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Unit 4

The document discusses the process of electrolysis, which involves using electricity to decompose ionic compounds in solution or molten form. It explains the roles of electrolytes, electrodes, cations, and anions, as well as the rules governing the discharge of ions during electrolysis. Additionally, it covers applications such as purifying metals, electroplating, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

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2 views14 pages

Unit 4

The document discusses the process of electrolysis, which involves using electricity to decompose ionic compounds in solution or molten form. It explains the roles of electrolytes, electrodes, cations, and anions, as well as the rules governing the discharge of ions during electrolysis. Additionally, it covers applications such as purifying metals, electroplating, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

shahidrikas11
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Sunnimonu, * ELECTROLYSIS Using electricity to cause @ reaction ia 2 solution or molten ionic compound. lons are free to move when molten/in solution. ELECTROLYTE: the liquid; a solution consists of par lly dissociated ions. ELECTRODES: the parts of the circuit dipped in the electrolyte (e.9. carbon/graphite: Cations are positive (+) AF Anions are negative (-), s0 are (PAWSETIVE!) so are attracted to the anode, attracted to the cathode. hice RULE if there ig 9 HALIDE ion the LESS REACTIVE CATION is (F. CU, Be) they're ALWAYS REDUCED 2¢ the cathode, while the OKIDISED ot the ANODE. -_—— more reactive ion stays in solution. * 2Ch otherwise, it's oxygen that's A Clagt 2€ Eye aae 2H ay # Ze” —> Hats) [Pree eatin Oxidation Reduction s + 2H,0 + be The other ions stay ia solution. In this case, that's the Na" and OH ions, Tee Ubi. or eteirne ich produces sodium hydroxide solution (alk ELECTROLYSIS OF COPPER SULPHATE _ ELECTROLYSIS OF MOLTEN COMPOUNDS Use the two rules to sredict what lb ny evlevor hl equation, ond what Where a HALIDE WR F.C BED. aA gry c theste ALUAYS OMDIseD ac teaNode, Th A™Jons re brace tebe ope podveed eae by ¢ 9A the teks neacrive caTion REDUCED at the caote we he O° lot are atrctet 20%) +O gt We Ca ion are lets cevctve thon CATHODE to be REDUCED. ~ ath oe, eRVOLTE 1502 are ef insootion. tng a he Initing WSO, (uphurie acid). ~ Samim snide shaper! « Cu%ag #28 Coy IT PURIFYING METALS USING ELECTROLYSIS ELECTROLYSIS OF PURE WATER {ot contain the Unen water is electrelyeed, there are no other are ions involved, co oxygen and hydrogen se + Sere mutt be produced, fm Neots Saree and evens enter the clation, Techoicelly these oot relly ions oe i's ft» tolution, jut iguid HO molecules ‘That alco meand the half equstions are different in tht cate, but you don't seed to know ths for GCSE. 8. The ont nthe sletion no to the cethode where they cathode “REDUCED to torn bock amis nd ore deported, Cutgg #20 CU, Cup Copy # 20 You con test what at it produced from electrolysis by using the standard gos tests (squeaby pop For Dydrogen. relishting slowing {line for o1yser). Seetolge “ocala Ost 4: Electrocnemistry Ae Electolycie Elecroysie is The decomposition of an ionic compound , when molten ? Gr iN Aqueous solution . using emotion or aquenus Se uns ore free to mune S con conduct etearicihy ELECTROLYTIC|(NaCH) SOLUTION Electrode + Conductor Genetal / graphite red) , allass curtent to q9 in or ost of an electraiyte, Electrolyte: WoVten / Aqueous substonce ‘hah underaces electrolysis one Ste ‘ Gaquid in water: Coton ve cation anion - mve — aNion * Opp charges attract each other _€POWER SUPPLY| POSITIVE CATIONS GAIN. ELECTRONS AT THE NEGATIVE CATHODE. NEGATIVE ANIONS: JLOSE ELECTRONS AT THE POSITIVE ANODE reduction +s gare eat cathode’ Cathede is ~Vely choiged © tract. cations: a Anode is, ~vely comet § akc anions Spare wea oxidation 2 Tine + an extemal ciccuit , felecruns]camy electrical charge Th electrolyte , Lim] camy electrical charge. Tonic Half equations: Odhen ions ‘uch the electrode , electrans are ether Lost or gained creating Neutral _sunetonces, SS weleasect as products ak electrode Anode E — Element Catinede ES Ete Ete CE Koes em Goins 2 Eleckalysis of Moller Lead Cl) Bomidle. =F Power_supphy Trert aectodey snade Farm platioune 7 * Baaine gor bibles or con [gop \ nem bon 8” ental CPS earl Nolien PbBe,, ‘7 cothede 7 \ Pet +207 > Pb at Be Electrolysis Of Aqueous. solutions: Ss Smoke Tons ions [Link] in inaude WT ¢ OW ios Kou: NaCl — Na «a x Ya on” Metals /hycogen ore Non-metal Cotherthon Hz) ase formed Formed ot cathode at gnede Cothode C-ve)« Metal To / HH” ion wal) be discharged The fess reactive usll be discharyed te rendivity Senes) Pande C-+ve) : Non-metal ion / OW ion will be discharged 4 scenarios: Halide or — Hyditride Lon Not a Halide or Hydroxide ion cv 8¢ 1 on” - None metal) on f x « v Loves election § Cemains 16 Remains in Loses elects Be Som a. halogen ‘Sslution Solution produces 0, * 1,0 Concentimied tinhde Solution Halide or Hysioride Ton |] Dilute halide Solution - Halide or — Hysroride Lon ct ee 1 on” ci 8¢ 17 on” SL x v Loves electon § Cemains in Cenains in Loves electon § Forma a halogen Selution ‘Sehution _ produces O, *~ 1,0 Flectolusis of Concentrated agyeous Natt; “Toes decodes nde Saves platiquen / cadorn / grote \ oe Ar Cathode : a7 + 2e — 4H, C Reduction Jess cwoctve thar Ka Cone Ag, NaCl Nav § on Left co Nadl is formed. Eleckolysis of Dilute Sulfuric Acid : Ines CeanOdes wae cater | geghe 2H"< 2 > Hy Reduction a At anode + 2 > Cl* 26° Oxidartion 2 Cangoribazed haltde Dilwe Sulfudc acid AoW On4 2p rte” Oxidation Electrolysis oO ayeous CuS04 « Dsing : 1. Trert Carbon / graphite electrodes 2 Copper electrodes- 1 “Tnest dednnies nde, | Sore platitum | Coton / groan =| He \ f Cus an, tOW - 0, + 2¥,0 * te” Qrdtelarten ae* 22 > Gy Redustion quan Copper Otulfote Copper deperits on cathode. Gla de Thereags mn mate Teads with tel? to form, Cur ims & eo a Otte Qsinyn snoss at cathode = fow tn mast et onme Decreaser in seve oo + Ca” iors Temain some concentration dbmugh solution Electroplating Method use to pub a thin layer of metal onto a metal okyeck using lecincycis. \S plate or coat anemetal

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