QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following Supreme Court judgments declared Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code
(adultery) unconstitutional, thereby decriminalising adultery in India?
A. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India
B. Joseph Shine v. Union of India
C. Shayara Bano v. Union of India
D. K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India

2. With reference to the concepts of "Rule of Law" and "Rule by Law," consider the following
statements:
[Link] by Law means all persons are equal before the law and are subject to the same legal
standards.
[Link] of Law implies that laws may be applied unequally or used as instruments to favour those in
power.
3. Rule by Law is a fundamental feature of constitutional democracy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. None of the above

3. With reference to the evolution of reservation policy in India, consider the following statements:
[Link] idea of reservation in India originated with the recommendations of the Mandal Commission.
[Link] Communal Award was announced after the Constitution of India came into force.
[Link] for Other Backward Classes in Central Government services was introduced broadly at
the rate of 27%.
[Link] Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 introduced reservation for Economically Weaker
Sections.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 3 and 4 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 3 and 4 only

4. With reference to the constitutional provisions relating to the removal of the Chairman or a
Member of a State Public Service Commission, consider the following statements:
[Link] Governor may suspend the Chairman or a Member of a State Public Service Commission
pending an inquiry ordered by the President.
[Link] Governor has the power to remove the Chairman or a Member of a State Public Service
Commission on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
[Link] President may remove the Chairman or a Member of a State Public Service Commission only
after the Supreme Court, on reference made by the President, reports that the person ought to be
removed on the ground of misbehaviour.
[Link] advice of the Council of Ministers is constitutionally mandatory for the Governor while
exercising the power of suspension under Article 317.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

5. With reference to the Special Leave Petition (SLP) under the Constitution of India, consider the
following statements:
[Link] Supreme Court is constitutionally bound to grant a Special Leave Petition whenever a
substantial question of law is involved.
[Link] power to grant a Special Leave Petition under Article 132 of the Constitution is a discretionary
power of the Supreme Court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

6. Consider the following statements:

Assertion (A): Cheetahs are found predominantly in Africa.
Reason (R): Grasslands and savannas, the preferred habitats of cheetahs, are extensively distributed
across the African continent.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

7. Consider the following statements regarding Global Wind Day:

[Link] is observed annually on 15 June.
[Link] theme of India's Global Wind Day 2026 Conference is "Wind Energy: From Ambition to
Acceleration."
[Link] Global Wind Day 2026 Conference in India will be hosted in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

8. India's largest railway hydrogen storage and refuelling facility has been established at:
A. Varanasi
B. Jind
C. Perambur
D. Kapurthala
9. With reference to cotton cultivation in India, consider the following statements:
[Link] is the only country in the world that cultivates all four recognised species of cotton.
[Link] ranks first in the world in terms of cotton production.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

10. Which of the following comprises only the Nordic countries?

A. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland
B. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Estonia
C. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Ireland
D. Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania

11. The term 'LokOS', recently seen in the news, refers to:
A. A digital platform for Self-Help Groups under DAY-NRLM.
B. A digital platform for monitoring elections.
C. An e-governance operating system under Digital India.
D. A blockchain platform for rural infrastructure monitoring.

12. Which one of the following reports was used by the British to justify the annexation of the
Kingdom of Awadh (Oudh) in 1856 on the grounds of maladministration?
A. Minto Report
B. Fraser Report
C. Outram Report
D. Hunter Report

13. With reference to Buddhism and Jainism, consider the following statements:
Buddhism believes in the existence of an eternal soul (Atman), whereas Jainism rejects the concept
of a permanent soul.
Buddhism is an atheistic religion, whereas Jainism is an agnostic religion.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

14. The term 'Masnavi', frequently encountered in the context of medieval Indian literature, refers to:
A. A revenue settlement introduced during the Delhi Sultanate.
B. A title conferred upon provincial governors in the Mughal Empire.
C. A Persian manuscript used for recording royal decrees.
D. A Persian narrative poem in rhyming couplets.
15. Which of the following folk dances are correctly matched with the States to which they are
traditionally associated?
Folk Dance State
1. Ghoomar Rajasthan
2. Garba Gujarat
3. Rouf Himachal Pradesh
4. Bihu Assam
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

16. Consider the following pairs:

Philosopher/Reformer Associated Philosophy/Institution
1. Adi Shankaracharya Dvaita
2. Ramanujacharya Advaita
3. Basavanna Anubhava Mantapa
4. Madhvacharya Vishishtadvaita
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All four

17. With reference to the Credit-to-GDP Gap, consider the following statements:
1.A positive Credit-to-GDP Gap indicates that the banking sector has ample room for sustainable
credit growth.
2. A negative Credit-to-GDP Gap suggests that credit growth has exceeded its long-term trend,
indicating the possibility of financial stress.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

18. The terms Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB), Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCCB), Liquidity
Coverage Ratio (LCR), and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) are associated with which one of the
following?
A. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations on anti-money laundering
B. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for accounting practices
C. OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) framework for international taxation
D. Basel III norms for banking regulation
19. The Jan Samarth Portal, recently seen in the news, is primarily related to:
A. Digital health records and telemedicine services
B. Online filing of income tax and GST returns
C. Unified access to government procurement and e-marketplace services
D. A one-stop digital platform for Government-sponsored loan and subsidy schemes

20. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched in which one of the following years?
A. 2014
B. 2015
C. 2016
D. 2017