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complex 6

This document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their definition, properties, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also discusses the geometrical representation of complex numbers using the Argand diagram and the concept of modulus and argument. Additionally, it includes examples and procedures for performing calculations with complex numbers.

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2 views23 pages

complex 6

This document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their definition, properties, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also discusses the geometrical representation of complex numbers using the Argand diagram and the concept of modulus and argument. Additionally, it includes examples and procedures for performing calculations with complex numbers.

Uploaded by

otitgiubabra1
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
6 Complex Numbers 6.1 INTRODUCTION We have learnt the complex numbers in the previous class. Hore we will review the complex ‘number. In this chapter we will eam how to ada subuact. multiply and divide complex num 62 COMPLEX NUMBERS [Link] ofthe form a + {bis called a complex number when w and are real numbers and JY. We call “a* the real part and °b" the imaginary part of the complex number a+ 1b. If 4 =O the number £2 is said t be purely imaginary, if ~ 0 the number @ is real. ‘A complex number x iy is denoted by = 6.3. GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION OF IMAGINARY NUMBERS Let Ot be positive a ers which is represented by x and OA" by — And “x = WP =i (ey is on OX. means that the multiplication of the real number x by 1 twice amounts to the rolation of Of through to right angles to roach O11 Thus, it means that multiplication of x by é is equivalent to the rotation of x through one right angle to reach 04" Hence, y-axis is known as imaginary axis. Multiplication by J rotates its direction through a right angle 64 ARGAND DIAGRAM Mathematician Argand represented a complex number in a ddiagrase known as Argand diagram, A complex number x + iy ‘can be represented by a point P whose co-ordinate are (x 9). The tis of + ie called the real axis and the axis of y the fmaginary ‘xis. The distance OP is the modulus and the angle, OP makes With the tennis, fe the argument of oF +d DF 0 Here sum of two positive numbers is zero, This is only possible if each number is zero. fe, (0-080 > ae and (d—bP=0 = bad Ans. 487 (Complex Numbers (69. ADDITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS Latest th and €+ A bt complex nurs, hon (ett s(er id = wed 1rd) Procedure. taal of empl suber we ade pus wih fal pats al Knaeiany pons wiry pat Letz,— A, 99am 2 ~4 #13, be wo caples nub repronenied by th points an ‘Qn the Arad agra, ‘Compl the prlelgram OPRO. Draw PA, QL. perpendicular on OF Ao draw PY 46 RV ont AM = MV NR KP + LO ~ y+ Te co-ordinates of R ane 6, +A 94 +99) and epreoeatthe compen bor te A) 1, TH) = UB TT HD haste stn of complex aumbersis posted by the ext paralebyan feted by OP (2) and OD a alan Ss fete) = OR ane amp ie, 2) ZO, 