Supply Chain Costing
Chapter 9
Verifying the Plan with Cost Monitors
S
DR. Areej Alarifi
2
Introduction:
• The implementation plan is not complete yet, as it only outlines a
strategy and receives support. To maintain momentum, teams should
establish a clear timeline for executing the action plan and monitor
progress. Guidelines for keeping teams focused include:
• Appoint a project coordinator. تتعدى كونها استراتيجية7 فهي،• لم تكتمل خطة التنفيذ بعد
• Hold regular team meetings. ينبغي على الفرق، وللحفاظ على زخم العمل.وتحظى بالدعم
.وضع جدول زمني واضح لتنفيذ خطة العمل ومراقبة التقدم
• Attend all meetings. :تتضمن إرشادات الحفاظ على تركيز الفرق ما يلي
• Avoid negotiations. .• تعي] منسق للمشروع
.• عقد اجتماعات دورية للفريق
• Monitor ongoing performance. .جتماعات7• حضور جميع ا
• Document savings and qualitative benefits. .فاوضاتd• تجنب ا
• Review Goals Specification Worksheet. .ستمرdداء اe• مراقبة ا
.• توثيق الوفورات والفوائد النوعية
• Modify the action plan as necessary. .هدافe• مراجعة ورقة عمل مواصفات ا
.• تعديل خطة العمل حسب الحاجة
ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع
Appoint a project coordinator
• A project coordinator is essential to ensure a team stays on track and
executes a strategy. This person can be a team member or a third party.
• The project coordinator sets up meetings and conferences and is
responsible for coordinating the project.
• This approach allows for quick decisions and execution of strategies,
demonstrating the importance of project coordination.
. يمكن أن يكون هذا الشخص عضًوا في الفريق أو طرًفا ثالث ًا.ستراتيجية7سار الصحيح وتنفيذ اdشروع ضرورًيا لضمان سير عمل الفريق على اd• ُيعّد منسق ا
• Examples: .شروعd وهو مسؤول عن تنسيق ا،ؤتمراتdجتماعات وا7شروع اdظم منسق ا ّ ُين
.شروعd مما ُيبرز أهمية تنسيق ا،ستراتيجيات7يسمح هذا النهج باتخاذ قرارات سريعة وتنفيذ ا
• Motorola's project coordinator had to manage over 300 strategy statements
over three years, despite the constant conference calls and unusual hours.
Despite not completing all strategies, the systematic approach ensured no
wasted time.
• Nokia's culture is similar, with category team leaders (Supply Line Managers)
as project coordinators. They make quick decisions and execute strategies
quickly, a practice many companies follow.
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ، ﺑﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات300 اﺿﻄﺮ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻣﻮﺗﻮروﻻ إﻟﻰ إدارة أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ:أﻣﺜﻠﺔ
ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﮭﺞ، ورﻏﻢ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت.اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة وﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻻﻋﺘﯿﺎدﯾﺔ
.اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﺪم إﺿﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ
ﯾﺘﺨﺬون ﻗﺮارات ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ. ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻮﻟﻰ ﻗﺎدة ﻓﺮق اﻟﻔﺌﺎت )ﻣﺪﯾﺮو ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻮرﯾﺪ( ﻣﮭﺎم ﻣﻨﺴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ،ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻮﻛﯿﺎ
. و ھ ﻲ ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ر ﺳ ﺔ ﺗ ﺘ ﺒ ﻌ ﮭ ﺎ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻛ ﺎ ت، و ﯾ ﻨ ﻔ ﺬ و ن ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘ ﺮ ا ﺗ ﯿ ﺠ ﯿ ﺎ ت ﺑ ﺴ ﺮ ﻋ ﺔ
ﻋﻘﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﯾﻖ
Hold regular team meetings
• Hold weekly or biweekly meetings or conference calls to ensure
effective communication among team members.
• The frequency should be based on the type of action plan, as some
actions may have a long lag between activities.
• Most companies recommend meeting once a week for the first three or
four weeks, then every two weeks for at least four or five months.
• Teams staying together for six months have documented the best
results and can take on new projects.
.• ﻋﻘﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت أو ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت ﺟﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﺔ أو ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ
.ً إذ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﺑﻌﺾ اﻹﺟﺮاءات وﻗﺘًﺎ طﻮﯾﻼ،• ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
ﺛﻢ ﻛﻞ أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﻦ،• ﺗﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿًﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻷﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ أو اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ
.ﻟﻤﺪة أرﺑﻌﺔ أو ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺷﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ
. وﯾﻤﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة،• وﺛّﻘﺖ اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻘﯿﺖ ﻣًﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺘﺔ أﺷﮭﺮ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ
Attend all meetings ﺣﻀﻮر ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت
• Being on time for meetings and conferences is crucial, especially
when dealing with professionals.
• Suppliers have reported inconvenient conference calls set up by utility
companies, causing long wait times for the customer team.
• It is essential to represent the customer, even if it's just for a few
minutes.
. ﺧﺎﺻﺔً ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ،اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ
ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾُﺴﺒّﺐ،أﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﻮردون ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت ﺟﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﯾﺤﺔ ﺗُﻨﻈّﻤﮭﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ
.ﻓﺘﺮات اﻧﺘﻈﺎر طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء
. ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻟﺒﻀﻊ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ،ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ
Avoid negotiations ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت
• Focus on a collaborative effort to execute an action plan.
