Basic Science — 30 Multiple-Choice
Questions
Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
Biology
1. Which of the following is the basic unit of life?
A. Tissue
B. Cell
C. Organ
D. Organ system
2. Which organelle controls most activities of a cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleus
D. Cell membrane
3. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Chloroplast
D. Ribosome
4. What process do plants use to make their own food?
A. Respiration
B. Digestion
C. Photosynthesis
D. Fermentation
5. Which gas do plants mainly take in during photosynthesis?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
6. What molecule carries genetic information in living organisms?
A. Protein
B. DNA
C. Water
D. Glucose
7. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?
A. Grass
B. Lion
C. Human
D. Mushroom
8. What is the main role of decomposers?
A. Produce sunlight
B. Break down dead organisms
C. Hunt other animals
D. Produce oxygen only
Chemistry
9. Which of the following is NOT a common state of matter?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Energy
10. Which state of matter has a definite shape and definite volume?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
11. What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?
A. Cell
B. Atom
C. Tissue
D. Molecule
12. Which particle has a positive electrical charge?
A. Electron
B. Neutron
C. Proton
D. Atom
13. Which particle has a negative electrical charge?
A. Proton
B. Electron
C. Neutron
D. Nucleus
14. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
A. Melting ice
B. Cutting paper
C. Burning wood
D. Breaking glass
15. What does the pH scale measure?
A. Temperature
B. Acidity or alkalinity
C. Mass
D. Density
Physics
16. What is a push or pull that can change an object's motion?
A. Energy
B. Force
C. Mass
D. Volume
17. What is the SI unit of force?
A. Joule
B. Watt
C. Newton
D. Meter
18. What is the formula for average speed?
A. Speed = time × distance
B. Speed = distance ÷ time
C. Speed = mass ÷ volume
D. Speed = force × time
19. A car travels 120 km in 3 hours. What is its average speed?
A. 20 km/h
B. 30 km/h
C. 40 km/h
D. 60 km/h
20. What force pulls objects toward Earth?
A. Friction
B. Magnetism
C. Gravity
D. Electricity
21. Which type of energy does a moving object have?
A. Potential energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Chemical energy
D. Nuclear energy
22. Which of Newton's laws explains why passengers move forward when a moving car
suddenly stops?
A. First Law
B. Second Law
C. Third Law
D. Law of Gravity
23. What happens to an object's acceleration when the force applied to it increases,
assuming its mass stays the same?
A. It decreases
B. It increases
C. It becomes zero
D. It stays exactly the same
Earth and Environmental Science
24. Which is the outermost solid layer of Earth?
A. Inner core
B. Outer core
C. Mantle
D. Crust
25. What process changes liquid water into water vapor?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Collection
26. What causes most earthquakes?
A. Movement of tectonic plates
B. Rainfall
C. Ocean waves
D. Wind
27. What is the difference between weather and climate?
A. Weather is long-term; climate is short-term
B. Weather and climate are exactly the same
C. Weather describes short-term conditions; climate describes long-term patterns
D. Climate only occurs during summer
28. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Solar energy
D. Natural gas
29. Which type of pollution directly affects rivers, lakes, and oceans?
A. Air pollution
B. Water pollution
C. Noise pollution
D. Light pollution
30. Which action is most helpful in conserving natural resources?
A. Wasting water
B. Cutting down forests unnecessarily
C. Reducing, reusing, and recycling materials
D. Leaving lights on all day
31. Which organ pumps blood throughout the human body?
A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Lungs
D. Stomach
32. Which organ is primarily responsible for breathing?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Kidneys
33. Which part of a plant absorbs water and minerals from the soil?
A. Flower
B. Leaf
C. Stem
D. Roots
34. Which nutrient is mainly responsible for building and repairing body tissues?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Water
D. Fiber
35. Which blood cells help fight infections?
A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
36. What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
A. 0°C
B. 50°C
C. 100°C
D. 150°C
37. What is the freezing point of water?
A. -10°C
B. 0°C
C. 50°C
D. 100°C
38. Which of the following is an example of a mixture?
A. Oxygen
B. Gold
C. Salt water
D. Carbon dioxide
39. Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
40. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Microscope
D. Ruler
41. Which instrument is commonly used to observe very small objects such as cells?
A. Telescope
B. Microscope
C. Barometer
D. Compass
42. What form of energy comes from the Sun and provides light and heat to Earth?
A. Solar energy
B. Sound energy
C. Chemical energy
D. Mechanical energy
43. Which simple machine is commonly used to lift a heavy object with a rope?
A. Pulley
B. Wedge
C. Screw
D. Lever
44. What happens when light passes from one transparent material into another and
changes direction?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Absorption
D. Radiation
45. Which object in the Solar System is at the center of our solar system?
A. Earth
B. Moon
C. Sun
D. Jupiter
46. Which planet is known as the “Red Planet”?
A. Venus
B. Mars
C. Saturn
D. Mercury
47. What causes day and night on Earth?
A. Earth's revolution around the Sun
B. The Moon's movement around Earth
C. Earth's rotation on its axis
D. Changes in the weather
48. What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by weathering
and erosion?
A. Rock formation
B. Soil formation
C. Photosynthesis
D. Condensation
49. Which natural disaster is characterized by a large sea wave caused by an underwater
earthquake or disturbance?
A. Tornado
B. Drought
C. Tsunami
D. Thunderstorm
50. Which practice helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills?
A. Burning all trash
B. Recycling materials
C. Throwing garbage into rivers
D. Using more plastic products
51. Which organ helps digest food and absorb nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Heart
C. Lungs
D. Brain
52. Which system controls and coordinates activities in the human body?
A. Digestive system
B. Nervous system
C. Respiratory system
D. Skeletal system
53. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infections
B. Carry oxygen
C. Digest food
D. Produce hormones
54. Which part of the human body protects the brain?
A. Rib cage
B. Skull
C. Spine
D. Pelvis
55. Which vitamin is commonly produced by the body when the skin is exposed to
sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
56. Which of the following is a vertebrate?
A. Earthworm
B. Butterfly
C. Fish
D. Jellyfish
57. Animals that eat only plants are called:
A. Carnivores
B. Herbivores
C. Omnivores
D. Decomposers
58. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Omnivores
D. Producers
59. Which structure gives plant cells support and protection?
A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosome
60. Which organelle allows plant cells to perform photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Cell membrane
61. Which of the following is a physical property of matter?
A. Flammability
B. Ability to rust
C. Color
D. Reactivity
62. What happens to most substances when they are heated?
A. They contract
B. Their particles generally move faster
C. They disappear
D. Their mass becomes zero
63. Which method can be used to separate sand from water?
A. Filtration
B. Freezing
C. Melting
D. Evaporation only
64. Which of the following is an element?
A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Salt water
D. Sugar solution
65. What happens when two or more atoms chemically combine?
A. A compound may form
B. The atoms disappear
C. Energy always becomes zero
D. Matter is destroyed
66. Which type of energy is stored in food?
A. Chemical energy
B. Sound energy
C. Light energy
D. Electrical energy
67. Which force opposes the motion of an object sliding across a surface?
A. Gravity
B. Friction
C. Magnetism
D. Buoyancy
68. Which material is generally a good conductor of electricity?
A. Rubber
B. Plastic
C. Copper
D. Wood
69. Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains most of the weather we experience?
A. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere
70. Which gas do humans need to breathe in order to survive?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Helium