6a sunmRscrion (arity (eth = Wiese Procedure. ln stbesstin of complex nmbor we sbit res! pats rm real pas nd leur pans rom nay pat Let Pan O spent two sop number ity ofthe diagonal ofthe The once) t ‘Ls isroprecred by 0 foe by probing 00 w OF Ste sucha OO" 08: Complo: the panlslgrim OPAD then the samo, and repent by OF I 69 rowers ori f\. See tbe we née vaio peso oes Webuow tats = SE ¥ Mulpying by / beth sides. we got Pwia-Mene (Garp Numtors ry B= uye-acn=4 Ease Simpl te fitoning: (2) (1! Sait (0) We divide 19 by 4 and ve gt We teted o-Ps asae wee (Py we ivi 108 Wy 6, ne et (os 42543 OF = WF CH= am (a1) = (6 Mb = we Ad Kad +b) Preah, (0 51) (651d = 00 + ind +The + Phd fe} kal be) CDi beeen = lac Cad + be example 2 Muti 4+ 4 y= 36 Sout Let 2,3 + A and sy~7— 31 Bs 28r+ 12 Mettptcaon of compix nombers (Pata form) Late rf6o 0, #4 ie \) and == ens ia B= em yee SR em neo 2430) reo + 3 BiKoo 8, + Fn 0) ri 08 0, 6s 0, sn 8,5 6, =H rile ©, © 8) fein (, = 09) ‘The module ft product af mea cemotex numbers the prt ‘the argument cf he products te sn of te arguments Ler grees he ciples rant: = reer, sin 0) ot 04 1 ong ean. Contct 8 O40 0 00 0 copie umeors oR | 09, oR _og ome ha OT a BeBe 2tOR = £400 + £00k 0.49, oe epee copes mers = repo By the pba th ha Mist ied WAG, donee) 411 MOTO ASA OFERMTOR Mineo oa sep mabey le Seri nemo +4386) = OR OF. 0B nr, ieee lewd] = eon (ors}ersn(ors] ose complex mater hid yess The ttn ofthe somes ter by in anki iin ito change i apie "wo cm ane we ny he po pny Hei cee (hr ot ems min id &- rat wl eae a Thonn Shw tha he wn cps fa serps mer dient sre or tae Prot Lethe congener an 1 cog agin. Sun = (sto) 1 eH) 2 @e) Prada = Gane ee HP (ten) Prana Ale sk Ths be ro se ample 3 Fado te conse «eames meter 7 6 Ton amir comple mantra + 6 we ching he af mata emer Conuptc af = = 7 am, Td acon mri a tye +a we ww 222 Tosi fit emi te me dear by ene fe 2m am) @-m) sett ste One ay ar Connie Nunes a at ho ant i ead rh, woe, ee ae uampte dk Dhde rhe sen In Sasiesinse 7-16? a Sched 7 ay vie BS ea omen DIVISION ty Aeebray Lets) = cor +n) = nti + Fain) sib) enter ran oor, 0) les xs 1 sn sin in cos, = cos if oe Osa = Bs 1 89+ E88 6,8] ‘The moda ote act of woes ats the aoent ef he nda Me anger these the once ot rene Ler ard @ terse the comple manda. y Cutt OF teantwt 8 O48 en OF snr 408 = 2000 £40? £4000 ~ Aer mate ce =) sn = ows seks ei 2 sed yp ° 2|-F (0) Are (31) ~ Ang (3) Ane 9 an ceri names ample §. cor fale pe ht I 4 = (1+ Don Ocoe + 8) Lease 1 (om 0 FeO e+ a OF Fite ive + cad 09 21a ca sa? @ in) +(e co 822148 oo Fan 9} + got O's ea © Bia Wem 1n0) 2 Zant 953 an Gea {in 0} ¢ 2c (on 8 in (exe + fan Dl bem Free eam 4s Land bs te (+ ape nt SER TEE Soto Her ene Ase Cras en BOE Trade Ment) -d Geesbeg Ceased (aase-@) “rarer B®) Geaschod™ s2 2b Le He sang 22h ‘athe ave, we get ecu Prt heats ot vk Le Ga) s28e 2h 2m wat sa eth ost) Abs ates) ah Te Tv Bae © Sc m=) Eivanied tre Tee eetatm BO os in decodabth ge aly Seat +2 co 0 si Tabet ace doce rast races TEA) Pret te. 20 BIH, Go 6 t/a @ —(os @ Hin Goo Ori sin slo $F 7am ete tt 49 4 ne ee tg aa can =} Bounded Bs, ta HY we waren B22 etn ee are wees Fe ent ‘ered rel vb of Be