) He doesn´t smoke. - ______________________________?

e) He is just perfect. - ______________________________?

42
UNIT 11:: U
UNIT 11 Used
sed to -- B
Bee used to -- G
Get
et used to
1- Chose
1- C sentences::
hose the correct options to complete the sentences
a) Susan is/ is used to being / used to be a nurse. Now she is / is used to being / used to be a

doctor.

b) Helen is used to playing / plays / used to play tennis. Now she is used to playing / plays /

used to play squash.

c) Juan is used to living / lives / used to live in Manchester. Now he is used to living / lives /

used to live in London.

d) When I was a child I got used to / used to / was used to play the piano.

e) Spanish is really difficult. I never used to / used to / will never get used to speaking

Spanish.

f) I don´t mind getting up early. I am used / used to / was used to like Amy Winehouse. Now, I

like Adele.

g) Dave is used to studying / studies / used to study Italian. Now, she is used to studying /

studies / used to study French.

h) Amanda has just moved to Alaska. She is getting used to / is used to / used to the cold

weather.

2-- C
2 Complete Used
omplete the sentences with Used to -- B
Bee used to -- G
Get
et used to and the
verbs in brackets
a) When I was a student, I ______________________________ (work) in a restaurant called

Marmalade and Friends.

b) When I worked there, I ______________________________ (Go) to bed very late at night.

c) It was difficult at first, but Mike soon ______________________________ (work) at night.

d) I ______________________________ (sit) in an office all day. I ______________________________

(be) a gardener.

e) David ______________________________ (work) in Bristol but now he works in London.

f) she ______________________________ (Not fly) on her own. She is always terrified.

43
UNIT 12:: GERUNDS
UNIT 12 GERUNDS AND
AND INFINITIVES
INFINITIVES

11-- C
Choose
hoose the correct option to complete the sentences with an infinitive
appropriate..
with or without to or a gerund as appropriate
a) The boys say that it is very easy ____________________ up that tree.

to climb climb climbing

b) They hardly go ____________________ nowadays.

to swim swim swimming

c) Don’t let him ____________________ so long.

to wait wait waiting

d) When I was a child, we used ____________________ my grandparents every week.

to see see seeing

e) Are you used to ____________________ up early?

to get get getting

2-- C
2 Complete
omplete the sentences by conjugating the verbs in parentheses in the
infinitive ((with/without to)) or in the gerund
with/without to gerund..
a) Last week my friends and I were busy (prepare) ____________________ a surprise party for

our friend Judy.

b) She is very keen on (travel) ____________________ and had been abroad for some time.

c) So why not (welcome) ____________________ her on her return?

d) We asked her parents (give) ____________________ us the keys to her apartment.

e) They liked our idea and offered (help) ____________________ us.

f) When Judy arrived at the airport yesterday, she was a bit disappointed about none of us

(be) ____________________ there and her parents pretended not (know) ____________________

anything.

g) But when she came home, she was happy (see) ____________________ everybody again.

h) Although she hates (speak) ____________________ in front of many people, we made her (tell)

____________________ us about her time abroad.

44
UNIT 13:: PHRASAL
UNIT 13 PHRASAL VERBS
VERBS..

11-- C
Complete
omplete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs verbs:: passed away
away,,
without,, look forward to
do without to,, called off
off,, made up
up,, carried away
away,, break out
out,, run
out,, put up with
out with,, keep up
up..
a) Don't smoke in the forest. Fires _____________ easily at this time of the year.

b) I ____________________ seeing my friends again.

c) I'm afraid; we have _________________of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?

d) Your website has helped me a lot to ___________________the good work.

e) A friend of mine has ____________________her wedding.

f) His mother can't ______________________his terrible behavior anymore.

g) As an excuse for being late, she __________________a whole story.

h) I got ___________________ by his enthusiasm.

i) I just cannot _____________________my mobile. I always keep it with me.

j) She was very sad because her father _______________________last week.

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