Comprehensive Math Formula Sheet for Job
Preparation
A highly-dense, curated reference guide covering Quantitative Aptitude, Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration, and Trigonometry
essential for competitive job exams.
1. Arithmetic & Quantitative Aptitude
Topic Core Formulas & Clues
Change % = (Change / Original) × 100
Percentage
Product Stability: If A is increased by r%, to keep expense same, decrease = [r / (100 + r)] × 100%
Profit = SP - CP | Loss = CP - SP
Profit/Loss % is always calculated on CP.
Profit & Loss
SP = CP × [(100 ± Profit/Loss%) / 100]
Discount is always given on Marked Price (MP). SP = MP × [(100 - Discount%) / 100]
Simple & Compound Simple Interest (I) = (P × r × n) / 100 [P = Principal, r = Rate, n = Years]
Interest Compound Amount (C) = P(1 + r/100)n | CI = C - P
Distance = Speed × Time
Speed, Time & Distance Average Speed = (2xy) / (x + y) when equal distances are covered at speeds x and y.
Relative Speed: Same direction = (u - v) | Opposite direction = (u + v)
2. Algebra & Number Theory
Category Essential Identities & Rules
(a ± b)2 = a2 ± 2ab + b2 | a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)
(a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2) | (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
Basic Algebraic Identities
(a ± b)3 = a3 ± 3a2b + 3ab2 ± b3
a3 ± b3 = (a ± b)(a2 ■ ab + b2)
am × an = am+n | am / an = am-n | (am)n = amn
Indices & Logarithms loga(xy) = logax + logay | loga(x/y) = logax - logay
loga(xm) = m logax | logaa = 1 | loga1 = 0 | Base change: logab × logbc = logac
Arithmetic (AP): n-th term = a + (n - 1)d | Sum (Sn) = n/2 [2a + (n - 1)d]
Progressions (AP & GP)
Geometric (GP): n-th term = arn-1 | Sum (Sn) = a(rn - 1)/(r - 1) for r > 1
3. Trigonometry
Concept Formulas & Ratios
sin θ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse | cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse | tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
Basic Ratios
cosec θ = 1/sin θ | sec θ = 1/cos θ | cot θ = 1/tan θ
Fundamental Identities sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 | sec2θ - tan2θ = 1 | cosec2θ - cot2θ = 1
0°: sin=0, cos=1, tan=0
30°: sin=1/2, cos=√3/2, tan=1/√3
Standard Values (θ) 45°: sin=1/√2, cos=1/√2, tan=1
60°: sin=√3/2, cos=1/2, tan=√3
90°: sin=1, cos=0, tan=∞ (Undefined)
4. Geometry & Mensuration Reference Summary
Shape / Type Key Formulas for Exam Speed
Rectangle: Area = l × b | Perimeter = 2(l + b) | Diagonal = √(l2 + b2)
Rectangle & Square
Square: Area = a2 | Perimeter = 4a | Diagonal = a√2
General Area = ½ × base × height or √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)] where s = (a+b+c)/2
Triangles Equilateral Triangle: Area = (√3/4)a2 | Height = (√3/2)a
Isosceles Triangle: Area = (b/4)√(4a2 - b2)
Area = πr2 | Circumference = 2πr
Circle & Sectors
Arc Length (s) = (θ/360) × 2πr | Sector Area = (θ/360) × πr2
Cube: Volume = a3 | Surface Area = 6a2 | Diagonal = a√3
Cuboid: Volume = lbh | Surface Area = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Solid Geometry (3D)
Cylinder: Volume = πr2h | Curved Surface Area = 2πrh | Total SA = 2πr(r + h)
Sphere: Volume = (4/3)πr3 | Surface Area = 4πr2