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1 Introduction

Nutrition is the science that examines how living organisms consume and utilize food for life, growth, and energy production, with nutrients being essential for basic bodily functions obtained through a balanced diet. The digestive system processes food through ingestion, breakdown, absorption, and elimination, while metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that convert food into energy. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) is a measurement used to assess body fatness based on height and weight.

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0 views11 pages

1 Introduction

Nutrition is the science that examines how living organisms consume and utilize food for life, growth, and energy production, with nutrients being essential for basic bodily functions obtained through a balanced diet. The digestive system processes food through ingestion, breakdown, absorption, and elimination, while metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that convert food into energy. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) is a measurement used to assess body fatness based on height and weight.

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mano.dsp357
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© All Rights Reserved
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INTODUTION TO

NURITION CHAPTER 1
PH. ALAA MAJAR
Definition

 Nutrition is the branch of science )‫(فرع من العلوم‬that studies the


process)‫ (عملية‬by which living organisms )‫(الكائنات الحية‬take in and use
food for the maintenance of life)‫ (الحفاظ على الحياة‬, growth)‫(نمو‬,
reproduction)‫(تكاثر‬, the functioning of organs and tissues ‫(عمل األعضاء‬
)‫و األنسجة‬, and the production of energy)‫(إنتاج الطاقة‬.

 Nutrients are chemical substances )‫(مواد‬required by )‫(يحتاجها‬the body


to sustain basic functions )‫(الحفاظ على الوظائف األساسية‬and are optimally
obtained )‫(يتم الحصول عليها‬by eating a balanced diet)‫(نظام غذائي متوازن‬.
Food Pyramid
Digestive system

 The digestive system )‫(الجهاز الهضمي‬is composed of )‫(يتألف من‬:


the mouth, pharynx ‫ بلعوم‬, esophagus ‫مري‬, stomach ‫ معدة‬, small
intestine ‫ معي دقيق‬, large intestine ‫( معي غليظ‬or colon),
rectum ‫مستقيم‬, and anus‫ الشرج‬.

 There are four steps )‫ (مراحل‬in the digestion process)‫ (عملية الهضم‬:
ingestion ‫ تناول‬, the mechanical and chemical breakdown )‫(تفكيك‬
of food, nutrient absorption ‫ امتصاص‬, and elimination ‫إطراح‬of
indigestible ‫ غير المهضوم‬food.
Digestion

 Digestion )‫(الهضم‬: converts )‫(تحويل‬the

food we eat into smaller particles

)‫(أجزاء أصغر‬, which will be processed

into energy )‫ (طاقة‬or used as

building blocks)‫ (وحدات بناء‬.


Metabolism

 Metabolism )‫)االستقالب‬: is the chemical reactions )‫ (تفاعالت كيمائية‬in the

body's cells )‫(خاليا الجسم‬that change )‫(تحول‬food into energy)‫(طاقة‬.

 Our bodies need )‫(يحتاج‬this energy to do everything from moving

)‫(الحركة‬to thinking )‫(التفكير‬to growing)‫(النمو‬.


Calories
A Nutrition Facts Panel for Yogurt

 Calories )‫(السعرات الحرارية‬:are a


measurement )‫ (مقياس‬of a specific
quantity )‫(كمية محددة‬of energy
contained )‫(الموجودة‬in foods.

 The number of calories contained


in a commercially prepared food is
listed on the Nutrition Facts panel.
BMI

 Body mass index (BMI)  BMI = [weight (kg)] ÷ height (m)2

)‫(مؤشر كتلة الجسم‬is calculated  underweight (with a BMI less than 18.5)

) ‫سب‬
َ ‫(يُح‬using height )‫(الطول‬and  Normal (with BMI between18.5 - 24.9)
weight )‫(الوزن‬measurements and
 overweight (with a BMI over 25)
is more predictive of body
fatness than weight alone.  obese (with a BMI over 30)
Sources

 [Link]

abstract/255850674?redirectedFrom=fulltext

 [Link]

 [Link]

ed%3A%20meh%2DTAB,moving%20to%20thinking%20to%20growing.

 [Link]

srv/nation/daily/graphics/diet_042005.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_10

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