complex me a aa sy made 2The re. sto Neninoe me eS ‘iaercb= Ohiveetbe acpet aet ety aa ltr The saab ug) a — comple Neer oe Far emp (he rig 20 (8 fe poop bet Har a sample he nl icy apt! ope mtr ror pm 2 mnt 8 owe ma! and peace = ani Tramp Fo! el rm nga of i compe marr Sette Pena n= en 1) diay Seated “ Sansemre 2 Sing ad ing yaad Qe Fe et «in? - a eateolepecmtantsdeee st = mi tecean= 62008 £1) fatal, wk NO ey fonoiveine, sa = $2 “” apt (22S nant EE cen ok ovr va ene = Bek Satie gun nt 2 Aegon ona = $d ma fom sn) = r= 2 os Cameo Mantes Coed ae a pee ser meals Porerere ee 208! 1 eFi--0-4-90) an ee eran re 2-2 -BF oH on mere al ed ee A 8 la taP = [bsg tara lease an ae Uke abe “9 PPO ee 2 Bn Siahe anal eyelet oa? ac ing so sabe tan oP ge ang aE SF ome ee test slate abet a “ ST aye ay ee oa = 1a, 7g) 3 le emtoysoal= loys or al = Tear coe GiLet eon ae Si rdston ser ety Kame 489 1 rome ” Lariee ay Spin sn ating) an wt Foot Oi = (ia oP Ps ea tenB aed 9 on oR HF is noe ian em ae ace = sample Ft em pute mfr ck hg aby, Min 298) ee i as dm oo isn) a OR hte oy v (sg 2a * Paps Fol 9 Adin) anti wet See agree sap Fd the ae ofthe cope mr $1 Sung hae ih maga 14 0s 4139, 2 pare egy ps 02) weet ees oy Nw Bal EE GF - ST we Popa » lng Qt Gk mege ae = 5+ B= wen PE oa Stmtee 8) fom 9) wept ay = ts se4 > ye (Save =22 Sn jp i ate in Wee +g = aT shea ie Oe -o+ 3) “ pe et fhe ord of en ma te Se et ee we Sweeer icy se we cng Naas feo fant mast crstan emt Webaonttg =O (y= eau oy OS Meso tee (ones ssn) nd shan? Prd ins ton tn on 0 Fons Dna he loon 8 8 OF ‘on oie bom gw OLEH) ‘cattimty seaaeeiaee = om er SNowitye tye) "1 sun nto vec a NES TET Me, crennn Rata cr eC 1 em onsainmd) maa a eno sien O= canes tae Lexa bea pe tnin © whe payee ges Wit nse sey o ‘weap 9 he ntne tye: p hay 3 ute rane ea Since se te mows = wat Bshsing (Breve Gentes = sng etre pe operant [eet eisin tl coop 8 sising yen tan osc tenes ote e+ FH" sa Omen ea, a eens Nene ramp Pree ore of anf the aie for letae09 020) ow 08 oie 0O)= oe EE nem Strano + an 02 #824069 9+ Han 9) = ene resi ici (ex fan iE = Gentian) eee sa OI yc tm siantine 2206 see a 2 AE aap YB) Oe a, Hh) = A, pea wet Bat Bt Att 2 oo wisbuia oon edt aa (iy foe) = fom an) tomes “faint fom ag * Bh) ROO rine +e) tiara? eh eae 388) oat te te ten ape 2 Yet te cory = a6 ht pe ha 0) eo 9s y= eo em? pan! y= 3 cm +0 8 +0820 (el emia seen tpe oes ad=0 (oj arlasPenrepomyoaso (our 2 Graconpoea)stea sepia o (meetin Gata Deore san y= 8 rae. fae Domb Ff arden ay (cor sin a) Gan in) oe yi y= 8 cone Mane we Cee aaah ape Hae B+ ry ast = 0 = ae = 0 abt 3) Bebe Woorim tieiesase tre awn 2 ettedie Smee ensure seaysiay 3 ate iado a Beton oars fonane Senet Saipan Sane in sea -8 3 Siscmress. om 3 tete-isietpiviady- t= et pt oat y= 4 ~ eteverpemty=3 g eee toast toy 3 a atu pats} ” pl “6 ene SPST ann san yeh Seas stan Sfmt De ranles Lomb yen a Tom ay me += asin en nny uh tue BsoeBenresusw=0 thes DemOtysame ease coy BHERCSE 66 aan! terete (8a See ew Ge wR 212 Ee ree tog IE 1 ee or an a we fn tig oy reversed fo me- ee a acy, w= Vt inn) on ag 62) Fin oe > bane Des range eR compe Rens os ‘Men, 253 ea

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