FORM TWO
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MARKING GUIDE
SECTION A (15 marks)
1. (@ 1 marks = 10 marks)
i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x
C C B C B C C B B B
2. (@ 1 marks = 5 marks)
i ii iii iv v
B E D C A
SECTION B (70 marks)
3. a) A computer system is a set of integrated components that work together to
input, process, store, and output data. (2 marks)
b) Components:
i. Hardware
ii. Software
iii. Data
iv. People (users) (@ 1 marks = 4 marks)
c) Functions
i. Hardware: Performs physical operations (input, processing, output).
ii. Software: Provides instructions to control hardware.
iii. Data: Raw facts processed into information.
iv. People: Operate and manage the system. (@ 1 marks = 4 marks)
d) How the Components Work Together
i. Hardware & People (The Interface): (@ 1 marks = 4 marks)
The process begins when a person (the librarian) uses hardware devices like a
keyboard or a barcode scanner to input data. For example, when a student borrows
a book, the librarian scans the book's barcode and the student's ID card.
ii. Software & Hardware (The Processing):
The software (Library Management System) receives this input and instructs the
CPU (hardware) to process it. The software checks the database to see if the
student is registered or if the book is already overdue.
iii. Data & Software (The Information):
The data (the specific book title, student name, and date) is organized and updated
by the software. If the transaction is valid, the software updates the status of the
book from "Available" to "Borrowed."
iv. Hardware & Data (The Storage and Output):
The updated data is then saved onto a hard drive or server (storage hardware) so it
can be retrieved later. Finally, the hardware (monitor or printer) provides output by
displaying a confirmation message or printing a due-date slip for the student.
4. Hardware Scenarios
(a) Computer Hardware: The physical, tangible parts of a computer system. (2
marks)
(b) Input Device: Scanner. (2 marks)
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(c) Processing Part: CPU (Central Processing Unit). (2 marks)
(d) Storage Examples: (i) Hard Disk Drive, (ii) Flash Disk / SSD. (@ 2 marks = 4
marks)
5. a) Input devices are used to enter data into a computer. (2 marks)
b) Output devices display or produce processed data. (2 marks)
c) Input: Keyboard, Mouse
Output: Printer, Monitor(@0.5 mark = 2 marks)
d) * Keyboard: Types documents.
Mouse: Navigates the software and selects commands.
Monitor: Displays work for visual verification and editing.
Printer: Produces hard copies of the typed documents. (@ 1 mark = 4
marks)
6. a) Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. 2 marks
b) (@ 1 mark = 4 marks)
Feature System Software Application Software
i. Primary Purpose Acts as an interface Designed to help the user
between the hardware perform specific tasks
and the user; it manages (e.g., writing a report,
the computer's internal calculating a budget).
resources.
ii. Primary Purpose Can run independently of Cannot run without the
application software; it presence of system
starts as soon as the software (the Operating
computer is turned on. System).
iii. User Interaction Users generally do not Users interact with it
interact with it directly; it directly to achieve specific
works in the background. goals or output.
iv. Installation Usually comes pre- Installed by the user
installed with the based on their specific
computer or is installed needs (e.g., installing a
when the OS is set up. specialized accounting
program).
c) i. System Software Examples: Windows 10/11, Linux, macOS. . @ 0.5 mark = 02
marks
ii. Application Software Examples: Microsoft Excel, Tally (Accounting), WhatsApp.
d) Software is essential in business because it automates repetitive tasks, ensures
accuracy in calculations (like accounting), allows for easy data storage and
retrieval, and improves overall employee productivity. . 2 marks
7. a) Distinguishing Browser vs. Search Engine(@ 1.5 mark = 3 marks)
Difference: A Web Browser is a software application used to access and
view websites (the "gateway"), whereas a Search Engine is a website/tool
within the browser used to find specific information across the World Wide
Web using keywords.
Examples: * Browser: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge.
o Search Engine: Google, Bing, or Yahoo.
b) Significance of HTTPS(@ 1 mark = 2 marks)
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The "s" stands for Secure. It indicates that the communication between
Juma’s computer and the website is encrypted.
Importance: It is critical for email because it prevents unauthorized people
(hackers) from "sniffing" or stealing his login credentials (username and
password) while they are being transmitted over the network.
c) Internet Safety and Threats(@ 1.5 mark = 3 marks)
Threat: This is likely a Phishing or Scam attempt designed to steal personal
information (Identity Theft).
Advice: Juma should never provide personal details to unknown pop-ups. He
should close the window immediately, avoid clicking any links in the
message, and inform his teacher or lab assistant.
d) Hardware Connection (@ 1 mark = 2 marks)
Device: Modem (or Router/Gateway).
Function: The modem converts digital data from the school's computer into
a format suitable for transmission over communication lines (like telephone
or fiber optic) and vice versa (Modulation and Demodulation), enabling the
school to communicate with the ISP.
8. a) Maintenance is the process of keeping a computer in good working condition.
1 mark
b) Causes: (@ 0.5 mark = 2 marks)
Dust
Power surges
Liquid spills
Poor ventilation
c) Prevention: (@ 1 mark = 4 marks)
Clean regularly
Use UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Avoid liquids
Ensure ventilation
d) It increases lifespan, reduces costs, and improves performance. 3 marks
9. a) Troubleshooting is a systematic process used to identify, diagnose, and fix
problems within a computer system. . 1 mark
b) Steps: (@ 1 mark = 4 marks)
1. Identify the problem.
2. Establish a theory of probable cause.
3. Test the theory to determine the cause.
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the
solution.
c) Problems: (@ 0.5 mark = 2 marks)
Hardware: Faulty RAM, loose power cables, or an overheating CPU.
Software: Operating System corruption, virus/malware infection, or
incompatible drivers.
d) Precautions: (@ 1.5 mark = 3 marks)
i. Always turn off and unplug the computer before touching internal
hardware.
ii. Back up important data before making significant software changes.
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SECTION C: (15 MARKS)
10. Case Study and ICS (15 Marks)
(a) Boot Process (3 Marks): No, the OS is likely missing or corrupted. The
OS's job during "boot" is to load the kernel into RAM and initialize hardware.
(b) Applications (2 Marks):
(i) Spreadsheet (e.g., Excel) for profits;
(ii) (ii) Word Processor (e.g., MS Word) for letters.
(c) Installation Importance (4 Marks): To ensure all system dependencies
and configuration files are correctly placed so the software can communicate
with the new hardware.
(d) Vitality of ICS in Tanzania (6 Marks):
(i) Promotes self-employment through digital skills.
(ii) Facilitates e-learning and access to global education resources.
(iii) Enhances national competitiveness in the digital economy.
(iv) Improves efficiency in government services (e-government).
(v) Encourages innovation in local problem-solving.
(vi) Bridges the digital divide between urban and rural areas.