AI-Driven Public Health

Chatbot For Disease Awareness

Padma Priya k
Saveetha Engineering College Mariam Sherin
Chennai, India Saveetha Engineering College
Chennai, India
Mariamsherin01@[Link]
Monisha T Y
Saveetha Engineering College
Chennai, India
Moniyuvaraj1612@[Link]

Abstract—Worldwide access to reliable medical information learning (ML) and medical ontologies to assist health
remains a persistent and difficult global challenge, leading to assessments and increase public knowledge of the top 3 most
self-diagnosis and spread of misinformation. This paper discusses
common diseases and health concerns and those are diabetes,
the development and role of AI-powered chatbots for initial
medical care and health education. Using natural language hypertension, and respiratory infections. The problem
processing, machine learning and medical knowledge bases, these statement is clear - limited access to medical advice is
chatbots are able to provide users with fairly accurate contributing to misinformation or hesitation to obtain the
preliminary diagnosis, permit certain educational messaging proper medical treatment. The suggested chatbot provides
related to the more common diseases and approaches to both a symptom assessment, disease education, and advice on
treatment, and direct users to professional medical care when medical practitioners.
appropriate. This research studies the action architecture of the
chatbot, approximate effectiveness of the chatbot at educating
users, potential effects on ethics in developing countries, and
2. Problem Statement
acceptance of the chatbot using case studies and by analysing Access to reliable medical advice is constrained by
data. Moreover, this paper evaluates and engages in discussion geographic, economic, and systemic barriers. Review studies
with reflect abilities of and characterizes redirected from 2020 and 2021 have highlighted developments in the use
trustworthiness of current AI chatbots in reducing of natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, deep
misinformation, increasing understanding of health care learning, and transformer-based models to improve clinician
inequities, improving health literacy, and being able to provide diagnostic accuracy, emergency triage prioritization, and
reliable health-related advice to make people more informed access to health care. While these systems demonstrate
medical decisions all with an approximate level of > 85%
significant potential, major concerns around overall clinical
accuracy in addressing symptoms.
reliability, data protection, scalability, and the viability of
safely deploying AI in the workplace represent areas of
potential continued research and development.
Keywords— AI-Chatbot, medical diagnosis, health literacy, ● Conducting preliminary assessments of user symptoms.
machine learning ● Educating users regarding common diseases and prevention
methods.
[Link]
● Helping users determine when to seek professional care.
The global healthcare model experiences a taxing attack on .
healthcare knowledge, limited access to health professionals,
long wait-times and limited health practise education 3. Literature Review
awareness from a population. The World Health Organization
AI Based Disease Prediction Chatbots (ABDPCBs) in the
(WHO) explains that more than 50 percent of the global
medical literature
population does not have access to essential health services,
resulting in individuals who know their own diagnoses and The most important constituent of AI which was boon to our
reference unverified sources found online. Artificial life is medical chatbots uses of AI-based disease prediction is
Intelligence (AI) active chatbots can provide a way to connect essentially based on artificial intelligence, machine learning,
individuals through 24/7 health advice and health education. and natural language processing.
This paper suggests a model where AI active chatbots can use
Literature Survey AI Based Medical Chatbot for Disease
natural language processing (NLP), machine
Prediction
They built an AI-based chatbot that predicts diseases from
symptoms logging in a research paper [1]. Provided evidence
used machine learning models in conjunction to Natural Literature Survey on AI Chatbots for Early COVID-19
Language Processing (NLP) techniques to understand user Detection
queries as well as provide concise health manifestations. In the study conducted by Espinoza et al. (2021) [8], AI
Furthermore, not only could the chatbot give out early chatbots were used to provide early symptom checking during
predictions about possibility of disease but also emergencies COVID-19. They discovered that chatbot-based symptom
warnings when symptoms were marked as life-threatening, checkers helped to filter patients efficiently while supporting
allowing for quicker identification and responsiveness. patients who were able to monitor remotely during the
pandemic and decreased unnecessary hospital encounters.

Literature Survey on DxFormer: Transformer Model for Literature Survey on NLP Techniques for Symptom
Automatic Diagnosis Extraction
The authors presented DxFormer, a Transformer model Yadav and Yu (2021) [9] focused on applying NLP
aided deep learning architecture for automated disease (Natural Language Processing) models to extract symptoms
diagnostics, in a research paper [2]. In their results have from unstructured patient narratives as unstructured forms of
shown the contribution of dense symptom representation and textual information contain rich information. They found that
separate inquiry-response modelling. Which was combined to fine-tuned transformer models, such as BERT, greatly
provide better predictive accuracies than rule-based medical improved the accuracy of symptom detection in medical
chatbots. dialogue systems.

