CHAPTER PREVIEW « Plants make food . Plants use food to grow and live + About parts of a leaf + How plants make food + How plants use their food + How plants and animals [ depend on each other Plants are living things that make their own food. Green plants make food in their leaves Humans and some animals eat G plants to live and grow. B WARM-UP (el Enssae We see green plants all around us. Green plants make their own food. We must, therefore, learn about how plants make food and how [they use food to grow. Do you know how green plants make food?y grows under the groun, d. Leaves, flowers and fi the leaf—the part ofa Pl Let us now learn abot to live and grow. How do plants make food? ‘Most plants have leaves, mostly green in colour. They gf there are many different types of lea yon the stems and branches of plants. but some parts are common to What are the parts of a leaf? ‘Most leaves have three main external parts— about these parts. Stalk: The part of a lea to the stem is called Leaf blade: The lat part of the leafis called 1 leaf blade. The underside of the leaf stalk, leaf blade and veins. Let us learn Midnb eat tag leaf blade are he middle of idrib. In many leaves, veins branch out from the midrib and cover the leaf blade. In some leaves, side nce that makes leaves appear green is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll aso helps leaves prepare food by the process of photosynthesis Stomata Parts ofa leat Chlorophyll is also resent in the green stems of plants, hhotosynthesis? | me id synthe a plant id release oxygen i ‘food ar takes in (or absorbs) energy from sunlight. i! Light energy oxygen their sto Carbon dioxide 5. In the process Roots of the plant Ye kein water and of making food, ‘minerals from plants give out | which oxygen Photosynthesis Photosynthesis provides oxygen that we and other living things need to stay alive. So, we can say that human beings and all animals depend on plants. How do we know sunlight is required for photosynthesis? ‘Take two plants of the same kind growing pots. Place one plant (Pot A) like after a week? Pot A Pot 8 foe CED 8 sca latpmomten’ntounenenatorre repo 5. plant tke itt thei tir | plants take carbon dioxide through precent leaves | renee it fomthe | rhe chloraphyl present in leaves | helps plants to absorb | Plants give ot that we use to breathe, into the air) How do plants use food? Plants use the food prepared (glucose) to grow and stay alive. The extra food prepared by the plant is stored in the plant to use later when required. Plants store food n ther parts stems, roots and also seeds) When we eat fruits iored food reaches our body. know food in plants is stored as starch? in half. Pat afew drops will see that the How dowe How do plants and animals depend oneach other? PO Look te up Le) Search online for answers and discuss in class. There are many different fod chins | inthe word Fre out any oe fod hain thet intudes insects ‘A food chain always begins 4s producers. Animals consu ‘animals are known as consumers. shows how producers and consumers A food chain ca depend on each other for food.‘ (ite —___— riential Learning (enim the importance of gee | frwmtaapenerarng and found hatha ran pats ode wp. Cab, LAGE A404 ana aovrol \ plant bowl $ydelurdy v bah 13D0K oT ry morminy tea becouse 7 ee Drax oll be! no. “tolay, WU id. d&,.nok-..aS my ron fea. the whole werld city - 6 er ichofel Mad yecaudp Lenk ive ~~ STEED ce “we [Link] pe oak "ee: describe how plants use food and to understand that plants are : poor wrt Hae Yap. CACY > Yi noF.. Ot ar ueobserveand answer. he picture given alongside. Wht is the Lookat rae tiny openings seen on the leaf? A. OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 1. Choose the correct answer. (a) This i the part ofa plant that takes in water and minerals. it, Fruit iv. Leaf | iL Root ii. Shoot ine lines seen on the leaf blade. Chlorophyll iv. Veins & tosynth Lt the things tequired for the process of photosynthesis, ‘Why are animals known as consumers? detail. iv. Leaf blade i. Consumers Both ofthese IK. None ofth (e) This substance gives green i. Starch fi, Glucose ii Write T for True. Write F for False. ‘The flat part of the leaf is called the stalk wves absorbs energy from sunlight. nd animals are called producers. ji. Chlorophyll iv. Stoma puzzibovER eas Co. brother performed this activity in school. What conclusion