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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY

Name:  To be effective, you must also have
Section: supervised experiences in counseling
Time started: and sound knowledge of counseling
Time finished theory and techniques

INTRODUCTION TO THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP

 Therapeutic relationship – (Therapeutic
COUNSELING AND alliance) refers to the close and consistent
association that exists between at least
PSYCHOTHERAPY two individuals
 Health care professional
 Person in therapy
LEGEND:  The therapeutic relationship is an
o [Note from Rezaza] important component of effective
o Terms - Definition counseling
o Summarized content from source material  The therapist as a person is a key part of
o Information from the internet the effectiveness of therapeutic
treatments
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COUNSELING  Research shows that both the therapy
AND PSYCHOTHERAPY relationship and the therapy used to
 No single model can explain all the facets of contribute to treatment
human experience  The purpose of a therapeutic relationship
 During the course, students can begin to is to assist the individual in therapy to
acquire a counseling style tailored to their change his or her life for the better
own personality. However, this process will  It is very important that a therapist
take years. provides a safe, open, and non-judgmental
 Familiarize with the major approaches atmosphere where the affected individual
to therapeutic practice can be at ease
 Each therapeutic approach has useful  Unconditional positive regard -
dimensions and it is not a matter of being means offering full acceptance towards
right or wrong clients in the therapy room. For
 Every theory offers a unique positive regard to be unconditional in
contribution to understanding human the therapeutic relationship, the
behavior and has unique implications therapist must accept all of the client's
for counseling practice feelings and experiences equally and
 Psychotherapy is a process of engagement avoid making judgements about their
between two people, both of whom are bound value or validity.
to change through the therapeutic venture - It is a concept developed by the
 Counselors facilitate healing through a humanistic psychologist Carl
process of genuine dialogue with their clients Rogers, is the basic acceptance
 It is essential that counselors explore and support of a person regardless
their own of what the person says or does,
values, attitudes, and beliefs in depth and especially in the context of client-
work to increase their own awareness centered therapy.
 Administering techniques to clients without  Once the therapeutic relationship is
regard for the relationship variables is formed, an individual might be more
ineffective as techniques cannot substitute for inclined to open up emotionally and
the hard work that it takes to develop a provide further details about his or her
constructive client-therapist relationship concerns
 As a counselor, you need to remain open to  An unhealthy therapeutic relationship is
your own personal development and to the consequence of violating the
address your personal problems boundaries and ethics of acceptable
 The most powerful ways for you to behavior within the association
teach your clients is by the behavior  In some cases, an unhealthy
you model and by the ways you therapeutic relationship can cause
connect with them significant harm to the person in
 It is not sufficient to be merely a good person therapy
with good intentions.
Source: ELE-ICP Discussion and Handouts; Corey, Gerald (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10th ed. Australia: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
 Cognitive behavior therapy – also
known as action oriented therapy; they
emphasize translating insights into
behavioral action
OVERVIEW OF THE THEORIES  Choice theory/Reality therapy –
focuses on clients’ current behavior and
Psychodynamic approaches stresses developing clear plans for new
 Psychoanalytic therapy – based largely behaviors
on insight, unconscious motivation, and
reconstruction of the personality
 Adlerian therapy – can be broadly Systems and postmodern approaches
considered an analytic perspective which  Systems orientation stresses the
focuses on meaning, goals, purposeful importance of understanding individuals in
behavior, conscious action, belonging, and the context of the surroundings that
social interest influence their development
 It is essential to pay attention to how
Existential and relationship-oriented the individual’s personality has been
therapies affected by his or her gender-role
 Existential therapy – this approach socialization, culture, family, and other
stresses concern for what it means to be systems
fully human. It suggests that certain  Postmodern approaches include social
themes are part of the human condition constructionism, solution-focused brief
such as: therapy, and narrative therapy.
 Freedom and responsibility  These newer approaches challenge the
 Anxiety basic assumptions of most of the
 Guilt traditional approaches by assuming
 Awareness of being finite that there is no single truth and that
 Creating meaning in the world reality is socially constructed through
 Shaping one’s future by making active human interaction
choices  Focuses on how people produce their
It is a philosophy of counseling that own lives in the context of systems,
stresses the divergent methods of interactions, social conditioning, and
understanding the subjective world of the discourse
person  Feminist therapy – a central concept is
 Person-centered therapy – this the concern for the psychological
approach is rooted in a humanistic oppression of women.
philosophy and places emphasis on the  Focuses on the constraints imposed by
basic attitudes of the therapist. This the sociopolitical status to which
approach assumes that clients have the women have been relegated
capacity for self-direction without active  Explores women’s identity
intervention and direction on the development, self-concept, goals and
therapist’s part aspirations, and emotional well-being
