Q1. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI). State any two characteristics of AI.
rtificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables machines to simulate
A
human intelligence — such as reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making —
using algorithms and data.
Two characteristics of AI:
● L earning ability: AI systems can learn from data/experienceand improve
performance over time without being explicitly reprogrammed.
● Reasoning and problem-solving: AI can analyze informationlogically to make
decisions or solve complex problems, similar to human thinking.
2. Explain the difference between Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML),
Q
and Deep Learning (DL).
Aspect AI ML DL
Definition road field enabling
B ubset of AI that
S ubset of ML using
S
machines to mimic human learns patterns from multi-layered neural
intelligence data networks
Scope Widest concept Narrower than AI arrowest, most
N
specialized
Approach ule-based +
R tatistical
S eep neural networks
D
learning-based systems algorithms trained mimicking brain
on data structure
ata
D Varies Moderate ery large datasets
V
requirement needed
Example hess-playing computer,
C pam email
S ace recognition,
F
chatbots detection self-driving cars
In short: AI is the overall goal, ML is one way to achieve it, and DL is an advanced technique
within ML.
Q3. What is Generative AI (GenAI)? Give any two examples.
enerative AI is a category of AI that creates new content — text, images, audio, video, or
G
code — by learning patterns from existing data, rather than simply analyzing or classifying it.
Examples:
● ChatGPT– generates human-like text responses, essays,and code.
● DALL·E / Midjourney– generates images from text descriptions.
Q4. Explain any three types of Artificial Intelligence.
1. R eactive Machines: The most basic AI type; respondsto specific inputs without
memory or past experience. Example: IBM's Deep Blue chess computer.
2. Limited Memory AI: Uses past data/experience for ashort time to make decisions.
Example: Self-driving cars that use recent sensor data to navigate.
3. Theory of Mind AI: An advanced, still-developing typethat would understand
emotions, beliefs, and intentions of others to interact more naturally (currently
theoretical/research stage).
(Other categories: Self-Aware AI — futuristic concept where AI has consciousness.)
Q5. List any three real-life applications of AI.
. V
1 oice assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant) for hands-free tasks.
2. Recommendation systems on Netflix, YouTube, and Amazon.
3. Facial recognition for security and mobile phone unlocking.
Q6. Explain the role of AI in education.
AI is transforming education by making learning more personalized and efficient:
● P ersonalized learning: AI adapts content difficultybased on a student's pace and
performance.
● Automated grading: AI evaluates quizzes and assignments,saving teachers time.
● Virtual tutors/chatbots: Provide 24/7 doubt-solvingsupport to students.
● Administrative tasks: AI helps in scheduling, attendancetracking, and resource
management.
● Accessibility: AI-powered tools (text-to-speech, translation)help differently-abled
and multilingual students learn better.
Q7. Explain the applications of AI in healthcare.
● D isease diagnosis: AI analyzes medical images (X-rays,MRIs) to detect diseases
like cancer early and accurately.
● Drug discovery: AI speeds up research by predictinghow compounds behave,
reducing time and cost.
● Virtual health assistants: Chatbots help patientswith symptom checking and
appointment scheduling.
● P redictive analytics: AI predicts patient risk (e.g., heart attack risk) using historical
health data.
● Robotic surgery: AI-assisted robotic systems improveprecision in surgical
procedures.
Q8. How is AI used in business and finance? Give any three examples.
1. F raud detection: AI monitors transaction patternsin real time to flag suspicious
banking activity.
2. Algorithmic trading: AI analyzes market data to makefast, data-driven stock trading
decisions.
3. Customer service chatbots: AI handles customer queriesfor banks and
businesses, reducing response time.
(Additional: Credit scoring and risk assessment using AI models to evaluate loan
eligibility.)
Q9. Explain the role of AI in software development.
● C ode generation and completion: Tools like GitHubCopilot and Gemini in Android
Studio suggest or auto-generate code, speeding up development.
● Bug detection and debugging: AI identifies errorsand suggests fixes before
deployment.
● Automated testing: AI generates test cases and detectsregressions.
● Documentation: AI can auto-generate comments and documentationfor code.
● Project management: AI tools help estimate timelinesand prioritize tasks based on
project data.
his allows developers to focus more on architecture and problem-solving while AI handles
T
repetitive coding tasks.