can you draw from (d)_ The food made by green plants is called starch. (e) Animals depend on plants for oxygen. ) Take a green leaf and boilit in water. (b) Then boil he laf in alcohol (@) Add a few drops of iodine ings on the underside of the leaf the leaf is called the (b). The thick vein in the middle. seen plants prepare their food using sunlight, water and hain that shows how producers and consumers depend on |. Answer in one word. (a) The gas which stomata present on leaves take in from the ait (b) The form in which plants store their food for later use ake leaves appear green 1d in their bodies heir )) "The substance present in leaves that 1g beings that produce t beings that cannot produce their own food (presence/absence) of lants or animals ‘The blue-black colour on the leaf indicates the starch in green leaves.Dd, SKILL CRART ANALYSIS & CREATING TT iy 1. Project Work Multi (a) Observe leaves of pl. their parts, (b) Write a Story or draw a comic on the theme of the interdependence of plants and animals, telligence } lants around you. Draw five different types of leaves and abe 2 Research/ Activity BE Dice You have learnt how producers and consumers depend on each other. What do you think would happen to animals in a forest if all trees were cut? Discuss in groups and present your findings in class. 4. Connect to Life Can we say that stomata of a plant function like our nostrils? Why? Self-check can: _ COOL With the help ofa grown-up, find out about the famous traditional cuisine of your Tegion | Collect Pictures of this cuisine and make a collage with these pictures on a paper Plate,” Choose any one dish from this cuisine and identify its ingredients with the help of a srown-up. Ina table, list the ingredients sourced from producers (e.g., rice from Plants) and those sourced from consumers (e.g., milk from animals). draw and name the parts of a leaf, describe the process of photosynthesis, write a few ways in which plants use the food they prepare. write how plants and animals depend on each other,| 8 CLOTHES OUR POTS TORs e querer + Clothes + Fibres + Why we need clothes | + What we mean by fibres [; Whatwe mean by fibres * ms WARM-UP (22) Engage] =... We wear different kinds of clothes at We weer clothes for protection. Depending on different times, ‘the weather and seasons, we wear different kinds of clothes, We must, therefore, learn about different types of clothes and what they are made of Why should we wear different kinds of clothes | in diferent seasons? why ae do we need clothes? se clothes to cover our bodies, Weal en u d ee protect us from the heat of "es because they the Sun rays fy us, summer, we wear Clothes that keep us cou lend . er) Clothes protect us from cold weather. n winter, a Real-world Connect! * ye wear clothes that keep our bodies warn Before people new haw to ‘Clothes protect us from rain, Whe bg ‘make clothes, they used ‘0 Wear animal sks and leaves to cover and rotect ther bodes, tase raincoats, gumboots and umbr. ourselves dry. Clothes protect us from insect bites, By ur bodies properly covered with gs mosquitoes from themselves from bee stings. Keeping hes, we reduce th {Clothes protect us from diferent weather Some people wear special kinds of clothes forthe kind of work they wear school uniforms to school. People lik doctors, lawyer, policemen and soldiers wear special kinds of clothes Weeey, person does by looking at their clothes @ | 2 oe ? Astronaut Firefighter Student rs, ie kind of work aLawyer special kind of clothes 1 that we wear different kinds of clothes ap To name the types of clothes to understan heir use. ‘Special clothes What are the types of fibres? ‘There are two main types of fibres: + Natural fibres + Human-made fi cotton fibre from the coton plane. ed to make cotton clothes, We read cool. Cotton plant jute from the jute plant. We use clothes and bags made ee = ——. v Le | & uteri | Coconut tree Coirrol oirmat Jute plant ‘We get coir from coconut trees, The fibre we get from coconut we mats and ropes made of coir.and silk are animal fibres ins, : . pen it ‘om rain, Clot ere th Ardy ee ad rfc Nace swe wear clothes made of, alloy made of SY ~ sincoats, umbrellas and gumby eines Sethe ary a ast oof ‘material. oots are made of wal Woollen sweater Cotton dress Waterproof jack Jacket care of clothes hhat fibres our clothes ar 1 ieshould know wl made of. This