 Gestalt therapy – offers a range of  Family systems therapy – based on the
experiments to help clients gain assumption that the key to changing the
awareness of what they are experiencing individual is understanding and working
in the here and now with the family
 Gestalt therapists tend to take an
active role, while following the leads of COUNSELING IS NOT:
their clients  Just information giving; although
information may be given in counseling
Cognitive behavioral approaches  Dispensing advice
 Behavior therapy – puts a premium on  Influencing attitudes, beliefs, and
doing and taking steps to make concrete behaviors by persuading, compelling or
changes threatening
 A current trend in this therapy is  Selection and assignment of persons for
increasing attention to cognitive job or activities
factors as an important determinant of  Interviewing alone
behavior
Source: ELE-ICP Discussion and Handouts; Corey, Gerald (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10th ed. Australia: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Socratic questioning – a form of disciplined information and reactions which stimulate
questioning that can be used to pursue thought in the client to develop behaviors which
many directions and for many purposes. This enable him to del more effectively with
includes exploring complex ideas, getting to the himself and his environment
truth of things, opening up issues and problems,  Bringing out the best possible congruence
uncovering assumptions, analyzing concepts, and between the counseled and the
distinguishing from what we know from what we environment
don’t.  A helping relationship which includes the
following:
 Someone who is seeking help
Counseling Psychologist  Someone willing to give help
Holistic needs Pinpoint specific needs  Who is capable of or trained to help
Overall Exact scientific
Reacting - immediate reaction to stimuli in the
wellness perspective
environment
 Verbal
COUNSELING  Non-verbal
 A process in which the counselor assists Responding - making proper steps and following
the counseled to make interpretations of procedures that lead to the well-being of the
facts relating to a choice, plan, or client
adjustments which he needs to make
 A process which takes place in a one-on- Motivational interviewing - a counselling
one relationship between an individual method that involves enhancing a patient's
troubled by problems with which he motivation to change by means of four guiding
cannot cope alone, and a professional principles,
worker whose training and experience 1. Resist the righting reflex
have qualified him to help others reach 2. Understand the patient's own motivations
solutions to various types of personal 3. Listen with empathy
difficulties 4. Empower the patient
 An interaction which can be described as
something that:
 Occurs between two individuals
Counseling Psychotherapy
(counselor and client)
 Takes place in a professional setting Focus Developmental - Remediative -
 Initiated and maintained as a means of fosters coping skillsaimed at helping
facilitating changes in the behaviors of to facilitate clients overcome
a client development and existing problems
 The process involving interpersonal prevent problems such as anxiety
relationships between a therapist and one and depression
or more clients by which the former Client Clients tend to Client’s problems
employee’s psychological methods based problems have problems of are more complex
on systematic knowledge of the human living such as and may involve
personality in attempting to improve the relationship using formal
mental health of the latter difficulties or need diagnostic
 Helping an individual become aware of assistance with procedures to
himself and the ways in which he is specific problems determine if there
reacting to the behavioral influence of his such as career is a mental
environment choice disorder
 It helps the individual to establish some Goals The focus is more The focus is on
personal meaning for this behavior and to on short-term goals short and long-
develop and clarify a set of goals and or resolution of term goals. Long-
values immediate term goals can
 A variety of procedures systematically concerns. Once a involve processes
undertaken by a counselor to promote week for 3 to 12 such as helping
specific changes in the behavior of client weeks the client
 A process by which a troubled person is overcome a
helped to feel and behave in a more particular mental
satisfying manner through interaction with disorder. Once a
an uninvolved person who provides
Source: ELE-ICP Discussion and Handouts; Corey, Gerald (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10th ed. Australia: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
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INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
week for 3 to 6
months
Treatment Preventive Psychotherapeuti
approach approaches and c approaches are
es various counseling complex;
strategies to assist strategies focus
with the client’s on unconscious
concern’s and the conscious
Setting Counseling services Psychotherapy is
can be provided in typically offered
a variety of settings in settings such
such as schools, as private
churches, and practice, mental
mental health health centers,
clinics and hospitals

“A therapist should not be working harder

than the client”

Diagnostic impression - tentative diagnosis of

a patient/client
 The word diagnosis commonly refers to
the identification of the nature and
cause of an illness.
 When a mental health professional
diagnoses a client or patient, the first
steps can be summarized as:
- Gathering information
- Narrowing down the options
- Formulating a diagnostic
impression

Other References:
 [Link]
psychpedia/definition-of-therapeutic-
relationship
 [Link]
Guiding-principles-of-Motivational-
Interviewing-Iamge-sourced-
from_fig3_333783647
 [Link]
Socratic_questioning#:~:text=Socratic
%20questioning%20is%20a%20form,we
%20know%20from%20what%20we
 https://
[Link]/
2016/11/15/impression-vs-diagnosis/

Source: ELE-ICP Discussion and Handouts; Corey, Gerald (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10th ed. Australia: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.