Q10. Compare ChatGPT and Gemini. Mention any three differences.
Feature ChatGPT (OpenAI) Gemini (Google)
Developer OpenAI Google DeepMind
Integration tandalone app/API,
S eeply integrated with Google Workspace,
D
plugins Android Studio, Search
ultimodal
M upports text, image, voice Strong native multimodal design (text,
S
ability (varies by version) image, video, code) from the ground up
Three key differences:
1. E cosystem integration– Gemini is tightly built intoGoogle products (Docs, Android
Studio); ChatGPT operates more independently.
2. Company/training data source– ChatGPT is trainedby OpenAI; Gemini leverages
Google's search and data infrastructure.
3. Real-time information access– Gemini has strongernative access to real-time
Google Search data compared to ChatGPT's default setup.
Q11. Write a short note on any three AI platforms.
hatGPT (OpenAI): A conversational AI chatbot capableof answering questions, writing
C
content, coding, and reasoning through problems. Known for strong general-purpose
conversation ability and wide plugin/API ecosystem.
laude (Anthropic): An AI assistant focused on beinghelpful, honest, and safe. Claude is
C
used for writing, coding, analysis, and complex reasoning tasks, and is accessible via chat,
API, and developer tools like Claude Code.
icrosoft Copilot: An AI assistant integrated intoMicrosoft products (Word, Excel,
M
Windows, GitHub). It helps with document creation, coding (GitHub Copilot), and everyday
productivity tasks directly within familiar Microsoft tools.
Q12. Explain the importance of AI in everyday life with suitable examples.
I has become deeply embedded in daily activities, making tasks faster and more
A
convenient:
N
● avigation: Google Maps uses AI to suggest optimalroutes and predict traffic.
● Shopping: E-commerce sites recommend products basedon browsing/purchase
history.
● Communication: Predictive text and auto-correct onsmartphones use AI.
● Entertainment: Streaming platforms suggest movies/musicbased on preferences.
● Home automation: Smart devices (thermostats, voiceassistants) use AI to learn
user habits and automate tasks, saving time and effort.
Q13. What is the future scope of Artificial Intelligence?
AI's future scope is vast and expanding:
● ealthcare: More accurate early disease diagnosisand personalized medicine.
H
● Autonomous vehicles: Fully self-driving cars becomingmainstream.
● Smart cities: AI managing traffic, energy, and publicsafety systems.
● Workplace automation: AI agents handling complex,multi-step tasks independently.
A
● GI research: Movement toward more general-purpose, human-level reasoning AI.
● Job creation: New career paths in AI ethics, promptengineering, and AI system
management.
verall, AI is expected to become a core part of nearly every industry, driving innovation and
O
efficiency.
Q14. What are the advantages of AI?
1. Increased efficiency: Automates repetitive tasks,saving time and reducing human
effort.
2. 24/7 availability: AI systems (chatbots, monitoringtools) work without breaks.
3. Reduced errors: AI minimizes human error in taskslike data entry or calculations.
4. Better decision-making: AI analyzes large datasetsquickly to provide data-driven
insights.
5. Cost savings: Reduces operational costs over timeby automating manual
processes.
Q15. Write any three limitations or challenges of AI.
1. H igh cost of development: Building and training AIsystems requires significant
investment in data, infrastructure, and expertise.
2. Lack of human judgment/emotion: AI cannot fully replicatehuman creativity,
empathy, or ethical judgment in complex situations.
3. Bias and errors: AI systems can inherit biases fromtraining data, leading to unfair or
incorrect outcomes.
(Additional: Job displacement, data privacy concerns.)
Q16. Explain the impact of AI on society.
Positive impacts:
Improves healthcare diagnosis and treatment.
●
● Increases productivity across industries.
● Enhances accessibility for people with disabilities.
Negative impacts:
● J ob displacement: Automation may reduce demand forcertain manual/repetitive
jobs.
● Privacy concerns: AI systems collecting large amountsof personal data raise
surveillance and privacy issues.
● Digital divide: Unequal access to AI technology canwiden the gap between
developed and developing regions.
verall, AI's impact is a mix of significant benefits alongside ethical and economic
O
challenges that society must manage responsibly.
Q17. What are AI productivity tools? Give any three examples.