• Avoid falling into ‘negotiation mode’ when the action plan is not
meeting expectations.
• Avoid the trap of 'negotiation mode'.
.• رّﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﻲ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
• ﺗﺠﻨّﺐ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻓّﺦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗُﻠﺒّﻲ
.ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت
.• ﺗﺠﻨّﺐ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻓّﺦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض
ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷداء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
Monitor ongoing performance .• ﯾﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أﻣًﺮا ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن إﻛﻤﺎل ﺑﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻮﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد
• Regular monitoring of project plan implementation is crucial to ensure completion
of action items by a set date.
.• ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو ﻗﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ إﺑﻘﺎء أوراق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﺛﺔ
• The project coordinator or team leader should keep the worksheets updated.
.• ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺮح ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﮭﻢ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﺧﯿﺮ وإﺑﻼغ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ
• Notes explaining why a project plan or action item is delayed can help the team
understand the cause of delay and inform future use of the strategy.
. ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻛﻤﺎل ﺑﻌﺾ اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓﺮق أﺧﺮى ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮات ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺧﯿﺮات،• ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷداء
• Different teams have different approaches to monitoring performance, with some
actions completed on time while others provide explanations for delays.
• ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻹظﮭﺎر اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ طﺮأت ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت
• A new process map should be developed to show changes made due to the
implementation of the strategies. بما في ذلك الطرق التقليدية مثل تذكير أعضاء الفريق بمواعيد،داءeراقبة اd • يمكن استخدام طرق مختلفة
.ستحقاق وأتمتة التذكيرات7ا
• Various methods of performance monitoring can be used, including traditional
methods like reminding team members of due dates and automating reminders.
• If an action item is overdue, a reminder is sent automatically to the responsible
person, and the project coordinator is copied.
• If a delinquent person is unreasonably long, the matter is escalated to the appropriate
management level for further action. . وﺗُﺮﺳﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع، ﯾُﺮﺳﻞ ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯿًﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول،• ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺄﺧﺮ أﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
ﯾُﺮﻓﻊ اﻷﻣﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻹداري اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻻﺗﺨﺎذ،• ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺄﺧﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺪاد ﻟﻔﺘﺮة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل
.إﺟﺮاءات إﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ
Document savings and qualitative benefits
ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات واﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ
• Documenting savings is crucial for management to ensure the team
has realized monetary and qualitative benefits from a strategy.
• The Customer Services team at Anything Inc. documented their results
in the Verification Worksheet, highlighting the calculation of savings.
• It is essential to state assumptions and validate each one to ensure
accurate results.
ﯾُﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ اﻟﻮﻓﻮرات أﻣًﺮا ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻺدارة ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ
.وﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ
ﺑﺘﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ورﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ.Anything Inc ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ
. ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻮﻓﻮرات،اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ
.ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن دﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ
راجعةdورقة عمل مواصفات أهداف ا
Review Goals Specification Worksheet
. استراتيجيات إدارة التكاليفFixit و.Anything Inc هداف لشركتيe• تحدد ورقة عمل تحديد ا
• The goal specification worksheet for Anything Inc. and Fixit outlines
the strategies for cost management.
• With a savings of nearly $14.5 million on customer service, Anything
Inc. can achieve its target profit margin of 5 percent.
• Other goals include a quick turnaround time for customer satisfaction,
reduced workload for customer service center operations, and a more
knowledgeable customer for Fixit, which will help optimize its
technical service center workload.
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ، ﻣﻠﯿﻮن دوﻻر أﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء14.5 ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺎرب
.%5 ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ھﺎﻣﺶ اﻟﺮﺑﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﺪف اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ.Anything Inc
وﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ ﻋﺐء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ،ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷھﺪاف اﻷﺧﺮى ﺳﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺠﺎز ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت رﺿﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء
ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ،Fixit وزﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﻼء،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء
.ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﺐء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ
تعديل خطة العمل حسب الضرورة
Modify the action plan as necessary . ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻨﮭﺮ،• ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ "اﻟﮭﺪف واﻟﻘﯿﺎدة" اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ واﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ
• The AIM & DRIVE process requires flexibility and adaptability, similar to a
river. . واﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ، وﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ واﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ، ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ،• ﺧﻼل ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
• During the workshop, strategic options are discussed, risks and benefits
evaluated, and a strategy is chosen for implementation.
.• ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت أو ﻗﯿﻮد ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ أو ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
• Issues or constraints may emerge that require the strategy or implementation
plan to be modified. ﻣﻤﺎ أدى، ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺑﺘﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻟﻮن ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ:• ﺗﻮﺿﺢ دراﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ذﻟﻚ
.إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻠﯿﻮﻧﻲ دوﻻر
• A case study illustrates this: a team from a large telecommunication company
standardized the color of a keypad, resulting in savings of around $2 million.
• The marketing team criticized the team for nearly completing the
requalification without consulting them, leading to a modification of the
implementation plan.
• The team reduced the number of shades from eight to two, saving about $1.6
million and causing embarrassment. . ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ،ﻖ ﻹﺗﻤﺎﻣﮫ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺄھﯿﻞ دون اﺳﺘﺸﺎرﺗﮫ
َ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ اﻟﻔﺮﯾ
. وﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺮاﺟﮫ، ﻣﻠﯿﻮن دوﻻر1.6 ﻣﻤﺎ وﻓّﺮ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ،ﺧﻔّﺾ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻈﻼل ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