would h wes me uld help us take proper Id be washed = cotton clothes shou! properly with soap or de Ce ts haa al P oF detergent to keep them clean, lothes may have wrinkles ater washing, So, they should be ironed to remove sik thread ake them look neat. taman-made fibres: Fibres that are not natura, roe nade by humans are called human-made vyos Sach fibres are also called artificial fibres oF “ ynthetic fibres. These fibres are made in factories tring chemicals. Nylon acrylic, polyester and -e some human-made fibres. We use ropes, and different types of clothes made of . cl wrinkles and m: Woollen and silk clothes should be dry-cleaned. We should nots «in hot water as it may damage the fabric eo clothes |We should follow washing or care instructions on the laundry labels So) Y w) Clothes should be stored properly when not in use. Woollen and silk clothes should be protected from insects such as moths and silverfish as these insects fnake holes in such clothes. Moth balls or naphthalene balls and dried neem es can be kept between these clothes to keep insects away. rayon umbre! Things made of nylon human-made fibres. leave Clothes made from synthetic fibres are usually wwrinkle-fre, absorb less water and dry quickly as compared to clothes made from natural fibres. Why do we wear clothes made of different fibres? We usually wear clothes made of cotton during summer, Such clothes keep our body cool. Clothes made of acrylic Neem leaves keep insects away pest (siverfish) that Acloth label with instructions for proper care of clothes damages clothes We usually wear clothes made of wool during winter. Such clothes keep our body warm,> Torame different kinds of BFE ctothes that keep YOU GE ee sed ro make cothes that Keep ik Coit W. Allofthese Sik iw. Lion Aik Rain oat ix Sikscarf 4, Write T for True. Write (a), Natural fibres are m: (b) Neem leaves are used (o) Waterproof clothes (@) Cotton clothes keep us {© Hluman-made fibres ae also cll 4, Observe and answer. Look at these pictures. Write a sentence on ‘been done for you. & Coto den we would wea these thes. One has My favourite dress, 7. My bedsheet Sweater ‘Gunboots5 connect oie eam ould we USE Man Material made oy Stifese animals ater we take the desired yalue Education 4. Valu send of throwing 3 YOU od choo need. Find out about ople about organ From to people in need. Take th help of grown donation drive. are important are clothes made of? he two main types of HDFES 1 thes people wear three examples of human-made entity terete F]_ esr te ferencnds ofcotes wee T]_wte about afew deren ype O ee : “h we can take care of our clothes. (e)_ Write three ways in whic write about how to take care of clothes, . PUZZLE OVER a woollen sweater and mufler on a hot sunny fd sweating ina few minutes. Why? Suggest Should wear on a hot sunny day. 1, Natasha w day. She what Natasha b. SKILLCRAFT 1 Project Work aa Make a sock puppet using old socks. “Take a clean pair of socks that is notin use anymore. Instead nake puppets out of them. Place your re! ‘ocks and mark the place where your fingers ar. nthe centre ofthe area stick or draw eyes. tick le) some old pieces of wool as halt. Your sock puppet is ready. Do the same ier sock. Have your friends make similar ‘Puppets and organise a puppet show in class on how clothes Ema(qaPTER PREVIEW rates of matter ent states St | mixing differ of matter |. What we mean by different states of matter . What we mean by solids, liquids and gases . Whether substances having different states of matter can be mixed or not why Matter around us exists it s in three aN diferent states. WARM-UP (25) Ergage Materials around us exist in three forms— solids, liquids and gases. Marka tick (/) on eny one solid, liquid and that you see in the above picture Wemust, therefore, learn about the a of matter and what happens Sa mix substances belonging i ‘ent states of matter.around us exist" a copof hot tea We car ‘materials in this. What do phavein common? sesin liquid are loosely packeg Me they can Move about more ec ica, tea ana te tea “hese things have massa they take 8 space Cupot hott jes in Liquid is greater than the up spa . _ ‘this means that gus ear geben Anyth tha has mass and takes up spaces called mater ‘mc oe : : iy wean ‘heanoamaean oS MS {ts mass. The amount of space ma ofthe cota cy ae pour Mt Mecsas : eel pace ‘gates, orange juice and ol are exam gus