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Internal Combustion Engine Classification

The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines (ICE) and external combustion engines (ECE), highlighting their differences in combustion location, working fluids, space requirements, costs, and applications. ICEs, such as petrol and diesel engines, operate with combustion inside the engine cylinder, while ECEs, like steam engines, combust fuel externally. Additionally, the document classifies engines based on fuel type, stroke number, cooling method, ignition method, combustion cycle, cylinder number, engine speed, and cylinder position.

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3 views10 pages

Internal Combustion Engine Classification

The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines (ICE) and external combustion engines (ECE), highlighting their differences in combustion location, working fluids, space requirements, costs, and applications. ICEs, such as petrol and diesel engines, operate with combustion inside the engine cylinder, while ECEs, like steam engines, combust fuel externally. Additionally, the document classifies engines based on fuel type, stroke number, cooling method, ignition method, combustion cycle, cylinder number, engine speed, and cylinder position.

Uploaded by

aksmiet
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit I

Internal Combustion Engine


Introduction :

• Heat engine : It can be defined as any engine that converts thermal


• =

energy to mechanical work output. Examples of heat engines


include: steam engine, diesel engine, and gasoline (petrol) engine.
Thermal Mechanical
energy work
• On the basis of how thermal energy is being delivered to working
fluid of the heat engine (or as to where the combustion of fuel takes
place), heat engine can be classified as an internal combustion
engine and external combustion engine.

•
Internal Combustion Engine
• In an Internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel produces heat
energy inside the engine cylinder. The products of combustion directly act upon
the piston and develop power, which is used to rotate the crank shaft.

– Petrol engine is an example of internal combustion engine,


where the working fluid is a mixture of air and fuel.

– IC Engines are used as main prime movers in commercial


vehicles.
External Combustion Engine

• External combustion engines


are those in which combustion
takes place outside the engine
cylinder.

For example: In steam engine or steam turbine, the heat


generated due to combustion of fuel is employed to generate
high pressure steam, which is used as working fluid in a
reciprocating engine or turbine.
I.C. ENGINE E.C. ENGINE

• Combustion is inside engine Combustion is outside engine


cylinder. cylinder.

• Working fluid: petrol, diesel and Working fluid: steam


other gases.

• Requires less space. Requires large space.

• Capital cost is low. Capital cost is high.

• Starting of engine is easy and quick. Starting of engine takes more time
and isn't easy.
I.C. ENGINE E.C. ENGINE

• Thermal efficiency is high. Thermal efficiency is low,

• Power developed per unit weight of Power developed per unit weight of
these engines is high. these engines is low.

• Fuel cost is relatively higher. Fuel cost is relatively lower.

• Used for small capacity power. Not convenient and economical for
small power range.

• Wide application for road vehicles,


locomotives, machine practices, Limited applications - Railway
aircrafts etc. locomotives, power generation etc.
Engine Classification

Even though basic parts are the


same, design differences can change
the way engines operate and how they
are repaired
For this reason, you must be able to
classify engines
Engine Classification
• According to type of fuel used.
– Petrol engine.
– Diesel engine.
– Gas engine.
– Bi-fuel engine.

• According to number of strokes per cycle.


– 4 – stroke engines.
– 2 – stroke engines.

• According to method of cooling


– Air cooled engine.
– Water cooled engine.
Engine Classification
• According to method of ignition.
– Spark ignition.
– Compression ignition.

• According to the cycle of combustion.


– Otto cycle.
– Diesel cycle.
– Duel combustion.

• According to the number of cylinders.


– Single cylinder.
– Multi cylinder.
Engine Classification
• Speed of the engine as :
− Low speed
− Medium speed
− High speed

• Position of the cylinder as :


− Inline engines
− V – engines
− Radial engines
− Opposed cylinder engine
− X -Type engine
− H – Type Engine
− U – Type Engine
− Opposed piston engine
− Delta Type Engine

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