I productivity tools are software applications that use AI to help individuals and businesses
A
complete tasks faster and more efficiently.
Examples:
. G
1 rammarly– AI-powered writing assistant for grammarand tone correction.
2. Notion AI– Helps summarize notes, generate content,and organize tasks.
3. GitHub Copilot / Gemini (Android Studio)– AI codingassistants that suggest and
generate code for developers.
Q18. Differentiate between Traditional Programming and Artificial Intelligence.
Aspect Traditional Programming Artificial Intelligence
Approach rogrammer writes explicit
P System learns patterns from data
rules/logic
Input Data + Program → Output ata + Output → Program (model)
D
is learned
Flexibility ixed logic; doesn't adapt on its
F an adapt and improve with new
C
own data
andling
H truggles with
S andles ambiguous data well
H
uncertainty ambiguous/unstructured data (images, speech, text)
Example Calculator app with fixed formulas pam filter that learns from
S
example emails
Q19. Why is Artificial Intelligence becoming important in today's world?
● D ata explosion: Huge volumes of data are generateddaily; AI is essential to
analyze and extract insights from it.
● Competitive advantage: Businesses use AI to innovatefaster and stay ahead of
competitors.
● Efficiency demand: Growing need for automation tohandle repetitive and
time-consuming tasks.
● Improved accuracy: AI reduces human error in criticalfields like healthcare and
finance.
● R
ising computing power: Advances in hardware (GPUs, cloud computing) have
made powerful AI models more accessible and practical.
Q20. Explain any three benefits of using AI in different industries.
1. M anufacturing: AI-powered predictive maintenance detectsequipment issues
before failure, reducing downtime and repair costs.
2. Retail/E-commerce: AI-driven recommendation enginespersonalize the shopping
experience, increasing sales and customer satisfaction.
3. Agriculture: AI analyzes weather, soil, and crop datato optimize irrigation and
predict yields, improving farming efficiency and reducing waste.
Unite - 2
Q1. Define Prompt Engineering. Explain its importance in AI.
rompt Engineering is the process of designing, structuring, and refining input instructions
P
(prompts) given to an AI model to obtain accurate, relevant, and useful outputs.
Importance:
● Improves output quality: A well-crafted prompt reducesambiguity and produces
more precise answers.
● Saves time: Clear prompts reduce the need for repeatedcorrections/follow-ups.
● Unlocks AI capability: The same model can performvastly differently depending on
how the prompt is phrased.
● Reduces errors: Good prompts minimize incorrect orirrelevant AI responses
(hallucinations).
● Enables specialized tasks: Allows non-technical usersto get expert-level outputs
(code, legal drafts, summaries) by simply phrasing requests well.
Q2. What are the principles of effective prompt writing? Explain any three.
1. C larity and specificity: Prompts should clearly stateexactly what is needed,
avoiding vague language. Example: "Summarize this article in 3 bullet points" instead
of "Tell me about this."
2. Providing context: Giving background information (audience,purpose, tone) helps
the AI tailor its response appropriately.
3. Using examples (few-shot guidance): Including sampleinput-output pairs helps the
AI understand the expected format and style.
( Other principles: specifying output format/length, breaking complex tasks into steps,
iterative refinement.)
Q3. Differentiate between Zero-shot, One-shot, and Few-shot Prompting.
Type Definition Examples Use Case
Given
Zero-shot I performs a task with no
A 0 examples imple, well-known
S
prior examples, relying only tasks
on instructions
One-shot I is given exactly one
A 1 example asks needing a format
T
example to guide its reference
response
Few-shot I is given multiple (2 or
A 2+ examples omplex or nuanced
C
more) examples to learn the tasks needing
pattern consistency
s the number of examples increases, the AI's understanding of the desired pattern/format
A
generally improves.
Q4. Explain Zero-shot Prompting with a suitable example.
ero-shot prompting means asking the AI to perform a task without giving it any examples —
Z
it relies entirely on its pre-trained knowledge to understand and complete the instruction.
xample:
E
Prompt: "Translate the sentence 'Good morning' into French."
Output: "Bonjour"
ere, no example translation was provided beforehand; the AI directly used its trained
H
knowledge to generate the correct answer. This approach works well for common,
straightforward tasks.