axe, therefore, made of a of tiny pa ‘Things around us cules are so small that we cannot see them, called molecules. in which matter exists are called states of matter. The forms i What are the different states of matter? + exists in three states: solids, liquids and gases Tnorde to find out what state of matter a substance i, we need to under s etume ofthe substance and how molecules a = on such asthe shape, mas an init ses d0 What are solids? ail up al the available space Solids have a definite shape, mass and volume. They are made in gases are very loosely packed an i around freely. Therefore, gists lso ow Nos gus faat be see at we breathe, wind tha lis the kite, air isde ablloon, oxygen and cabo hat are closely packed together. As molecules they cannot move about freely. This is what te shape. fea car tyre, water vapour in cloud gives sol ‘A brick, bowl, book, pencil and some toys are example i L ce examples of solids. Molec ze dioxide gases in ai are examples of gases Wooden bow! Pencil Book ulin l Examples of solids \ ‘filed balloons efile Examples of goes 1ee ek iy est [e Yourself! —Profciene| Procaz . a «to understand that materials ise solids, liquids and gas° round us two glass ‘To recog” ‘ave step’ ; Take : @5 filled wit forms. ater. ‘ons of sand in the oth as me substancesto tei tates OF m e080 : “ 25g Stes 1, Match ep 2 st water iN BOT Gases "oat, c Syethe 9AS865 UNKISubed toy OF eae tg ss jo minutes. & & gap 3008eT the ase, RN | Juice ms to have disappeared Pebble Water: Air aitsee! red in , a —— tied ipo glassof water Butsandcanbe Aithgiag 48 | i bottom of t ir solid state himensiie Gas state senate os Spy Sta | (ta iss eat Sompa | tr we can say that some soli Srnassaltparicles mixin iquids, 5, Soa | re solids such as Sand partces Mies Jono mixin liquids. ter sedis is ir ‘mixin water wvhen a solid appears to have disappeared ing 2 | soon NO fixed i uid, lume Vol , So, in the ab we Volur I me the liqui ae i Spee ty, we can say tat ate he solid has dissolved peing liquid, its molecules are slight loosely packed : * isohedin water ter , ‘ ol Itmolecules take up the | Loosely packed - 2 Te even after adding two spoonfuls of Molecules she substance that gets dissolved in a jd is known as the solute, Here, satis | Example | | When the solute does not mixedina ‘get evenly iquid in which a substance gets vent, solution snot colved is known as the solvent. Here, ter is the solvent. solutions. For example, ink mixes ater Some liquids do not mix well with certain a ‘pes of liquids. For example, oil does not mix i water. rer Inkmixesin water, Oidoes not mixin water Can we mix substances having different states of matter? What happens when you add sugar (solid) to milk (liquid) or ice (solid) to orange juice (liquid)? By doing so, you mix two different substances having two different states of matter. In our daily lives, we mix many substances having different states of matter. Let us learn more about mixing solids, iquids and gases with each other. Mixing solids with liquids Many solids can be mixed with liquids. Let us see what happens when we mix salt (a solid) or sand (a solid) with water (a liquid).mixing 9955 some g0565 ismixed wil Innate, O%7 animals ike fish S Toname substal with liquids nix will coloured liquids cygen gasis mi (a) lama substance th s. For example, carbon dioxide niga make fizzy inks ike xed in wate. This helps aquatic breathe in water. ces to understand that some solids liquids and gases id in which other subs -. @—-®@ lama sugar cube. lamat t Matter: Anything that occupies space and hhas mass, | | Solute: The substance that dissolves in cE lam sweetened tea, So,lam a: substance in which the 5 y particles pre iquid formed by mixing a solute and a solvent GoalsTo observe life States, Of matter 1 Take abook and drat outing nye — he book is a furs aroundwer 1, honor these are solids because ound me ebook using 4 becasse it hag 2 2, When food is cooked nthe kitchen, its soma spread re cooking releases steas whichis a, rcansethe molecules ofa, are A fourgases or things filled with gaes around t. = how these are gases because, Stoll rooms, The ara spreads to al packed, 3 3, Pour some water from a jug into a glass anda small cup. water takes the shape ofthe itispoured in Water isa because it flows. It flows because it does not have w. volume. A fear liquids around mest 2 3 thew these are liquids because