Literature Survey on Intelligent Conversational Agents in

Literature Survey on Coad: Collaborative Generation for Healthcare
Disease Diagnosis Koca Balli et al. (2020) [10] completed a broad review on
CAs (conversational agents) in healthcare. The review
Just published research Wang et al. (2023) [3] put forward assessed different deployed chatbots in health care, and the
Coad framework for both disease predicting and generating authors found that symptom checkers with AI and machine
symptoms using Transformer architecture. This study learning showed promise to improve patient engagement,
provides insight on how multi-turn dialogue and AI health literacy and satisfaction.
collaboration in generation could enhance the diagnosis
alongside making chatbot-patient conversations more Literature Survey on ChatGPT for Symptom Diagnosis
Interactive revolutionaries, real-time, title and context related. Assistance
Biswas (2023) [11] recently showed how large models,
Literature Survey on AI Chatbots for Disease Management such as ChatGPT, could be used to support diagnosis of
and Early Detection symptoms. The study reviewed how ChatGPT could produce
Mandy Sia et al. (2024) [5] examined the use of deep credible quality assessments, but were constrained based on
learning algorithms in medical chatbots for managing chronic fine-tuning to ensure controlled prompting resulted in
disease in their research. They highlighted the importance of medically safe outputs.
feature selection, symptom matching and classification
algorithms like Random Forest and SVM to improve early Literature Survey on Survey of Chatbots in Healthcare:
detection of disease. Current Landscape and Future Directions
Sharma et al. (2022) [14] undertook a systematic review of
Literature Survey on Buoy Health’s Symptom Checker: A healthcare chatbots, categorizing them into diagnostic,
Real-World Deployment therapeutic and administrative types of chatbots. Their survey
Minges et al. (2022) [6] researched the Buoy Health also noted the immediate need for regulatory guidelines about
platform to establish the real-world effects of AI-based AI chatbot use in a clinical setting.
symptom checkers. They showed how AI driven triage
chatbots can assign patients to care levels based on the input Literature Survey on Explainable AI for Symptom Checkers
symptoms in a coordinated way to curb emergency room Das and Radha (2021) [15], investigated the incorporation
crowding. of Explainable AI (XAI) in medical chatbots. Using real-
world experiments, they found that when users were given
Literature Survey on AI-Based Healthcare Chatbot System transparent reasoning behind their symptom-to-disease
Patil and Ubarhande (2022) [7] researched creating an AI- predictions, trust and compliance with the medical directives
supported chatbot that can understand symptoms and propose increased.
possible diseases. Their study highlighted Random Forest and
Decision Trees as useful algorithms for early disease detection Summary of Literature Review
with simple text input. The extended literature review reveals the dynamism of
the field of AI-enabled medical chatbots. Review studies from
2020 and 2021 have highlighted developments in the use of
natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, deep
learning, and transformer-based models to improve clinician
diagnostic accuracy, emergency triage prioritization, and
access to health care. While these systems demonstrate The workflow for the chatbot begins with the End-User
significant potential, major concerns around overall clinical inputting Symptoms. This creates a Query sent to Dialog Flow
reliability, data protection, scalability, and the viability of that performs Intent Matching. When a match is achieved, the
safely deploying AI in the workplace represent areas of system proceeds to Fulfilment, where it accesses an External
potential continued research and development. API and Database. This delivers Actionable data utilized to
create the Diagnosis and Response to the user

[Link] Approach and Working Process

The system integrates natural language processing (NLP),
LLM (Large Language Model), and medical knowledge bases.

 Technical Implementation Detail: The technical User Input (Stream lit Chat Box)
solution aims to implement an API-based LLM in
a Stream lit application.

 LLM Integration: It calls the Qwen3-4B model to System Prompt (Rules & Constraints)
generate responses via an API using the Bytes
SDK.
 Prompt Engineering: A system prompt sets
certain parameters and definitions for medical byte SDK (API Connector)
responses, enforcing brief, standardized responses

 Text Processing: A format response function

sanitizes the output, emphasizes essential medical Qwen Model (LLM Processing)
vocabulary, and renders messages in HTML/CSS
format for better readability in chat bubbles and
the scroll window.