Q5. Explain One-shot Prompting with a suitable example.
ne-shot prompting involves providing exactly one example along with the instruction,
O
helping the AI understand the expected format or style before generating its own response.
xample:
E
Prompt:
"Convert the sentence to past tense.
Example: 'I eat food' → 'I ate food'
Now convert: 'She runs fast'"
Output: "She ran fast"
he single example clarifies the expected transformation pattern, improving accuracy for
T
tasks that could otherwise be ambiguous.
Q6. Explain Few-shot Prompting with a suitable example.
ew-shot prompting provides multiple examples (usually 2 or more) to help the AI recognize
F
a pattern more reliably before responding to a new input.
xample:
E
Prompt:
"Classify the sentiment as Positive or Negative.
. 'I love this product' → Positive
1
2. 'This is the worst service' → Negative
3. 'The food was amazing' → Positive
Now classify: 'The delivery was late and rude staff'"
Output: "Negative"
y seeing multiple examples, the AI better understands the classification pattern, leading to
B
more consistent and accurate results on complex or subjective tasks.
Q7. What is AI Productivity? Explain its benefits.
I Productivity refers to the use of artificial intelligence tools and techniques to complete
A
tasks faster, more accurately, and with less manual effort, thereby enhancing overall work
output.
Benefits:
● ime-saving: Automates repetitive tasks like dataentry, scheduling, and formatting.
T
● Improved accuracy: Reduces human errors in calculations,writing, and analysis.
● Enhanced creativity: AI assists in brainstorming andgenerating content ideas.
● 24/7 availability: AI tools can work continuouslywithout fatigue.
● B
etter decision-making: Provides data-driven insights quickly for informed
decisions.
Q8. Explain how AI can be used for writing and content creation.
AI supports writing and content creation in multiple ways:
Idea generation: AI brainstorms topics, headlines,and outlines for articles or blogs.
●
● Drafting content: Tools like ChatGPT and Claude cangenerate complete drafts
based on prompts.
● Grammar and style correction: Tools like Grammarlyimprove clarity, grammar, and
tone.
● Content repurposing: AI can convert a blog post intosocial media posts,
summaries, or scripts.
● SEO optimization: AI suggests keywords and structureto improve content visibility
online.
This significantly speeds up the content creation process while maintaining quality.
Q9. How can AI be used for text summarization?
I-based text summarization condenses long documents into shorter versions while
A
retaining key information, using two main approaches:
● E xtractive summarization: AI selects and combinesimportant sentences directly
from the original text.
● Abstractive summarization: AI generates new sentencesthat capture the essence
of the content, similar to how a human would summarize.
pplications: Summarizing research papers, news articles,meeting transcripts, and emails
A
— helping users quickly grasp key points without reading the entire document, saving
significant time.
Q10. Explain the role of AI in language translation.
AI plays a major role in breaking language barriers through machine translation:
● R eal-time translation: Tools like Google Translateinstantly convert text/speech
between languages.
● Context-aware translation: Modern AI (using neuralmachine translation) considers
context and idioms, not just word-for-word conversion, producing more natural
results.
● Multilingual communication: Enables businesses andindividuals to communicate
globally without language expertise.
● A ccessibility: Helps travelers, students, and professionals access content in their
native language.
● Continuous improvement: AI models improve translationaccuracy over time by
learning from large multilingual datasets.
Q11. How can AI help in creating presentations?
AI simplifies presentation creation through:
● A utomated slide generation: Tools (e.g., Claude forPowerPoint, Gamma, Canva
AI) convert text outlines into structured, designed slides.
● Content suggestions: AI generates bullet points, summaries,and speaker notes
from a topic or document.
● Design assistance: AI suggests layouts, color schemes,and images matching the
presentation's theme.
● Data visualization: AI can convert raw data into chartsand graphs automatically.
● Time efficiency: Reduces hours of manual formattingwork to just minutes, allowing
users to focus on content quality.
Q12. Explain the role of AI in research and learning.
AI enhances research and learning by:
● Information retrieval: AI quickly searches, filters,and summarizes large volumes of
academic material.
● Literature review assistance: AI helps identify relevantpapers and summarize key
findings.
● Personalized learning paths: AI adapts study materialbased on a learner's
strengths and weaknesses.
● Data analysis: AI assists researchers in analyzingdatasets and identifying
patterns/trends.
