Psychiatric

Classification ICD
11
ICD-10 • ICD-11 • DSM-5
A simplified teaching deck for MSc Psychology students

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

 Learning objectives
By the end, students should be able to…

• Explain why classification systems are used in mental health.

• Describe the basic structure of ICD-10 and DSM-5.
• Identify the major structural and conceptual changes in ICD-11 compared with ICD-10.
• Apply a few high-yield ICD-11 changes to common clinical examples.

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 2

 Why do we classify mental disorders?

Clinical use Public health & research

• Common language among professionals

• Allows coding and health statistics
• Helps organize assessment and diagnosis
• Supports research comparisons
• Supports treatment planning and
• Helps plan services across countries
communication

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 3

 The big picture: ICD and DSM
ICD-10 ICD-11

Developed by WHO ICD: global classification for all diseases and health conditions

Mental disorders = Chapter V (F codes) ICD-11 mental disorders = Chapter 06

Clinical descriptions + diagnostic

ICD-11 uses Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements (CDDR)
guidelines

DSM-5 is produced by the American Psychiatric Association and focuses on

Used internationally
mental disorders

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 4

 A short timeline

1992/93 2013 2019 2022

ICD-11 adopted by
ICD-10 mental ICD-11 came into
DSM-5 published World Health
disorder guides effect
Assembly

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 5

 ICD-10: the mental disorder chapter
The familiar “F-code” structure

• F00–F09: Organic mental disorders

• F10–F19: Disorders due to psychoactive substance use
• F20–F29: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders
• F30–F39: Mood (affective) disorders
• F40–F48: Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders
• F50–F59: Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances
• F60–F69: Adult personality and behaviour disorders
• F70–F79: Mental retardation; F80–F89: psychological development; F90–F98: childhood/adolescent onset
disorders

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 6

 ICD-10 → ICD-11: the structural shift
ICD-10 ICD-11
Chapter V: Mental & behavioural
Chapter 06: Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders
disorders

10 broad diagnostic groupings 21 diagnostic groupings; alphanumeric coding removes the old 10-group
constrained by F0–F9 constraint

Some categories organized by age of

Lifespan approach: developmental presentations described across ages
onset

Some conditions kept inside mental

Sleep-wake, sexual health and tic disorders moved to other ICD-11 chapters
disorders chapter

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 7

 ICD-11: 5 changes worth remembering

1 More groupings Better separation of clinically different problems

2 Lifespan approach Less “childhood-only” thinking

3 Dimensional thinking Especially personality disorder severity

4 New diagnoses e.g., complex PTSD, prolonged grief, gaming disorder

5 Culture guidance Culture-related guidance included for each disorder

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 8

 Example 1: Neurodevelopmental disorders

ICD-10 ICD-11

• Combined under Neurodevelopmental

disorders
• “Mental retardation” = F70–F79 • Uses “disorders of intellectual development”
• Psychological development = F80–F89 • Intellectual development considers adaptive
• Many childhood-onset disorders = F90–F98 behaviour as well as intellectual functioning
• ADHD and other conditions described across
the lifespan

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 9

 Example 2: Anxiety, OCD, stress and somatic symptoms

ICD-10 Anxiety and fear-related disorders

F40–F48
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
Neurotic, stress-
related →
and somatoform Disorders specifically associated with stress
disorders

Dissociative disorders

Bodily distress disorders

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

0
 Example 3: Personality disorder becomes dimensional

ICD-10 approach ICD-11 approach

• First judge severity: mild, moderate or severe

• Multiple named personality disorder
• Then describe prominent trait domains
categories
• A “borderline pattern” qualifier can be added
• Diagnosis mainly categorical: “present /
when appropriate
absent”
• Focus shifts toward degree of dysfunction

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

1
 Example 4: New or newly distinct diagnoses in ICD-11

Prolonged grief
Complex PTSD Gaming disorder
disorder

PTSD symptoms + persistent Persistent, impairing grief Persistent/recurrent gaming

problems in affect regulation, response beyond the pattern causing marked
self-concept and expected cultural/social distress or significant
relationships context functional impairment

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

2
 What moved out of the mental disorders chapter?
ICD-10 ICD-11

ICD-10 nonorganic sleep disorders ICD-11 Chapter 07: Sleep-wake disorders

ICD-10 sexual dysfunctions

ICD-11: Conditions related to sexual health
(nonorganic)

ICD-10 gender identity disorders ICD-11: Conditions related to sexual health

ICD-10 tic disorders ICD-11 Chapter 08: Diseases of the nervous system

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

3
 ICD-11 is designed for digital use

• Alphanumeric coding is more flexible than the old F00–F99 structure.

• “Postcoordination” allows extra codes to describe clinically important features.
• Categories can be cross-listed (“secondary parenting”) when they belong clinically with
more than one grouping.
• WHO provides browser, coding tools, APIs and downloadable resources.

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

4
 Where does DSM-5 fit?

ICD DSM-5

• American Psychiatric Association

• WHO system • Mental disorders only
• Covers all diseases • Widely used in clinical training/research,
• Global reporting standard especially in the USA
• ICD-11 is the current revision • DSM-5 moved away from the DSM-IV
multiaxial system

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

5
 A simple way to teach the difference
Think of classification as a
map. Key message for students

ICD-10 ICD-11
Do not memorize every code first.

→
Updated map
Older map Understand how the system
More precise
10 broad “F” zones groups problems, what changed,
neighborhoods
More age-linked and why the change matters
Lifespan +
groupings clinically.
dimensional thinking

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

6
 Quick check: 5 questions

• Which organization publishes ICD?

• What happened to the ICD-10 F40–F48 grouping in ICD-11?
• What does a “lifespan approach” mean?
• Name two new/newly distinct ICD-11 diagnoses.
• What is the major ICD-11 change in personality disorder classification?

Use as a 3-minute recap or exit ticket.

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

7
 Take-home summary

ICD-10 F-code chapter with 10 broad groupings

ICD-11 More flexible structure with 21 mental/neurodevelopmental groupings

Clinical shift Lifespan, culture-aware and more dimensional

Neurodevelopmental regrouping; F40–48 split; personality severity; new

High-yield changes
categories

DSM-5 A separate APA classification of mental disorders, partly harmonized with ICD

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

8
 Recommended references

Core reading
• WHO. Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements for ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural and
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2024).
• WHO ICD-11 Browser / Reference Guide for current coding and updates.

Teaching tip: show ICD-10 first, then use “What changed in ICD-11?” as the organizing
question.

Psychiatric Classification • MSc Psychology Dept. of Psychiatry 1

9