 State Management: st. session _state (Stream lit Response Formatting (Regex + Bold + Line Split)
session state) is employed to save chat history and
facilitate conversational context.

Chat UI Output (Chat Bubbles with Avatars)

[Link] (Flow Chart)

1. The user inputs his/her question in the Stream lit Chat

Box.
[Link] Advantages:
2. System Prompt: The question is passed through the Rules
& Constraints of the system prompt. Early Disease Detection and Awareness: Detects diseases,
including pneumonia and COVID-19, and enhances health
3. API Connector: The Bytes SDK serves as the connector. awareness while combating misinformation.

4. LLM Processing: The query is processed through the Accessible and Inclusive: It is an economical option that is
Qwen Model (LLM). accessible at any time, accepts many languages, and provides
voice support, enabling its use by individuals in rural and
5. Response Formatting: The output is formatted by urban communities.
applying Regex, Bold, and Line Split functions so that the
text can be read properly. Cost-Effective and Scalable: This cost-effective measure
reduces hospital loads and can scale to detect more diseases.
6. Chat UI Output: The ultimate response is presented to
the user in Chat Bubbles With Avatars.
 Trust and Care Support: It fosters users' trust by giving
them sound advice and referring them to expert medical
assistance when they need it.

Flow chart

Fig 1

[Link] Collection and Analysis

Data Sources: 9. Future Features of HealthBot:

The chatbot was learnt from medical databases such Making Health Care Smarter
as PubMed and MIMIC-III, and WHO disease statistics.
Multilingual capabilities were tested with synthetic datasets. 1. Help You Stay Healthy (Not Just Fix You When Sick):
+1 Your Health Score: The bot remembers your past
Evaluation: health info (like age, habits) and gives you a "risk score." It
There are three main metrics to measure success: reminds you to get vaccines, health checkups, [Link]
Accuracy: Coach: Instead of saying "rest," it creates a plan: drink more
Accurate condition identification from symptoms. water, sleep better, or links to your fitness tracker.
User Satisfaction:
Assessed through surveys on 1-5 scales. 2. Protect Communities (Public Health):
Response Time: Spot Outbreaks Early: If lots of people in an area search
Average response time to a user's question. for "fever + cough," it alerts health officials before hospitals
get [Link] Fake News: It tracks health myths and helps
authorities debunk them fast.
[Link] Process
3. Make Health Care Easy:
Click Doctor Visit: If symptoms are serious, it books a
video call with a doctor. It shares your symptoms so you don’t
repeat them. Listen to Your Voice: The bot detects if you
sound anxious or breathless to understand how bad things are.

10 Challenges and Limitations

• Complex Cases: The chatbot couldnot manage rare

diseases due to limited training data.
• Internet Dependent: Needs continuous access to the
internet, and this continues to be a barrier in remote areas.
• User Trust: Some users were skeptical of using AI to
make health decisions.

Future Work Planned upgrades include:

 • Compatibility with wearable technology that allows health. With the incorporation of sophisticated technology
health monitoring in real-time. such as the Qwen3-4B LLM and a CNN for symptom
• Extent to rare disease screening with federated verification (which attained an accuracy of 87%), Health Bot
learning. can give reliable real-time advice regarding diseases and
• Offline functionality to assist low connectivity areas. symptoms. This system is an effective, low-cost solution
which is 24/7 available with multilingual and voice support,
Ethical Considerations thus with the help of which solid health advice is provided to
•Transparency The chatbot reminds users it only individuals in urban as well as rural regions.
provides preliminary advice, not diagnoses, and encourages In short, the results reveal that health Bot has high potential
users with serious conditions to consult healthcare to become a scalable, ethical public health tool. It not only
professionals. enhances health literacy and combats misinformation, but also
• Bias Mitigation The ML model was unbiased in terms provides accurate initial consultations that can refer users to
of gender, age and ethnicity, and scored above 90% in terms professional medical treatment when urgent assistance is
of fairness. required. By taking pressure off hospitals and providing
trusted advice, health Bot demonstrates that AI chatbots can
[Link] be a key factor in revolutionizing healthcare and allowing
Performance Analysis Testing on 10,000 simulated individuals to make informed choices about their health.
interactions demonstrated:
• Accuracy:
87.4% for common conditions (e.g., flu, diabetes).
• Response Time:
1.2 seconds according to our average logs.
• User Satisfaction:
4.3/5 based on 500 user surveys.

References

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