● Instant doubt resolution: AI chatbots provide explanationsand answers, supporting
self-paced learning.
Q13. Write a short note on AI-assisted research.
I-assisted research uses artificial intelligence tools to support various stages of the
A
research process — from literature review to data analysis and writing. AI can quickly scan
and summarize large volumes of academic papers, identify relevant sources, and highlight
key findings, significantly reducing research time. It also helps in organizing citations,
detecting patterns in data, and even suggesting research gaps. However, since AI can
occasionally generate inaccurate or fabricated information (hallucinations), researchers must
verify AI-generated content against credible primary sources before relying on it. Used
responsibly, AI acts as a powerful research assistant that accelerates the discovery process.
Q14. Explain any three applications of Prompt Engineering.
1. C ontent generation: Crafting prompts to generate blogposts, marketing copy, or
social media content in a specific tone and style.
2. Code generation: Writing precise prompts to get AIto generate, debug, or explain
code accurately (e.g., in Android Studio with Gemini).
3. Customer support chatbots: Designing prompts/systeminstructions that guide
chatbots to respond helpfully and consistently to customer queries.
(Additional: Data extraction and structuring, educational tutoring systems.)
Q15. Discuss any three limitations of Artificial Intelligence.
1. D ata dependency: AI systems require large amountsof quality data to function
accurately; poor data leads to poor results.
2. Lack of true understanding: AI processes patternsstatistically but doesn't truly
"understand" context or meaning like humans do, sometimes leading to nonsensical
or incorrect outputs (hallucinations).
3. Ethical and bias concerns: AI can reflect biases presentin training data, leading to
unfair outcomes in areas like hiring or lending decisions.
Q16. Explain the importance of human verification in AI-generated content.
Human verification is crucial because:
● A ccuracy check: AI can produce factually incorrectinformation (hallucinations) that
sounds convincing; humans must fact-check before use.
● Context appropriateness: AI may miss cultural, ethical,or situational nuances that
a human reviewer would catch.
● Accountability: Humans remain responsible for finaldecisions and published
content, not the AI.
● Bias correction: Human review helps identify and correctany biased or
inappropriate content generated by AI.
● Quality assurance: Ensures the final output alignswith brand voice, professional
standards, and intended purpose.
Q17. How does Prompt Engineering improve AI responses?
● R educes ambiguity: Clear, specific prompts guide theAI toward the intended
answer rather than a generic one.
● Controls output format: Prompts can specify length,tone, and structure (e.g.,
"answer in bullet points").
● P rovides context: Adding background information helps AI generate more relevant
and accurate responses.
● Guides reasoning: Techniques like "step-by-step" promptingencourage AI to reason
through problems more carefully, improving accuracy.
● Enables consistency: Well-designed prompts (with examples)produce more
consistent results across multiple queries.
Q18. Explain any three uses of AI productivity tools.
1. T ask automation: Tools like Zapier with AI automaterepetitive workflows (e.g.,
sorting emails, data entry).
2. Writing assistance: Tools like Grammarly and ChatGPThelp draft, edit, and polish
written content quickly.
3. Meeting and scheduling management: AI calendar assistantsschedule meetings,
send reminders, and even summarize meeting notes automatically.
Q19. What factors should be considered while writing an effective AI prompt?
C
● larity: State the request in clear, unambiguous language.
● Context: Provide relevant background information forbetter-tailored responses.
● Specific format/length: Mention desired output format(list, paragraph, table) and
length.
● Tone and audience: Specify the tone (formal/casual)and target audience if relevant.
● Examples (if needed): Include sample inputs/outputsfor complex or format-sensitive
tasks.
● Iterative refinement: Be ready to refine the promptbased on the AI's initial response
for better results.
Q20. Explain the benefits of using AI for learning and education.
1. P ersonalized learning: AI tailors content and paceto each student's individual
learning needs and ability.
2. Instant support: AI tutors/chatbots provide immediateanswers and explanations
outside classroom hours.
3. Accessibility: AI tools like text-to-speech and translationmake learning accessible
to students with disabilities or language barriers.
4. Efficient assessment: AI automates grading and providesquick feedback, saving
teachers' time.
5. Skill development: Interactive AI tools help studentspractice and improve skills like
writing, coding, and problem-solving at their own pace.